矿渣-偏高岭土聚合物固化垃圾焚烧飞灰配比研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰属危险固废,必须无害化处理后再利用。利用高炉矿渣-偏高岭土制备聚合物固化垃圾焚烧飞灰,在正交试验基础上得到地聚物最佳制备参数,用该参数制备出的BKG按比例掺入飞灰制备地聚物固化体;与原始飞灰相比,28 d养护后,20%～60%BKG掺量的固化体抗压强度均满足相关要求;掺入50%和60%地聚物的固化体Cr浸出浓度均下降了约97%,远高于水泥固化体;通过微观试验分析证明：BKG对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行固化稳定化,实现了对危险废物的无害化处理。     

微生物固化和稳定化铅污染粉土的强度与污染物浸出特性

微生物矿化修复重金属污染土场地可同步实现控制污染物与提高土体强度的双重目标。采用巴氏芽孢杆菌对铅污染粉土进行注浆固化和稳定化试验,以胶结液浓度、铅污染浓度为影响变量,分析污染粉土的固化强度特性,以及铅污染物的稳定化形态与浸出特性。结果表明：微生物固化500 mg/kg铅污染粉土的强度能够达到793 kPa,可交换态铅含量降至94.8 mg/kg;浓度为0.50～0.75 mol/L胶结液比更高浓度的胶结液有利于控制顶出液中铅污染物的流失;微生物固化和稳定化粉土中可交换态铅和碳酸盐结合态铅含量呈负相关关系。对于铅污染浓度低于500 mg/kg的粉土,在酸性浸提液下的毒性淋滤试验(TCLP)铅离子浸出浓度能够降至5 mg/L的限值内。方解石和铅-钙碳酸盐共沉淀形成的无定形团聚体是固化铅污染粉土的主要胶结物,铅污染物通过碳酸盐共沉淀、直接吸附、碳酸钙包裹等形式实现稳定化。物理破碎能够使部分包裹稳定化的铅污染物二次释放。微生物注浆处理能够有效提高铅污染粉土的强度,大幅降低污染粉土中可交换态铅的占比,对铅污染物有良好的稳定效果。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰制备透水砖及其影响因素研究

为响应我国建设无废城市号召建设海绵城市,以垃圾焚烧飞灰替代部分胶凝材料与矿渣、偏高岭土、脱硫石膏与钢渣、碎石为骨料采用冷固法制备了环保透水砖,分析了粗细骨料体积比、颗粒级配、水胶比、飞灰参量等因素对透水砖性能的影响。结果表明：最佳的工艺参数为粗细骨料体积比为1.4、颗粒级配为DP3(钢渣细骨料2.36～4.75 mm、粗骨料粒径4.75～9.5 mm)、水胶比为0.26、飞灰参量为20%在4 MPa压力下成型其透水系数3.93 cm²/s、抗压强度32.53 MPa、抗折强度可达4.01 MPa,满足相关标准要求,将飞灰替代部分水泥制备透水砖,不仅可以减少资源浪费,还能降低环境污染。     

上海江桥生活垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液处理站性能测试试验分析

对上海江桥生活垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液处理站性能试验进行了总结分析,以对渗沥液处理提供具体参考。     

快速固化水泥刨花板的工艺试验

以速生杉木加工剩余物为主要原料、Na2SiO3为快速固化添加剂制备水泥刨花板,研究了冷、热压两种压板方式、Na2SiO3添加量、热压温度、热压时间、水灰比、灰木比、水泥种类和刨花形态等因素对水泥刨花板主要性能的影响.结果表明,热压法可适用于水泥刨花板制造,最佳工艺条件为:Na2SiO3添加量10%、热压温度95℃、热压时间12 min、水灰比0.6、灰木比2.6,制备的水泥刨花板的静曲强度达到10 MPa;采用MgCl2后处理能显著改善板的性能.     

TG固化剂水泥石灰稳定土强度及微观结构和固化机理的分析

以TG固化剂、水泥、石灰3种固化材料为影响因素,它们的剂量为因素水平,7d无侧限抗压强度为考核指标,对稳定土进行正交试验设计,并对试验结果进行极差和方差分析。结果表明：TG固化剂、水泥、石灰均是7 d无侧限抗压强度的显著性因素,可靠度达95%。在保证强度并考虑经济的情况下,对稳定土的配比方案进行优化,最终确定最优方案为TG固化剂∶石灰∶水泥为0.02%∶4%∶4%。同时,对最优配比下的稳定土进行微观结构的观察和固化剂机理的分析得出,当3种固化材料同时加入时,固化效果较好,能形成致密、稳定和高强的胶凝结构,而只加入水泥和石灰时,虽然能够形成团状骨架大颗粒,有一定强度和稳定性,但结构不够致密,不能形成胶凝状结构。     

季节性冻土区水泥固化路基填料试验与分析

为探究水泥固化路基填料在季节性冻土区的特性,通过试验,针对其在冻融损伤条件下的养生时间、水泥占比等情况进行探究,分析水泥固化路基在季节性冻土区条件下的冻融损伤规律,为相关区域的工程建设开展提供有效信息支持。     

灭钉螺微生物初步筛选试验

从钉螺体内分离到2株有较高灭螺作用的真菌菌株D1和D2,室内浸泡杀螺,24 h钉螺死亡率均为60%以上,48 h后钉螺死亡率均为100%。2株菌株经形态学观察并结合分子生物学测定,初步确定为木霉属真菌和毛霉属真菌。     

微生物固化粉土坡面的植物适生性研究

微生物固化粉土坡面能够提高粉土边坡的抗侵蚀能力,微生物固化防护层的物理力学特性以及植物的适生性是影响该技术应用的重要因素。采用巴氏芽孢杆菌以及胶结液对粉土进行表层喷洒固化处理,研究高羊茅和披碱草在微生物固化表层的粉土中的出苗生长情况。试验结果显示,提高胶结液浓度能够获得更高的粉土表层固化层强度。采用高浓度胶结液的固化层水稳定性更好。粉土表层经微生物固化后高羊茅和披碱草的出苗率随着固化层贯入阻力的提高而降低,出苗时间延迟4～5 d。固化层贯入阻力低于280 k Pa时,出苗率可达到80%以上。采用菌液和浓度为0.75～1.00 mol/L、喷洒量0.06 m L/cm2的胶结液喷洒3遍处理,可以保证粉土坡面既具有一定防护强度,又能够保证高羊茅正常生长。粉土经微生物固化表层后不适于披碱草的生长。研究结果表明,微生物固化粉土坡面对草本植物具有一定的适生性;植物种类及固化层强度是影响出苗率和出苗速率指数的重要因素。将微生物坡面防护与植物防护相结合的粉土坡面防护技术有良好的发展潜力。     

应用病毒复合微生物杀虫剂防治美国白蛾试验

应用病毒复合微生物杀虫剂进行防治美国白蛾幼虫药效试验,筛选出了防治不同虫龄的最佳体积浓度和最佳施药时间.幼虫1～2龄为1∶800倍液,3～4龄为1∶400倍液,5龄为1∶200倍液;最佳施药时间宜在晴天的8时以前和16时以后或阴天的全天,杀虫效果均在95%以上,既可节约防治费用,又能达到防治效果.     

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理工艺研究

通过一个实例,分析介绍了生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理的一种工艺。实践证明:综合利用破碎、筛分、磁力分选、跳汰分选、摇床分选等固废处理技术,对炉渣进行分选预处理,可有效回收利用Fe、Cu、Al等废旧金属,有效分离收集未燃尽的剩余垃圾,并妥善处理,从而使炉渣的性质满足资源化利用的技术要求,变废为宝。     

掺钢渣的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石抗压强度的研究

以马鞍山钢铁集团钢渣公司的钢渣为研究对象，分析研究了在半刚性基层材料石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石中掺入细钢渣，用细钢渣部分取代粉煤灰后，混合料无侧限抗压强度的变化情况。试验结果表明，随着细钢渣掺量的增加，石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势。这说明当细钢渣掺量适当时（钢渣：粉煤灰=1：2），能明显提高石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的抗压强度，其抗压强度可提高30％，所以从其增强效果来看是比较显著的。     

花楸种子变温处理及造林技术

对花楸种子进行沙藏变温处理能够打破种子深度休眠,促进发芽。另外采用和落叶松等针叶树混交,成活率高,生长快。     

城市污泥与树皮、秸秆、醋糠混合堆肥研究

将城市污泥与树皮、秸秆、醋糠堆肥,当污泥与富碳材料的混合体C/N<15时,在堆肥过程中存在氮素损失,混合体的C/N在15~37.1之间,全氮含量高于堆肥初期;树皮、秸秆和醋糠对污泥中的重金属有稀释作用,当污泥中镉含量高达64.253 mg/kg时加入3倍的树皮,堆制后可使镉浓度降到国家污泥农用安全标准限值内,实现污泥的无害化处理;各堆肥处理均能顺利升温并在50℃~55℃维持5 d以上,可杀灭致病菌,达到卫生化要求。     

Preparation and properties of waste tea leaves particleboard

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive is the main source of formaldehyde emission from UF-bonded boards. The components in waste tea leaves can react with formaldehyde to serve as a raw material in the production of low formaldehyde emission boards. In our study, waste tea leaves and UF adhesive were employed in the preparation of waste tea leaves particleboard (WTLB). An orthogonal experimental method was applied to investigate the effects of process parameters on formaldehyde emission and mechanical properties of WTLB. The results indicated that: 1) waste tea leaves had the ability to abate formaldehyde emission from boards; and 2) density of the WTLB was a significant factor affecting its modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB).     

Change in fracturing and colouring of solid spruce and ash wood after thermal modification

Effects of different thermal treatments (maximum treatment temperatures of 200, 210 and 220°C for 2.5 hours) on solid spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) were investigated in this study. The fracture behaviour in radial/longitudinal as well as in tangential/longitudinal and the change of the wood colour (CIEL*a*b* colour space) on all principal anatomical surfaces (cross sectional, radial and tangential) were analysed. The specific fracture energy and the maximum breaking load decreased almost significantly after all thermally treated samples in comparison to the untreated (standard dried) sample. The wood colour changed also significantly, in particular the lightness decreased with increasing intensity of thermal treatment on all investigated surfaces. A comparison of the percentage loss of the different fracture and colour values has shown a strong correlation between the maximum breaking load and the lightness after several thermal treatments, in both investigated crack propagation systems, on all measured surfaces and for both analysed species.     

Physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of pyroligneous acid prepared from brushwood biomass waste of Mangosteen,Durian, Rambutan,and Langsat

Physicochemical characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activities of four pyroligneous acids carbonized from the wastes of wood species including Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.), Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), and Langsat (Lansium domesticum Serr.) were assessed. Appearing as transparent liquors with pH 3.9–4.2, the pyroligneous acid samples under test possessed acetic acid (23.22–25.46%) as the dominant component. The total soluble tar, total acid, and water content were 0.15 - 0.28 wt%, 99–192 mg KOH/g and 84.5–93.5 wt%, respectively. Phenolic compounds namely: 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (6.88–9.69%),phenol (2.97–5.88%), 4-methylsyringol (3.10–3.56%), guaiacol (2.36–3.55%), and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (1.08–1.28%) were found. All had in vitro antioxidant activities especially mangosteen pyroligneous acid, which showed activity roughly similar to BHT (P>0.05) against anti-lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide scavenging capacities of all pyroligneous acids were significantly higher than BHT (P<0.05). Our results suggest that pyroligneous acids from the four types of branch waste could be used as sources of beneficial natural antioxidants, possibly as food or feed additives to protect against lipid peroxidation, and potentially also in veterinary medicine in anti-inflammatory products.