优质两系中籼杂交新组合蓝两优 1314

蓝两优 1314 是岳阳市金穗作物研究所利用安徽超美农业投资有限公司选育的优质两系不育系蓝 9S 为母本,以湖南鑫盛华丰种业科技有限公司选育的优质恢复系 R1314 为父本配组,选育出的优质两系中籼杂交水稻新组合。该组合生育期适宜、米质优,适宜作优质一季晚稻种植。2022 年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：湘审稻 20220010。     

转EPSPS基因抗除草剂水稻恢复系的培育及育种评价

为了培育既抗除草剂、综合性状又优良的杂交水稻组合,将3份抗除草剂衍生恢复系（华84EP-1、2、3）与5份不育系（红香2A、Y58S、广占63-4S、华1015S、天源6S）配组,对亲本、杂交组合的除草剂抗性和10个主要农艺性状（单株产量、结实率、千粒重、生育期、株高、有效穗数、着力密度、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、穗长）的配合力效应进行了分析。结果表明,所选育的恢复系的除草剂抗性接近完全(>96%),利用苗期喷施农达可有效地提高杂交品种纯度;恢复系、不育系的一般配合力分别在5个性状（结实率、生育期等）、7个性状（结实率、千粒重等）上达到了显著差异;杂交组合的特殊配合力仅在生育期上达到了显著差异。杂交组合中比对照增产最高的分别是天源6S/华84EP-1、红香2A/华84EP-3和华1015S/华84EP-1。因此,利用抗除草剂恢复系配制水稻杂交组合不仅可以提高品种纯度,也可以培育出强优势组合。     

9516及其系列组合的选育与应用

9516系浙江省农业科学院作物所选育的优良杂交水稻恢复系。具有恢复谱广、恢复力强、花粉量足、容易制种、杂种优势强等特点。由其与协青早不育系配制的杂交水稻新组合协优9516，于1999年3月通过浙江省作物品种审定委员会审定。     

两系杂交水稻培杂粤马及其配套技术

中国科学院华南植物园利用湖南省杂交水稻研究中心选育的核不育系培矮 64s作母本,以优质、抗性强的恢复系粤马占作父本配组,选育成两系杂交水稻组合培杂粤马.该组合表现米质优、高产、稳产、高抗稻瘟病.于 2000年通过广东省农作物新品种审定.     

高产优质杂交晚稻新组合洪优华占的选育

洪优华占是江西华昊水稻协同创新科技有限公司利用江西农业大学农学院和萍乡市农业科学研究所选育的三系不育系洪A为母本、以中国水稻研究所选育的强恢复系华占为父本配组育成的籼型三系杂交晚稻中熟新组合。该组合于2017年通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定(赣审稻20170043),具有熟期适中、高产、稳产、适应性强、米质较优等特点。     

粳型光敏核不育系的配合力初步分析

在选育出育性基本稳定的水稻两系模型先教核不育系28S和19S之后,在筛选两系杂交水稻强优组合的同时,与三种类型的模型恢复系作2×3的不完全双刊杂交,对五个亲本主要性状的配合力进行分析。试验结果表明：只要选择一定类型的恢复系与其配组,两个模型光敏核不育系均能获得强优势杂交组合。     

杂交水稻京福2优70在福鼎的表现及栽培

京福2优70是福建超大现代种业有限公司与福建省农科院水稻所合作，用野败籼型不育系京福2A作母本与恢复系明恢70配组育成的杂交水稻新组合，2006年通过福建省品种审定委员会审定。2005年福鼎市种子公司引进该组合，在福鼎市管阳镇西阳村和桐城街道丹岐村，分别作单季稻和双晚种植，表现生育期适中、高产、抗性强、适宜性广。     

利用优质常规稻金麻粘转育优质杂交稻亲本的初步研究

利用优质常规稻品种金麻粘作为优质性状的基因供体,与两用核不育系安湘S杂交育成了两用核不育系611S,与恢复系HB85杂交育成了恢复系772。分别用611S和772配制的两系和三系杂稻组合的产量和米质性状达到和超过了优质米对照组合汕优63的水平。实践证明可通过育种手段转育优质米的优质性状至两用核不育系和恢复系上,从而选育出优质杂交水稻新组合。     

籼型杂交水稻特优365及其栽培技术

特优365是广西万川种业有限公司用高产不育系龙特浦A与广西农业科学院水稻研究所选育的优质恢复系桂365配组选育而成的三系高产杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有生育期适中、产量高、稳产性强等特点,2019年通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定。对其特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术进行了介绍。     

两系优质中籼杂交新组合呈两优464

呈两优 464 是湖南洞庭高科种业股份有限公司利用湖南农业大学选育的优质高配合力两系不育系呈 391S 为母本,以湖南洞庭高科种业股份有限公司选育的高配合力恢复系岳恢 464 为父本配组选育的优质、稳产中籼杂交水稻新组合;该组合生育期适宜、抗性好、产量稳、米质优。 2020-2021 年参加湖南省湘种联合体中籼迟熟组区域试验及生产试验, 2022 年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定（湘审稻20220024 ）。     

水稻广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78的选育

利用野败（WA）型、红莲（HL）型、包台（BT型）3种细胞质的同核异质粳稻广亲和不育系苏秋A与19个籼、粳恢复系测交,筛选出对以上3种细胞质不育系均具正常恢复力的广谱型恢复系6078。通过回交,将广亲和品种Lemont的广亲和基因导入6078,育成广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78。经测交鉴定,SWR78对WA型、印水（ID）型、HL型、BT型4种细胞质的10个籼、粳不育系均具正常恢复力。     

高产优质杂交水稻新品种‘Ⅱ优936’选育

空间搭载诱变是一种育种新技术,中国科技工作者采用空间诱变先后创制和育成一批水稻新种质、新品种及杂交稻恢复系。此研究采用空间诱变与杂交育种相结合的手段,将恢复系明恢86干种子通过返回式卫星搭载后与台农67杂交,F2代再与CDR22复合杂交,培育出的新恢复系福恢936。用该恢复系与不育系Ⅱ-32A配组的高产优质三系杂交水稻新品种Ⅱ优936,在福建省2年区试中平均比对照汕优63增产达10.82%,米质主要指标达部颁优质米二级标准,稻瘟病抗性比对照汕优63强,2005年通过福建省农作物品种审定。本研究可成功地育出高产优质杂交水稻新品种。     

籼型黑糯三系及其杂交组合的选育与营养评价

以珍汕97A为母本与“珍稀黑米”杂交，再以优质矮秆黑糯品种“黑糯83”为父本进行复交，并以其为轮回亲本，选株连续成对回交，经过14个世代的选择、鉴定，育成籼型黑糯不育系186A和保持系186B。同时，从黑糯品种“云香糯”与“明恢63”的杂交后代中，按系谱法选育与测交鉴定育成籼型黑糯恢复系161R。黑糯杂交组合186A/161表     

分子标记辅助选择改良优质水稻恢复系明恢63的稻米品质

明恢63是我国育成的一个籼型三系强优势恢复系,其直链淀粉含量适中,但是糊化温度和胶稠度较差,并且仍然存在心白.从控制稻米糊化温度的alk基因和控制香味的fgr基因编码区寻找插入缺失长度多态性(insertion deletion length polymorphism,InDel)位点,并开发出InDel标记进行辅助选择育种,经回交聚合向明恢63品种导入来自中国香稻的alk和fgr等位片段,改良品系的稻米糊化温度显著降低,胶稠度升高,具有了香味,并且心白粒率得到了降低.外观品质、蒸煮食味品质得到了显著的改善.     

高产抗病杂交水稻天优673的选育

为了引起植物遗传性的变异,快速地选育高产抗病优质新品种,开展了航天育种新方法研究。福建省农业科学院水稻研究所利用空间诱变与杂交育种技术相结合的方法,育成的杂交水稻恢复系福恢673,它具有恢复力强,恢复谱广,配合力好等特点。并用恢复系福恢673与不育系天丰A配组育成了三系杂交水稻新组合天优673,多年试验结果表明,该品种具有丰产性突出、抗稻瘟病、品质较优、生育期适中、制种产量高等优点。在福建省2年区试中,平均产量7.09 t/hm2,比对照汕优63增产达5.39%,生产试验平均产量7.56 t/hm2,比对照汕优63增产10.29%,福建省区试稻瘟病室内鉴定2年均表现抗（R）,2010年3月通过福建省农作物品种审定。空间诱变与杂交育种技术相结合的方法可成功育成高产抗病杂交水稻新品种。     

Pyramiding of insect- and disease-resistance genes into an elite indica, cytoplasm male sterile restorer line of rice,'Minghui 63'

The wild‐rice‐derived dominant gene Xa21 conferring multi‐race resistance to bacterial blight and a fused Bt gene cry1Ab/cry1Ac conferring resistance to lepidopteran insects were individually introduced into the same genetic background of an elite indica cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) restorer line ‘Minghui 63′. The line showed the desirable insect‐ and disease‐resistant phenotypes. To maximize the effect, the two genes were also pyramided into the same recipient plant of ‘Minghui 63’ by marker‐assisted selection. After being subjected to natural infestation of leaf‐folders and yellow stem borers and inoculation of Xoo strain mixtures, the pyramiding line and its derived hybrids showed high levels of resistance against both insect damage and disease. Furthermore, data from field trials demonstrated that the hybrids made by crossing this pyramiding line with the CMS lines ‘Zhenshan 97A’ and ‘Maxie A’ retained a similar level of yield under conditions without chemical spray, indicating that the pyramiding genes have a yield‐stabilizing effect on the recipient line and its hybrids.     

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536的选育与应用

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536是南平市农科所利用强恢复系明恢86与优质恢复系多恢43杂交，育成的在产量、品质和落粒性等方面较明恢86有所改善的籼型恢复系，它具有恢复力强，恢复谱广，配合力好，制种产量高等特点。用南恢536配组的中晚稻杂优新组合Ⅱ优536于2005年通过福建省品种审定。     

Pyramiding of Xa7 and Xa21 for the improvement of disease resistance to bacterial blight in hybrid rice

‘Minghui 63’ is a restorer line widely used in hybrid rice production in China for the last two decades. This line and its derived hybrids, including ‘Shanyou 63’, are susceptible to bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To improve the bacterial blight resistance of hybrid rice, two resistance genes Xa21 and Xa7, have been introgressed into ‘Minghui 63’ by marker‐assisted selection and conventional backcrossing, respectively. The single resistance gene‐introgressed lines, Minghui 63 (Xa21) and Minghui 63 (Xa7) had higher levels of resistance to bacterial blight than their derived hybrids, Shanyou 63 (Xa21) or Shanyou 63 (Xa7). Both Xa21 and Xa7 showed incomplete dominance in the heterozygous background of rice hybrids by infection with GX325 and KS‐1‐21. The improved restorer lines, with the homozygous genotypes, Xa21Xa21 or Xa7Xa7, were more resistant than their hybrids with the heterozygous genotypes Xa21xa21 or Xa7xa7. To further enhance the bacterial blight resistance of ‘Minghui 63’ and its hybrids, Xa21 and Xa7 were pyramided into the same background using molecular marker‐aided selection. The restorer lines developed with the resistance genes Xa21 and Xa7, and their derived hybrids were evaluated for resistance after inoculation with 10 isolates of pathogens from China, Japan and the Philippines, and showed a higher level of resistance to BB than the restorer lines and derived hybrids having only one of the resistance genes. The pyramided double resistance lines and their derived hybrids have the same high level of resistance to BB. These results clearly indicate that pyramiding of dominant genes is a useful approach for improving BB resistance in hybrid rice.     

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.     

野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）新质源雄性不育恢复系的研究

发掘野生稻（O. rufipogon）新型雄性不育细胞质源,育成新质源优质米不育系的基础上进一步研究新质源雄性不育恢复系的育种技术—FA型细胞质雄性不育恢复系定向育种。用野生稻（非轮回亲本）与籼稻品种明恢63（轮回亲本）杂交和多次回交,后代再经过自交,将野生稻中的可育基因分离、转移、重组、整合到明恢63遗传背景中,获得农艺性状似明恢63,花粉和小穗全可育不分离的野生稻新质源恢复系金恢1号。用新质源不育系与金恢1号组配两个组合,其花粉和小穗育性都恢复到正常可育水平,产量高,米质优,实现了新质源不育系三系配套应用和大幅度提高杂交稻稻米外观品质的目的。这项育种新技术可以将水稻可育基因（恢复基因）转移到任一水稻品种中育成细胞质雄性不育恢复系,突破了新质源恢复系育种的技术瓶颈,极大地提高了恢复系利用稻种资源的育种潜力,为FA型新质源优质米不育系的杂交稻育种开辟了一条崭新的途径。新型（FA）细胞质源杂交稻可能对丰富杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性、提高杂交稻亲本对稻种资源的利用潜力、以及实质性提高杂交稻的稻米品质和产量水平都将产生积极和深远的影响。