猕猴桃的组织培养和快速繁殖

１ 植物名称 金魁猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａｖａｒ．Ｊｉｎ Ｋｕｉ）２ 材料类别 嫩茎３ 培养条件 培养基：①ＭＳ＋ＺＴＷ．０ｍｓ／Ｌ；②ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１．０ｍｐ／Ｌ；＠ ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；④１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５～０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ。 蔗糖（市售白砂糖）浓度①～③培养基为３．０％，④培养基为 ２．０％；琼脂浓度为 ０．６５％～０．７０％，ｐＨ５．８～６．０，培养温度 ２５～２８℃，每天光照 １３ｈ，光照强度 １５００～２０００ １Ｘ。４ 生长与分化情况４．１ 愈伤…     

埃斯(Ace)苹果的离体培养及繁殖

埃斯（Ａｃｅ）苹果的离体培养及繁殖１植物名称苹果品种埃斯。２材料类别多年生树茎尖生长点。３培养条件（１）起始培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋３％食用绵白糖；（２）增殖培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／...     

金边富贵竹的茎段培养及试管繁殖

以金边富贵竹带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行试管繁殖,筛选出各培养阶段适宜的培养基分别为：（１）腋芽萌生,ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０－２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋椰子水１０％;（２）丛生芽分化民代,ＭＳ＋ＢＡ３．０－３．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）生根,ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ２．０－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ｇａ３１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋活性碳０．５％。     

用离体培养二倍体×四倍体杂种干种子的异常胚来高效生产三倍体香瓜

将二倍体（２ｘ＝２４；ＧＳＩ和ＡｄＳＩ）和四倍体（４ｘ＝４８；ＧＥ４６和ＡｓＡｄ９）香瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｍｅｌｏＬ．）植株相互杂交。二倍体×四倍体杂种果实有三种类型的种子①子叶发育不完全．②胚乳发育不正常，③空种子四倍体×二倍体杂种的果实仅含空种子一种类型。含异常胚的干种子插入土壤后不萌发，当把从干种子上切下的异常胚离体培养在ＭＳ培养基上时，大约有２０％长成正常小植株，染色体观察表明，这些小植株均为三倍体（３ｘ＝３６）。ＡｎＧＳＩ×ＧＥ４６杂交种和ＡｄＳＩ×ＡｓＡｄ９杂交种的每个果实中得到的三倍体植株数分别为６．８和１７．２。在温室中三倍体植株生长旺盛，但花粉授精能力很低。三倍体植株自交虽不能结实，但用生长调节剂处理后则自交能够结实，三倍体香瓜仅含有空种子。     

几种菊花茎尖培养和移栽技术研究

用ＭＳ基本培养基附加植物生长调节剂，进行菊花离体快速繁殖试验．以茎尖为外植体先在附加不同浓度的植物激素的培养基上进行增殖培养，然后将苗移至生根培养基中进行发根培养。结果表明：诱导不定芽最适的增殖培养基为ＭＳ十６－ＢＡ６ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＧＡ３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋３％糖＋０．７％琼脂；最佳生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋肌醇＋有机物＋１／２Ｆｅ盐＋０．３ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋１．５％糖；移栽以珍珠岩为过渡基质，过渡期短，成活率高。     

河套密瓜体胚发生及植株再生的研究

建立了一个河套密瓜体胚再生的方案,河套蜜瓜子叶在加有２,４－Ｄ（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＮＡＡ（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＢＡ（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）和葡萄糖（３％）的培养基上先暗培养１周,然后转到光,第３周转移到不加任何激素的ＭＳ培养基中,继续在１６ｈ光周期、２５℃下培养,得到成熟体胚后,拨离下来转移到新鲜ＭＳ培养基中继续萌发生长。     

油梨种质的离体低温保存

以哈斯油梨（ＰｅｒｓｅａａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａＭｉｌｌｃｖ．Ｈａｓｓ）为试材，从试管苗下胚轴诱导产生愈伤组织，研究了愈伤组织的离体低温保存技术。结果表明，采用８℃低温，愈伤组织能在ＭＳ＋１．０ｍｇ·１~(-１)２，４一Ｄ＋３％椰乳＋３％蔗糖固体培养基中保存６个月；在培养基中添加０．４ｍｇ·１~(-１)多效唑能减少继代次数，使保存期延长至８个月。     

低温处理对杏胚培养的影响

通过将硬熟期的杏胚接种到ＭＳ或１／２ＭＳ培养基中经过不同时间的低温处理，结果表明：杏与桃等果树一样，其胚培养过程也需一定的低温处理才可使之正常前发生长成苗、低温处理的最佳时期为８０—９０天，其胚萌发率与成苗率分别为９５％和９５．９％（二年平均）。另外，杏胚在１／２ＭＳ培养基中比在ＭＳ培养基中萌芽、成苗率高。     

分葱组织培养体细胞胚胎发生的研究

利用分葱茎尖培养成功地诱导了体细胞胚胎发生。具体步骤如下：Ⅰ．在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上诱导愈伤组织；Ⅱ．在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上进行愈伤组织的继代培养，继代培养３次以后，转变为胚性愈伤组织；Ⅲ．在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上进行胚状体的诱导；Ⅳ．在无任何激素的ＭＳ培养基上使胚状体再生植株。切片观察表明，胚状体大多数起源于愈伤组织表层及其以下细胞。     

洋葱在产籽时期的耐盐性

在用ＮａＣｌ、Ｎａ２Ｓｏ４、ＮｇＭ１２和ＭｇＳＯ４人工盐化了的花盆里研究了洋葱产籽时期的耐盐性。当土壤含盐量值分别超过４．０ｄＳｍ－１和６．０ｄＳｍ－１时，洋葱鳞茎的发芽率和营养生长下降。土壤含盐量（ＥＣｅ）每提高１单位（ｄＳｍ－１），洋葱种子产量则以６％的速率降低。在含盐量为８．１０ｄＳｍ－１时，洋葱种子产量与一个未盐化的对照比减少５０％。在盐渍状态下，种子千粒重仍不受影响。含盐量对种子发芽无不良作用。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.