牛羊过冬饲料的准备

我国长江流域和北方地区的枯草季节漫长,饲草饲料的相对短缺严重影响牛羊生长与存活,给畜牧生产造成很大危害。因此,要在秋季做好干草储备与调制。一、牧区饲草储备1．把握收获时机。收割牧草时一定要掌握好时机,既要考虑牧草的产量,又要兼顾牧草各种营养物质的变化,还要考虑牧草刈割时间对牧草再生及对下年度产量的影响。一般来说,豆科牧草在     

西藏“一江两河”地区紫花苜蓿生产性能灰色关联综合评价

针对西藏"一江两河"高海拔地区豆科牧草种植需求,应用灰色关联综合分析,用总生长高度、茎叶比、鲜干比、越冬率、鲜草产量等指标构建品种评价模型,对20个国内外紫花苜蓿品种在该地区的生产性能进行比较,结果表明参试品种中的综合表现较好的有‘雷西斯’、‘苜蓿王’、‘中兰1号’、‘德宝’、‘赛特’等品种,而‘阿尔冈金’、‘杜普梯’、‘皇后’、‘博勒维’等品种生产性能较低。评价指标中所占的权重顺序为茎叶比总生长高度鲜干比越冬率鲜草产量。     

以无机元素为特征指标的太和贡椿指纹图谱研究

以4种常量元素和4种微量元素为特征指标,研究了其基本含量,在国标方法的基础上进行了改进,建立了原子吸收分光光度法测定K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu的测定方法,指出太和贡椿中矿物元素含量丰度依次为K,Na,Ca,Zn,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu;并与其他产地的香椿进行了差异性分析,为太和贡椿建立以矿物元素为参数的特征指纹图谱,提供了借鉴。     

德钦苜蓿品比试验报告

以阿尔冈金为对照品种,对德钦苜蓿进行了品种比较试验。结果表明：德钦苜蓿生育天数为233～246天。在3个试验点种植,越冬率平均为95.3%,与对照品种阿尔冈金（均值77.4%）差异显著（P<0.05）。德钦苜蓿和阿尔冈金三年3个试验点的平均株高分别为38.2 cm和27.1 cm,差异极显著（P<0.01）。其生长速度也与阿尔冈金差异极显著（P<0.01）。2004年三个试验点德钦苜蓿的茎叶比均显著低于阿尔冈金（P<0.05）,2005年、2006年均极显著低于阿尔冈金（P<0.01）。产量测定结果表明,三年各试验点德钦苜蓿鲜草、干草产量均极显著高于阿尔冈金（P<0.01）。营养成分分析表明,德钦苜蓿在初花期和盛花期粗干物质含量分别达25.73%和28.04%,蛋白含量分别达24.50%和19.41%,体外干物质消化率分别为68.03%和66.56%,其营养品质已经达到了1级水平。抗性分析表明,德钦苜蓿能较好地适应高温高湿环境,耐贫瘠。因而从引种的角度看,德钦苜蓿适应性强、高产、优质、适口性好,是一种值得在迪庆州推广种植的优良牧草。     

狼尾草属牧草品种在山东的生长表现

为丰富山东省适栽牧草种类，从南方引种5个狼尾草属牧草品种，连续开展2个生产周期的田间试验，观测其生长特性、产量及品质，用灰色关联度法进行综合评价，筛选出本地区最佳适栽品种。结果显示，在多茬刈割情况下，参试品种间各茬草的叶、茎比重及叶茎比差异大，株高差异不明显，其中紫色象草(RED)叶比重和叶茎比最大，‘热研4号’王草(RY4)、‘桂闽引’象草(GMY)和‘桂牧1号’杂交象草(GM1)茎比重较大。各参试品种平均全年鲜、干草产量分别为120.36、20.20 t/hm²，其中GMY、巨菌草(JJC)和GM1全年鲜、干草产量较其他参试品种高。参试品种各茬草CP含量均高于11%，品种间差异不显著(P>0.05),NDF、ADF和ADL含量在多数茬次内品种间的差异也不显著(P>0.05)。灰色关联度分析显示，GM1、GMY和RED产量和品质综合表现较好，适合在本地区推广种植。     

刈割时期对不同类型牧草产量和品质的影响

文章对8个不同类型牧草品种在呼和浩特地区不同刈割期的产量和品质进行研究,结果表明,苜蓿的最佳刈割期是初花期,其鲜、干草产量最高;禾本科牧草的最佳刈割期是盛花期. 8个牧草品种在盛花期刈割鲜草年产量显著高于现蕾期.苜蓿品种年鲜、干草产量间差异不显著,但均明显高于禾本科牧草.粗蛋白年产量,苜蓿以现蕾期刈割最高,禾本科牧草盛花期刈割最高.粗脂肪年产量,苜蓿以例花期刈割最高,禾本科牧草则以盛花期刈割时较高.同期相比,苜蓿的蛋白和脂肪产量均高于禾本科牧草.综合产量和品质表现认为,紫花苜蓿FGC-301、FGE-201及无芒雀麦适合在呼和浩特地区推广种植.     

龙船花各器官中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对龙船花各部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的含量进行测定分析,为龙船花的生产实践及综合开发利用提供基础数据。结果表明,10种金属元素在各部位中的含量（平均值）高低顺序为：K＞Ca＞Na＞Mg/Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni。同种元素在龙船花各部位的含量存在不同程度的差异。所测龙船花各部位中的Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni的含量多数在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,K、Mg和Mn元素含量略低于一般植物含量,Cr元素含量略高于一般植物含量。     

不同饲用玉米品种产量及青贮品质比较分析

为筛选出适宜安徽省种植的饲用玉米品种,进行了10个饲用玉米品种的产量及青贮品质比较研究。结果表明：品种间产量和青贮品质存在显著差异。其中,‘玉草3号’的产量最高,YA473182的产量仅次于‘玉草3号’;YA473182的氨态氮(NH3-N)含量略低于‘玉草3号’,乳酸(LA)含量显著高于‘玉草3号’,发酵品质较好;YA473182的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量及粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于其他品种,且中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量相对较少,饲用品质较好。综合考虑各玉米品种的产量及青贮品质,YA473182和‘玉草3号’最适合安徽省种植利用,‘瑞德2号’和‘豫青3230’也有推广价值。     

春箭筈豌豆生长动态及收割期的研究

为了研究春箭筈豌豆的生长发育和营养变化动态规律,了解其最佳刈割期,以春箭筈豌豆5-1-5品系为材料,研究了春箭筈豌豆株高、生长速度、物质积累、产量组成及其构成因子的变化规律,并对其营养价值进行了评定。结果表明,春箭筈豌豆生长动态符合Logistic 模型,苗期生长缓慢,分枝后期-现蕾期生长最快,是营养体产量形成的关键时期;生物量和茎/叶比值,从分枝后期开始逐渐增加,但适口性和营养价值降低;鲜草和干草产量分别在结荚期和成熟后期达到高峰,结荚期鲜草产量、CP、CA、CF、EE、NFE、TDN产量分别为17.2、0.5、0.33、1.29、0.11、2.17、2.73 t/hm2;成熟后期干草产量、CP、CA、CF、EE、NFE、TDN产量分别为4.71、0.41、0.34、1.40、0.10、2.49、2.83 t/hm2。综合分析认为,播种后76~88 天左右是春箭筈豌豆的最佳刈割期。在饲草实际生产中,春箭筈豌豆应在开花至结荚初期进行收割。     

晋北高寒区不同燕麦品种生长特性比较研究

为了解中国燕麦品种生长特性的整体表现,收集了近年来国内燕麦主产区7 个燕麦样品,比较了其重要营养组成及品种间的差异,并初步筛选了燕麦优良品种。2014 年在山西大同地区,对7 种燕麦品种的物候期、株高、分蘖数、产量等考种指标等进行比较研究。综合分析各指标可知,不同燕麦品种在大同试验点的饲草和籽粒产量差异较大,其中‘坝莜13 号’籽粒产量为3.22 t/hm2,与其他品种间差异显著（除‘坝莜14 号’外）(P＜0.05),最适于进行籽粒生产;‘燕科2 号’和‘白燕11 号’的干草产量分别为51.96 t/hm2和49.54 t/hm2,与其他品种间差异显著(P＜0.05),最适于进行饲草生产。     

磷肥用量对番茄产量、磷素利用及土壤有效磷的影响

在高投入高产出的现代耕作制度下,探讨磷肥用量对番茄产量的影响,为获得最佳磷肥用量提供依据。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,对黄瓜-番茄轮作磷肥定位试验进行研究,番茄季研究结果表明：磷肥施用有利于提高番茄果实产量和品质,有利于提高果实和整株的干物质量、磷含量和磷累积量。磷表观利用率随磷肥用量增加显著降低;当P2O5用量大于225 kg/hm2时,土壤Olsen-P 和进入土壤中的肥料磷增加,增加了磷淋溶风险。结果得出：若以追求产量为研究目的,则以P2O5用量300 kg/hm2为宜;若以产量为主,兼顾磷淋溶,则以P2O5用量225 kg/hm2为宜;若以磷淋溶为主,兼顾产量,以P2O5用量150 kg/hm2为宜。     

Physiological Mechanism of Different Varieties and Potassium Application Amounts on Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt

[Objective] It has theoretical guiding significance for the comprehensive control technology of Verticillium wilt of cotton to explore the effect of potassium nutrition on mechanism of cotton Verticillium wilt resistance under the condition of pathogen stress of Verticillium dahliae. [Method] Three cotton cultivars Jimian 11 (JM-11 as susceptible cultivar), Zhongzhimian 2 (ZZM-2 as control cultivar), Nongda 601 (ND-601 as resistant cultivar) were adopted, and each cultivar had 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg· hm－2 potassium levels represented by K0, K75, K150, K225, K300. Two factors split plot experiment was designed under artificial nursery inoculated Verticillium dahlia, to observe disease index of Verticillium wilt, and researched resistance associated substances content and enzyme activity. [Result] (1) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activity in leaves or roots of JM-11 were more greatly influenced by Verticillium wilt compared with ZZM-2, ND-601; the crucial disease resistance substances and enzymes were lignin, total phenol and PAL for JM-11, total phenol for ZZM-2 and ND-601. (2) The lignin, total phenol contents and POD, PAL activities of JM-11 were more sensitive to root potassium than ND-601, but weaker than that of ZZM-2. The sensitivity of POD, PAL activities in functional leaves of JM-11 to potassium were more sensitive than ND-601 and ZZM-2. (3) The best effect of potash fertilizer for relieving disease index for JM-11, ZZM-2, ND-601 were 32.5%, 26.4%, 16.5%, and corresponding potassium application amounts were 290.5 kg·hm－2, 253.5 kg·hm－2 and 229.5 kg·hm－2, respectively. [Conclusion] Application of potassium could increase the resistance to Verticillium wilt and reduce the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt.     

砜嘧磺隆在烤烟生产中的应用及安全性评价

为指导化学除草剂砜嘧磺隆在烤烟生产上的应用,在旺长初期,采取烟株茎叶定向喷雾的方法,研究砜嘧磺隆施用后烤烟的药害,评价其安全性,筛选奈安、芸苔素内脂2种保护剂与砜嘧磺隆混施,开展保护性试验。试验结果表明,25%碸嘧磺隆会对烤烟快速产生最高7级程度的药害,但药害症状表现期较短,施药10天后基本消失,15天后全部消失,烟株恢复正常生长,成熟期的烟叶无药剂残留。2种保护剂可对砜嘧磺隆产生的药害起到一定缓解修复作用;奈安保护剂使用效果优于芸苔素内酯,但两者对直接接触到药液的叶片影响效果修复不显著;2种保护剂降低了砜嘧磺隆对杂草的防效和持效期。在烟叶生产活动中砜嘧磺隆施用的有效浓度以50~58.3 mg/kg为宜,一旦发现烟株有明显的药害症状表现,即可喷施奈安或芸苔素内酯进行保护性修复。     

不同运输方式对生菜采后生理的影响

为研究运输方式对生菜采后生理及保鲜效果的影响,以‘橡生2号’生菜为研究对象,选择3种常见的运输方式:保温箱包装常温运输(A)、保温箱加制冷剂包装在常温下运输(B)、PE包装袋加纸箱包装在0℃下运输(C)进行试验。结果表明,采用C方式在0℃冷藏条件下运输的生菜,其失重率和呼吸强度均低于另外2组,VC含量和感官评价高于另外2组。因此在运输时间在12 h内可以采用A方式运输,在24 h内可以采用B方式运输,如超过24 h则最好使用C方式运输来保证生菜的货架期及品质。     

中国液态地膜的应用、研究与展望

回顾了液态地膜的发展历程,简述了国内五代液态地膜各自的生产材料,总结了液态地膜的应用对象、应用范围以及应用效果,充分表明了液态地膜可适用于大多数作物,适用地域之广,并可显著提高作物产量、土壤温度、水分含量和水分利用效率,有效减少水土流失和“白色污染”,改善农田生态环境,推动了国内绿色农业可持续发展的进程。同时也指出了液态地膜在使用过程中存在的问题,仍需科技工作者对液态地膜的喷施环境、喷施浓度、持久性和完整性等继续研究,不断升级换代,获得更佳效果。最后提出了废弃资源再生液态地膜的发展设想,液态地膜覆盖集成技术的研发趋势。     

Isolation and Characterization of GhLEA3 Gene from Upland Cotton and Its Expression in Response to Low Temperature Stress

[Objective] Based on the analysis of cotton GhLEA3 gene structure and its expression model in chilling stress, we investigated the resistance function of GhLEA3 in response to cold stress. [Method] We cloned GhLEA3 from upland cotton by homologous sequence cloning way. We analyzed the properties of the GhLEA3, and constructed phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics analysis. We constructed the transient expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP by In-Fusion connection technology and studied the subcellular localization of GhLEA3. The expression of GhLEA3 gene in leaves of TM-1 at three-leaf stage under low temperature stress treatments (4 ℃, 24 h) was performed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated floral dipping method was used to transform the gene with expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP into Arabidopsis thaliana wild type. Low temperature germination experiment at 4 ℃ was conducted to verify germination ability of the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana T₃ seed. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were treated at 4 ℃(low temperature), and all the leaves were taken to measure their electrical conductivity. [Result] The coding sequence of GhLEA3 gene is 1 218 bp, which encodes 405 amino acids. GhLEA3 protein includes 4 functional domains of PF02987. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of amino acid sequences between upland cotton GhLEA3 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtLEA3 was 52.6%. GhLEA3 might be mainly localized in vacuoles and small vesicles. GhLEA3 was up-regulated in leaves after low temperature treatment. The germination rate of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana of T₃ generation at low temperature was significantly higher than that of wild type, and its electrical conductivity of leaves after low temperature treatment was significantly lower than that of wild type. [Conclusion] GhLEA3 belonged to the member of LEA3 family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GhLEA3 had the closest relationship with AtLEA3. GhLEA3 was induced by low temperature stress and may play an important role in improving cold resistance.     

Research Advance on Rockburst Theory and Its Engineering Application in Collieries

This paper summarizes and describes the progress in coal rockmass outburst theory in resent decades both at home and abroad,discusses the tendency of mechanism of rockburst,and gives a fullier review about the presently adopted prediction methods and preventive measures,simultaneously looks into the prospective development on the study of prediction and preventive measures and its practical applications.     

不同接穗长度和栽种时间对杨梅嫁接成活率及生长量影响的研究

为提高杨梅嫁接成活率和接穗利用率,2014年开展了不同接穗长度、不同栽种时间对杨梅嫁接成活率和生长量影响的研究。结果表明,杨梅嫁接后6d、12d栽种的,5--6㎝短穗嫁接的成活率达87%和88%,略低于8-12㎝长穗嫁接的89%和90%,二者差异不极显著;嫁接后6d、12d栽种的成活达87%-90%,极显著高于嫁接后1d栽种的20.2%-21%。研究认为,在嫁接后遇下雨天气,根据天气情况,在接后6d-12d内选择晴天栽种,可显著提高成活率;在接穗紧缺时采用短穗嫁接,可大大提高接穗利用率。     

Evolutionary and comparative analyses of the soybean genome

The soybean genome assembly has been available since the end of 2008. Significant features of the genome include large, gene-poor, repeat-dense pericentromeric regions, spanning roughly 57% of the genome sequence; a relatively large genome size of ~1.15 billion bases; remnants of a genome duplication that occurred ~13 million years ago (Mya); and fainter remnants of older polyploidies that occurred ~58 Mya and >130 Mya. The genome sequence has been used to identify the genetic basis for numerous traits, including disease resistance, nutritional characteristics, and developmental features. The genome sequence has provided a scaffold for placement of many genomic feature elements, both from within soybean and from related species. These may be accessed at several websites, including http://www.phytozome.net, http://soybase.org, http://comparative-legumes.org, and http://www.legumebase.brc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp. The taxonomic position of soybean in the Phaseoleae tribe of the legumes means that there are approximately two dozen other beans and relatives that have undergone independent domestication, and which may have traits that will be useful for transfer to soybean. Methods of translating information between species in the Phaseoleae range from design of markers for marker assisted selection, to transformation with Agrobacterium or with other experimental transformation methods.     

豌豆氮磷钾肥效研究

为探明豌豆生产中氮磷钾肥最优化施肥参数,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计肥料效应试验方案,利用沙培基质盆栽试验对豌豆品种科豌6号的氮磷钾肥料效应进行了研究,明确了豌豆对氮磷钾的真实需求量,并筛选适宜的肥料配方。结果表明：适宜氮磷钾肥用量及其配施能显著改善豌豆的经济性状,提高豌豆产量。氮和钾是限制豌豆产量的主要养分因子,施氮钾的增产效果明显,其次是磷。通过建立肥料与产量效应函数方程并结合经济效益分析得出,豌豆的最高产量施肥量为N 160.35kg/hm ²、P₂O₅ 124.35kg/hm ²、K₂O 57.45kg/hm ²,最大效益施肥量为N 169.95kg/hm ²、P₂O₅ 4.50kg/hm ²、K₂O 21.15kg/hm ²。因此,科豌6号施肥时要重施氮肥,适配磷钾肥。