高含油量双低甘蓝型油菜新品种浙双72

选用高产品种宁油七号为母本，双低品种马努为父本，杂交育成高产、高含油量、油用和菜用双低油菜新品种浙双72。浙江省油菜区试平均产量2059.4kg/hm^2，比对照九二58系和浙优油2号增产12％以上。原种芥酸含量0.67%，硫甙含量22.73μmol/g，含油量43.52%。     

选育高含油量双低油菜品种的理论与实践

含油量作为油菜生产最终目标性状产油量的组成因素,与油菜生产效益的提高息息相关。在目前我国 油菜产量水平已得到相当程度提高的前提下,培育高含油量油菜品种是进一步发展油菜产业的必由之路。根据油 菜含油量的遗传特点,结合培育高含油量杂交油菜品种中油杂8号和中油杂11的体会,提出了除了利用黄籽以 外,培育大粒和适宜植株形态性状的品种也是提高油菜含油量的重要途径。初步构建了高含油量油菜品种的形态 组成,并基于近年来参加和通过国家区域试验的冬油菜品种含油量变化情况,展望了我国高含油量油菜育种的发 展前景。     

施硼对双低油菜经济性状、产量和含油量的影响

在粘盘黄褐土上进行双低油菜３２４品种施硼量（０－１．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ土）的田间试验。结果表明，在０—０．７ｍｇ硼用量范围内，土壤水溶性硼及有效分枝、每株角数、每角粒数和菜籽产量随施硼量增加而显著提高，油菜籽脂肪含量有增加趋势；当硼用量大于０．７ｍｇ时，则随施硼量增加而下降。     

栽培因子对油菜含油量的影响

2005-2007年在长沙采用二次正交旋转组合设计研究了氮、磷、钾、硫、柠檬酸、油菜素内酯对油菜含油量的作用效果。单因素效应分析表明,氮肥施用量与含油量呈线性负相关,磷肥、钾肥施用量与含油量都呈二次曲线负相关。在一定范围内,施用磷肥、钾肥有利于油菜含油量的提高,过量则降低含油量;硫肥施用量与含油量相关性随试验地硫含量的不同而不同。本试验条件下,在低氮、中磷、中钾水平下可以获得较高的含油量：2006年试验中当氮、磷、钾、硫的纯用量分别为0,112．5,112．5,60kg／hm^2时获得最高含油量45．87%;2007年试验中当氮、磷、钾的纯用量分别为0,112．5,112．5kg／hm^2时获得最高含油量44．08％。油菜素内酯和柠檬酸的效果不显著,可能与施用时期和施用量有关。     

甘蓝型油菜高含油量种质选育研究

以种子含油量达到50%为主攻目标,自1998年以来采用品种间杂交和系统育种相结合的方法,以含油量起点较高的群体为选择对象,运用种子含油量的正向选择与种皮色泽负向选择相结合的筛选技术,育成了HOC1、HOC2和HOC3等3个种子含油量达到50%的甘蓝型油菜新种质。其年度间含油量性状较为稳定,综合性状良好。同时还比较了同一遗传背景下高、低油分品系角果皮与种子油分积累的差异,高含油量品系角果皮具有较强的油份积累与转移效率。     

甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传研究

采用7×7双列杂交设计,研究了甘蓝型油菜含油量的基因作用和其它遗传参数,以及含油量与其它农艺性状、品质性状的关系。结果表明:含油量的遗传符合加性—显性遗传模型,有关基因在亲本中呈独立分布;显性指向增效,表现超显性作用;亲本中显性基因比隐性基因多,增效基因比减效基因的频率大;控制含油量并表现显性的基因约为4组;含油量的广义和狭义遗传力分别为81.16％和30.90％。单相关和逐步回归分析一致表明,单株产量、每角粒数、主花序长度和株高对含油量有较强正向作用,但角果长度和全株总角果数的作用为负。本文还讨论了基因作用分析在探讨配合力的基因效应成分和杂种优势产生的可能原因中的意义,及其在选择中的应用。     

油菜种子含油量相关的脂肪酶基因BnSDP1克隆与表达分析

通过电子延伸和RACE (cDNA末端快速扩增) 克隆得到一个与油菜种子含油量相关的脂肪酶基因,命名为BnSDP1,其开放阅读框为2 472bp,编码分子量为92kD的蛋白,预测等电点为6.75,具有保守的patatin结构域,跨膜域位于N端和中间,序列分析显示BnSDP1拥有GXSXG脂肪酶的基本特征序列GSSVG。利用RT-PCR技术分析发现,在种子发育的成熟期（即脱水期）,BnSDP1在低油品系种子中的转录水平高于高油品系,在根、茎、叶、花中均有表达,但在根和叶片中表达量高,在根中尤其显著,且受蔗糖诱导上调表达。     

诱发甘蓝型油菜含油量突变的研究

用~(60)coγ射线照射油菜干种子,诱发含油量突变。结果指出:交变体间含油量的极差达6.99％,世代间的相关性达显著或极显著,亲本含油量对后代含油量的突变影响明显,并初步选育出一批比现有推广品种高5％—7％的高油分品系。     

蓖麻种子含油量与主要数量性状的相关及通径分析

以19个蓖麻品种为材料,对蓖麻种子含油量与主要数量性状进行相关及通径分析.结果表明:含油量除与生育期呈显著负相关外,与其它主要农艺性状间相关均不显著,而与籽粒自身的性状之间有着显著的相关,其中容重对籽粒含油量的直接通径系数最大,应在亲本选配和后代选择过程中作为一个主要因素考虑.在提高产量的同时注重选择籽粒容重大、籽粒短、生育期适中的类型对提高含油量有积极的作用.     

Relationship between seed size and protein content in newly developed high protein lines of pigeonpea

To develop high protein lines, several crosses were made betweenCajanus as a source of acceptable seed size andAtylosia as a source of high protein. In the present study, 1974 single F7 plants from these intergeneric crosses were examined. Correlation coefficients among these crosses between seed size and seed protein content ranged from ?0.30, (P<0.01) to +0.28 (P<0.01). Two crosses had significant negative correlations and one showed a significant positive correlation while in the remaining two no significant association was detected. Based on all the selections there was a highly significant negative correlation (?0.13,P<0.01) between seed size and protein content. However, the extent of variation that could be attributed to this association was small. Observations indicated that in pigeonpea, unlike other legume and cereal crops, simultaneous improvement can be made for seed size and protein. Some high protein lines (HPL 2, HPL 7, HPL 40, and HPL 51) have been identified. Protein content of these lines ranged between 27.0 and 29.0% and 100-grain weight between 10.0 and 12.1 g.     

高含油量油菜种子和果皮油份积累及主要脂肪酸的动态变化

以高含油量油菜品系为材料,研究角果发育过程中种子和果皮油份积累与主要脂肪酸的动态变化。结果表明：高含油量品种在角果发育早期油份的合成与积累较为缓慢,开花后20d种子含油率仅占成熟种子油份含量的8.35%-12.32%,角果发育中期是油份含量增加最快的时期,开花后40d种子含油率占成熟种子油份含量的72.89%-94.73%,籽粒成熟时油份含量达到最大值。果皮的油份积累与种子相反,随角果发育油份含量依次下降,两者呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.95。种子和果皮的二十碳烯酸、芥酸合成规律明显不同。种子的7种主要脂肪酸组成中芥酸和二十碳烯酸与16碳、18碳脂肪酸含量均呈负相关,亚麻酸和亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量均呈正相关,与油酸含量H2和H27为正相关,H1和H28为负相关。而油酸与其它脂肪酸的相关关系较为复杂,与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸、亚麻酸的相关关系有正相关,也有负相关,可见油酸的合成与积累不仅与棕榈酸、硬脂酸有关,还会影响亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量,这是创新油菜高油酸材料的基础。     

油用亚麻种质间各脂肪酸含量差异的相关分析

本试验利用气相色谱法测定了不同亚麻酸含量的油用亚麻品种(系)和杂交后代的籽粒各种脂肪酸含量,并且对各种种质的脂肪酸含量相关关系进行了分析,发现在亚麻酸含量差异大的（含突变基因的材料）种质间亚麻酸与亚油酸的相关系数较稳定（ r=-0.9911±0.0036）,亚麻酸与油酸的相关系数为r=0.7808±0.0502,这种显著的相关关系可以用于育种工作中的间接选择。在我国普通型的遗传基础稳定的普通亚麻品种（系）间或仅在突变型品系间进行相关分析,18碳不饱和脂肪酸含量的相关系数均不显著。     

Profiling and geographical distribution of seed oil content of sunflower in Ukraine

The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces. Nevertheless, the amount of sunflower seed oil – a key factor for the crushing industry – is affected by genotype and environment, which sometimes is difficult to predict. The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine, highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop, the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the pros...     

微胚乳超高油玉米子粒含油率的主基因+多基因遗传分析

微胚乳超高油玉米是一种专用型油料玉米,具有很好的应用前景。选择两个微胚乳超高油玉米组合,通过P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2 六世代联合分析法,研究分析其子粒含油率的遗传规律。结果表明,2个组合子粒含油率的遗传均符合2对主基因+多基因遗传模型。组合Ⅰ主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2分别为69.00%、35.03%和68.99%,多基因遗传率分别为14.91%、46.97%和17.70%。组合Ⅱ 主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2分别为46.80%,42.92%和48.25%,多基因遗传率分别为29.41%、34.76%和35.91%。     

芝麻种子木质素组分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量及相关性分析

对我国芝麻育成品种及高代品系共48份种子的主要品质成分粗脂肪和粗蛋白质及芝麻特有成分木质素(Lignan)组分芝麻明(Sesamin)、芝麻酚(Sesamol)和芝麻林酚(Sesamolin)的含量进行了分析.结果表明粗脂肪含量平均值为57.78%;木质素总量均值为0.829%,变幅为0.266%～1.278%,其中主要组分是芝麻明,平均含量为0.593%,筛选出一批优异种质资源.粗脂肪与粗蛋白质含量间呈极显著负相关,与芝麻明呈显著正相关,芝麻明与芝麻林酚呈极显著正相关,粗蛋白质与芝麻酚呈显著正相关.     

Determination of selection criteria for seed yield and seed oil content in Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis variety ethiopica)

The magnitude of relationships among different traits is important in plant breeding programs to identify the best selection criteria and improve the efficiency of selection. This study was conducted to determine relationships between seed yield and seed oil content with other important agronomic traits among 36 diverse accessions of Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis variety ethiopica), a potentially novel industrial oilseed crop. Field evaluations were conducted during 2005, 2006 and 2007 at the Limpopo Province in South Africa using a partially balanced lattice design. Simple correlation and path analysis were performed to identify the best selection criteria for increased seed yield and seed oil content. Simple correlation and path analyses revealed that the formation of productive primary heads strongly associated with increased seed yield (r_g = 0.81, p < 0.001). Furthermore, path analysis indicated selection for increased number of primary heads would bring about simultaneous and favorable change towards reduced days to maturity and shorter plant height. Further associational study of traits with seed oil content showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between oil content with 1000 seed weight (r_g = 0.4). The path analysis, however, exposed seed yield followed by 1000 seed weight with significant direct effect on seed oil content. The study demonstrated that selection for increased number of productive primary heads is the principal selection criterion to improve seed yield. Whereas selection for 1000 seed weight and increased seed yield serve as major selection criteria to achieve increased oil content in V. galemanesis.     

脉冲核磁共振仪在大豆含油量测定中的应用

用脉冲核磁共振仪建立大豆含油量核磁共振法测定标准曲线,并进行408份大豆含油量的分析。脉冲核磁共振仪测定与国家标准索氏抽提法测定结果的相关系数r=0.9896,标准曲线为y=0.9632x 0.7937。与索氏抽提法相比,具有简便快速、安全、不损伤种子且不需烘干样品等优点。在大豆品种改良、收购及加工利用和进出口贸易等领域具有广阔的应用前景。