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露天煤矿开采项目水土流失量预测——以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟胜利矿区一号露天煤矿为例 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟胜利矿区一号露天煤矿为例,分析了露天煤矿水土流失的成因,划分了水土流失预测单元和预测时段。介绍了该项目水土流失预测的内容和采用的方法,得出了水土流失强度和水土流失量预测的结果。通过分析.揭示出露天煤矿水土流失的危害,为其治理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟胜利矿区一号露天煤矿为例,分析了露天煤矿水土流失的成因,划分了水土流失预测单元和预测时段。介绍了该项目水土流失预测的内容和采用的方法,得出了水土流失强度和水土流失量预测的结果。通过分析,揭示出露天煤矿水土流失的危害,为其治理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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旅游活动对水土流失的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
水土流失是一个全球性环境问题,引发和影响水土流失的因素是多方面的.人类活动更加剧了水土流失的严重程度.随着旅游业的发展,旅游活动对水土流失的影响日趋严重.首先分析了各种旅游活动及相关服务设施对水土流失的不利影响,探讨了旅游活动强度及其对水土流失影响程度的相互关系,建立了旅游活动对水土流失的影响模型,并据此提出了旅游风景区水土流失防治与管理对策. 相似文献
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基于GIS的乌梁素海东岸上游地区水土流失动态变化研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用1985,2000和2011年遥感影像和DEM数据,在GIS软件平台下计算了乌梁素海东岸上游地区各水土流失因子,最终得到3期水土流失强度并进行分级。定量地研究了水土流失强度面积的时空变化和各类型水土流失强度的动态转换,并运用马尔可夫模型预测水土流失动态变化。结果表明,1985-2000,2000-2011年水土流失逐年加剧,27 a来微度水土流失面积减少了717.43 km2,而强烈水土流失面积增加了389.23 km2。水土流失加剧的区域主要集中于乌梁素海东部沿岸、中部农牧区以及风沙区,乌拉山、色尔腾山的水土流失已经逐步减弱。2011-2022年微度和轻度水土流失面积仍在减少,强烈和极强烈水土流失面积仍将扩大。通过研究乌梁素海东部上游水土流失强度的演变,可以更好地掌握区域水土流失时空变化规律,为水土保持与生态环境建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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在介绍桑植县澧水源头区水土流失现状和水土流失防治存在问题的基础上,对造成水土流失的原因进行了分析,提出了搞好源头区水土流失防治的对策。 相似文献
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This paper includes an overview of ecological studies conducted since 1986 in the Ratanica pine-beech forested catchment located in the polluted, high populated southern part of Poland. General characteristics of the catchment (including soil and vegetation, air pollution, input/output of nutrients and pollutants, element budget data and forest health assessment) are presented. Based on biogeochemical and bioindication results, the Ratanica catchment has been classified as a moderately to heavily deteriorated area. Predictions for this forested catchment for various deposition of anthropogenic pollutants, are also disscused. 相似文献
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The extent of catchment impervious surface is recognised to be an important factor associated with the condition of urban freshwater streams. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of catchment imperviousness predicted the relative ecological condition of freshwater reaches within the network of streams and rivers in the partly urbanised Georges River catchment in temperate south-eastern Australia. The 2-year study involved two spring and two autumn assessments of water quality (chemical and physical) and ecological condition, using benthic macroinvertebrates, riparian vegetation and calculation of catchment imperviousness. The study revealed that highly urbanised streams had strongly degraded water quality and macroinvertebrate communities, compared to clean non-urban reference streams. We found three clear groups of sites with varying degrees of ecological condition, being categorised according to the level of catchment effective imperviousness (low <5.0?%, moderate = 5.0?C18.0?% and high >18.0?%). Water pollution also varied according to these categories. A combination of two water chemistry attributes (total nitrogen and calcium), along with catchment imperviousness and riparian vegetation condition, were identified as being the factors most strongly associated with variation of macroinvertebrate communities. Based on our results, we recommend that protection of the ecological condition of streams should focus on not only water quality but also include catchment imperviousness and riparian vegetation condition. 相似文献
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小流域植被覆盖与工程措施因子遥感监测研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
[目的]通过对长江委丹江治理工程重点项目区西河小流域植被覆盖与工程措施因子(CP)进行遥感监测研究,为丹江流域以及长江上游地区水土流失定量检测、土壤侵蚀综合防治和评价提供科学的决策依据。[方法]利用2010年丹江流域商南县西河小流域环境小卫星遥感数据,采用Erdas软件对遥感数据进行处理,得到影像中各类地物植被覆盖度。利用卜兆宏等水土流失定量遥感监测模型(QRSM模型)植被因子与植被覆盖度关系式算法,即用土壤流失量遥感监测植被因子算式开展计算和分析。[结果]西河小流域北部治理区和南部山区植被覆盖和工程措施因子值相当低;在河道两岸有局部区域出现了植被覆盖与工程措施因子高值区,主要是由于该区域居民房屋建筑和道路建设破坏了植被;中部人口集中的区域,治理程度较低,仅有较少区域出现植被覆盖集中连片高值区。[结论]影响水土流失众多客观自然因素中植被覆盖因子的影响最大,另一方面,人类过度开发利用土地资源引起陆地生态系统发生变化,因此研究水土流失应综合考虑地理、自然和经济发展,因地制宜,合理规划,确保经济持续稳定发展和生态安全。 相似文献
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The theoretical and applied fundamentals of soil and water protection, as well as the ecological optimization of agrolandscapes, are developed according to the erosional and hydrological parameters of the latter in the following hierarchical system: a river basin—a balka catchment—an elementary catchment area. The critical status of the land resources and the factors disturbing the agroecosystem stability are assessed. The optimal proportion between the landscape components (the ecological arrangement) is developed; the agroecological grouping of lands and functional models of soil- and water-protective agrolandscapes are proposed. The methodological and calculated standard principles of arranging the agrolandscapes are developed on the basis of shower runoff models. 相似文献
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关于黄土高原径流农业发展的思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
径流农业实质上是增强人工对自然降雨时空分布不均的调控能力,实现高效用水的系列化技术体系。目前黄土高原径流农业的主要类型是控制径流非目标输出、径流在时间和空间上向农田聚集。为了促进黄土高原跨世纪农业发展和生态环境建设,有必要深化对径流农业内涵的认识,分区位科学规划和规范化利用径流资源,把径流利用、粮食生产、结构调整、生态环境建设有机结合起来,以小流域为单元,加强对径流资源网络化利用的系统研究。 相似文献