猪舍有害气体及颗粒物环境参数研究综述

猪舍内产生的氨气等有害气体不仅对猪舍内的猪只和工作人员的健康产生一定的影响,而且有害气体的排放还将对周边环境及大气环境产生不利影响。文内对比了美国、中国猪舍内有害气体环境控制标准,综述了美国、中国及欧盟成员国关于氨气、二氧化碳等有害气体及颗粒物在猪舍内的浓度监测值及排放值,以期为中国猪舍环境控制的力度和研究方向提供参考。     

猪舍有害气体及颗粒物环境参数研究综述

猪舍内产生的氨气等有害气体不仅对猪舍内的猪只和工作人员的健康产生一定的影响,而且有害气体的排放还将对周边环境及大气环境产生不利影响.文内对比了美国、中国猪舍内有害气体环境控制标准,综述了美国、中国及欧盟成员国关于氨气、二氧化碳等有害气体及颗粒物在猪舍内的浓度监测值及排放值,以期为中国猪舍环境控制的力度和研究方向提供参考.     

规模化猪场育肥猪饲养环境控制

温度在15~25℃时猪日增重明显,相对湿度控制在60%~80%时猪生长环境最为适宜,此外有害气体也影响着猪的生长发育。为控制好饲养环境,最大限度地减少有害气体的排放,确保仔猪在育肥期茁壮成长,笔者总结了育肥期猪场温湿度及有害气体排放的环境控制要点。     

肉鸡环保型日粮生产与应用技术研究进展

"环境友好"已成为当前养殖业和饲料工业技术创新的主要方向之一。环保饲料的技术内涵主要包括四个方面,即降低氮排放、降低磷排放、降低微量元素排放和降低有害气体排放。     

生物质炭在畜禽粪便好氧堆肥中的应用研究进展

我国是畜禽养殖大国,每年需要及时处理大量畜禽粪便,但传统的好氧堆肥方法具有易造成粪肥营养成分损失、环境污染等缺点,因此,如何原位控制畜禽粪便堆肥过程中营养成分损失以及有害气体排放,一直是堆肥工艺研究的重点。生物质炭近年来颇受关注,被认为具有改善堆肥品质、吸附污染物和减少温室气体排放等功能。文章介绍了生物质炭的结构特点,综述了生物质炭添加对畜禽粪便堆肥的理化性质、堆肥品质以及有害气体排放等方面影响的研究进展,并对未来生物质炭在堆肥中的应用进行了展望。     

猪舍氨气排放量及其检测技术的研究进展

氨气是一种有毒有害气体,可引起动物生产性能下降,引发呼吸道疾病,对猪及人类健康产生极大的影响。作者对猪舍内氨气排放量的研究现状及其常用检测方法进行了综述,以期为开展猪舍有害气体排放量研究提供参考。     

环境改良剂降低猪舍中氨气浓度的效果研究

本试验研究了环境改良剂对猪舍内环境中有害气体的影响。采用完全随机设计,在4个不同养殖场的产房和育肥舍内进行试验,试验期各1 d,试验组在舍内按5 g/m2的剂量用机器喷撒环境改良剂。试验结果表明,在猪舍中使用环境改良剂可降低舍内有害气体(氨气)的浓度,提升舍内空气质量,改善猪舍环境,减少有害气体向大气排放,减轻环保压力。     

辽南地区部分蛋鸡舍内氨气含量的调查以及减排措施

在蛋鸡养殖过程中会产生很多有害气体,其中氨气是最为常见且对环境危害较大的气体之一.文章对辽南地区部分蛋鸡舍内氨气含量进行测量调查,分析氨气危害并提出减少氨气排放的有效措施,以期对蛋鸡养殖过程中减少氨气的排放提供参考.     

植物提取物对动物有害气体排放的影响的研究进展

随着我国畜禽养殖业更加规模化、集约化的发展和壮大，畜禽养殖场环境对畜禽的成活率和生产性能产生重大影响。畜舍内有害气体过量可造成畜禽中毒，严重时甚至导致其死亡，进而降低养殖户的经济效益。植物提取物作为绿色、环保、用量小、不易产生耐药性等特性的饲料添加剂，具有抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化等生理功效，还具有降低动物畜舍内主要有害气体的潜力。文章综述日粮添加植物提取物对动物氨气、硫化氢和甲烷等有害气体排放的调控作用，为植物提取物在动物生产中的应用提供参考。     

京郊健康生态养猪模式探索——以北京红才熠辉养殖专业合作社为例

本研究以位于京郊地区的红才熠辉养殖专业合作社为研究及实践对象,为其引入发酵床养殖技术,探索养殖用水再循环利用体系,最终建立一套健康的生态养殖模式,并对养殖需水量、有害气体排放量等生态指标进行监控。结果表明:该模式节约养殖成本,猪舍有毒有害气体排放量减少,猪病的发生率下降,对养殖环境的污染降低。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。