苎麻主要品质性状研究进展

苎麻纤维的细度、强力、断裂强度、均匀度、结晶度是衡量苎麻纤维品质优劣的几项主要指标.本文就苎麻主要品质性状的研究方法、进展及遗传改良进行概述,并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了讨论.     

苎麻主要品质性状相互关系的研究

苎麻纤维细度、细度均匀度、断裂强力、强度、伸长率及结晶度等品质性状是影响苎麻品质及其可纺性的几项主要因素。本文对30个苎麻品种的主要品质性状进行了研究,并利用断裂强力与纤维直径之间的极显著相关性,建立断裂强力依直径的回归方程：y=-1．887＋1．756x。     

苎麻主要品质性状相互关系的研究

苎麻纤维细度、细度均匀度、断裂强力、强度、伸长率及结晶度等品质性状是影响苎麻品质及其可纺性的几项主要因素.本文对30个苎麻品种的主要品质性状进行了研究,并利用断裂强力与纤维直径之间的极显著相关性,建立断裂强力依直径的回归方程y=-1.887+1.756x.     

苎麻炭疽菌研究进展

苎麻是中国重要的纤维作物,炭疽病是影响苎麻纤维产量和品质的重要病害之一.文章参考国内苎麻炭疽菌的研究资料,结合作者的研究结果,对苎麻炭疽病的症状、炭疽病菌的分类地位、病原菌分类鉴定、生物学特性等方面进行综述.国内外有关苎麻炭疽病的研究报道较少,开展苎麻炭疽菌病原种类及优势种群、遗传多样性、致病力机理的研究,将有助于掌握...     

苎麻叶面施肥研究进展

作物叶面施肥是补充营养元素和改善品质的一种重要手段,对苎麻进行叶面施肥不但可以及时改善缺素症状,还能提高原麻产量、改善纤维品质.苎麻叶面肥料大致可以分为营养型肥料、调节型肥料和益菌型肥料.本文介绍了三类叶面肥料对苎麻生长发育的影响以及苎麻叶面施肥的方法,并对今后苎麻叶面肥研究方向进行了展望.     

冬闲地套种蔬菜及蔬菜废弃物还田对苎麻的影响

对榨菜、莴苣和豌豆与苎麻套种后,不同套种模式及蔬菜废弃物还田对苎麻的主要农艺性状、纤维产量和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,套种蔬菜可以显著提高苎麻的纤维产量,但蔬菜废弃物还田对苎麻生长有影响,对苎麻的农艺性状和产量有降低作用。不同蔬菜套种对苎麻影响不同,产量表现为苎麻/豌豆〉苎麻/莴苣〉苎麻/榨菜。套种对不同季别的苎麻影响也不同,对头麻影响最大,二麻次之,三麻影响最小。套种和蔬菜废弃物还田对苎麻纤维断裂强力和纤维支数的影响较小。     

苎麻纤维细胞发育特征与纤维产量,品质的关系

苎麻纤维是我国重要的纺织原料。纤维细胞生长发育的好坏直接关系到纤维产量和品质,影响纤维的纺织价值。现根据有关资料,对苎麻纤维细胞发育特征与纤维产量、品质的关系谈一些粗浅的看法,以期引起更深入的研究,为苎麻纤维生产和纺织利用提供理论依据。一、纤维细胞发育的基本特征 1.纤维细胞发育的一般过程成熟的苎麻纤维实质上就是一些狭长的、没有生活内容物的厚壁组织细胞。苎麻纤维细胞发育是指一个厚壁组织细胞分     

苎麻品种资源纤维品质鉴定报告

苎麻原产我国，品种资源非常丰富，现巳调查发现的地方品种就有将近八百份，这是苎麻育种、生产和进行理论研究的宝贵物质基础。我国苎麻品种资源的纤维品质状况怎样?苎麻纤维品质又受哪些因素的影响?这是生产、供销、麻纺和科研各部门共同关心的问题。为了弄清上述问题，     

苎麻纤维支数的不确定度评定

通过对苎麻纤维支数测定过程中各种影响因素的分析，找出各影响因素的分量，进行测量不确定度的评定，从而明确影响苎麻纤维支数测定结果准确度的主要原因，根据测定结果来判定苎麻纤维品质优劣更加可信，更有实际意义。     

苎麻品种资源纤维品质鉴定报告

苎麻原产我国,品种资源非常丰富,现已调查发现的地方品种就有将近八百份,这是苎麻育种、生产和进行理论研究的宝贵物质基础。我国苎麻品种资源的纤维品质状况怎样?苎麻纤维品质又受哪些因素的影响?这是生产、供销、麻纺和科研各部     

A joint influence of the distributions of fiber length and fineness on the strength efficiency of the fibers in yarn

The length and fineness of fibers are critical to the strength of yarns. Much research has been conducted on the issue in the past decades. Zeidman and Sawhney introduced a new parameter called strength efficiency (SE) of fibers in a yarn using an elaborate probabilistic method. Their final formula, a non-dimensional measure, describes the influence of the fiber length distribution on the strength of yarn. The result, however, is based on the assumption that the fibers are identical in all respects including their cross-sectional area. The influence of fiber fineness can not be seen in their formula. In fact the joint influence of fiber length and fineness is rarely studied. We derive a new strength efficiency of the joint influence of fiber length and fineness on the basis of Zeidman’s result. The conclusion is helpful to the understanding of the comprehensive influence of fiber length and fineness on the strength of yarn. Furthermore, we give a plausible method to estimate the critical length defined by Zeidman. The result can be applied to the research of the properties between fibers and yarns.     

Evaluation of the fineness of degummed bast fibers

Fiber fineness characteristics are important for yarn production and quality. In this paper, degummed bast fibers such as hemp, flax and ramie have been examined with the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer (OFDA100 and OFDA2000) systems for fiber fineness, in comparison with the conventional image analysis and the Wira airflow tester. The correlation between the results from these measurements was analysed. The results indicate that there is a significant linear co-relation between the fiber fineness measurement results obtained from those different systems. In addition, the mean fiber width and its coefficient of variation obtained from the OFDA100 system are smaller than those obtained from the OFDA2000 system, due to the difference in sample preparation methods. The OFDA2000 system can also measure the fiber fineness profile along the bast fiber plants, which can be useful for plant breeding.     

菠萝叶纤维细度分选

以无刺卡因、巴厘这两类品种的菠萝叶纤维为原料,对老叶和嫩叶所提取的纤维进行不同部位的纤维细度测定,结果表明：无刺卡因类菠萝叶老叶提取的纤维长度达到80～100 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.40、18.53 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在50～70 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.27、14.77 dtex;巴厘类菠萝叶提取的纤维长度达到70～90 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.13、18.50 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在45～65 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.09、15.03 dtex。经方差分析,卡因类和巴厘类菠萝叶老叶根部与尖部纤维细度存在显著差异（p<0.05）。     

罗布麻纤维细度测试方法的探讨

罗布麻纤维细度测试尚无方法标准,本文探讨了测定罗布麻纤维直径来表示细度的方法,介绍了罗布麻纤维细度的特征。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of fiber characteristics effects on fiber dispersion for wet-laid nonwoven

Dispersion and separation of fiber bundles into individual fibers, requires exposing them to a shear stress field to overcome inter-fiber frictional forces. To this end, fiber-mixing tanks are usually used to enhance shear and agitation in water and help the dispersion process. The required time and necessary agitation to separate and disperse fibers depend on fibers’ characteristics. It is well known that excessive agitation will give rise to the formation of rope defects in the output because of the high-energy vortices and optimizing the break up time is important in wet-lay process. In this work, experimental and numerical studies were done to investigate the effects of fiber characteristics on their dispersion in water for wet-laid nonwoven. The effective forces were analyzed using a one-way modeling of fiber behaviors in a stirred mixing tank. Results show that when the fiber diameter is increased, the required time for breaking up of fiber bundles and clumps is increased. The effects of fiber types on fibers break up and dispersing time, were also investigated. In the experimental work, an on-line vision system was designed to observe the dispersion behavior of polyester fibers. The effects of fiber length and fineness on the created defects (i.e. logs and ropes) in dispersion process, as well as on the dispersion speed, were studied. The results confirm that defects are increased by rising fiber length and fineness. It is also shown that increasing fiber length and fineness, decreases the required time for fiber clumps to be opened and reach a maximum number of individual fibers. On the other hand, when fiber length and fineness is increased, the dispersion speed increases.     

Enzymatic treatment of mechanochemical modified natural bamboo fibers

Natural bamboo fibers have attracted growing demands in textile industry due to benefit from their excellent properties and renewable and abundant resource; however, there are still limitations for their application in textile industry because of their poor quality. For this reason, enzymes treatments on mechanochemically modified natural bamboo fibers were conducted to extract noncellulosic matters from finer natural bamboo fibers in this paper. Four enzymes, pectin lyase, xylanase, laccase, and cellulase, were used to remove pectin, hemicellulose, lignin and to loosen the compact structure of fibers, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of four enzymes were optimized in terms of fiber chemical composition, weight loss, fineness, and tenacity to obtain high quality fibers. An obvious reduction in amount of noncellulosic substances and also a remarkable improvement in fineness in the modified fibers can be found from the experimental results. The optimum parameters are determined as: 0.6 % pectin lyase, 1.2 % cellulase, 0.3 % xylanase, and 1.2 % laccase; and the natural bamboo fiber thus obtained is 77.51 % in cellulose content, 2.81 tex in fineness, and 2.62 cN/dtex in tenacity.     

苎麻主要经济性状与产量品质相关遗传力的通径分析

本文试用相关遗传力的分析方法，探讨了苎麻５个经济性状与产量和品质的相关遗传力，结果表明，通过各经济性状来间接选择单蔸产量和单纤维支数的相对效率不同，二麻各经济性状与单蔸产量和单纤维支数的表型相关变异中大部分是由遗传原因引起。相关遗传力的通径分析表明，苎麻高产和优质表现型之间存在较大的矛盾，主要由株高（二麻）、茎粗（三季麻）、鲜皮厚度（头麻和二麻）、鲜皮出麻率（头麻和三麻）、有效株率（二麻和三麻）引起，高产优质苎麻品种的选择应着重在二麻进行。     

The effect of irrigation rates and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on fiber characteristics of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton

This article reports the estimated relationships between fiber properties of the Acala 4–42 cultivar and N- and P-fertilizers and irrigation. Increasing water rates in the range of 4200–7200 m³/ha weakened the tensile strength of the fibers and increased their fineness; the regression of maturity, length and uniformity ratio was curvilinear: positive on initial rates and negative on those exceeding 5800 m³/ha. N-fertilizer favorably affected all fiber properties determined: fineness and upper quartile length throughout the rate range tested but strength, mean length and uniformity ratio only up to 250–500 kg ammonium sulfate per ha. The most favorable effect of P-fertilizer was in considerably increasing the length uniformity ratio; it also increased length and fineness but suppressed the maturity index.