丽江市油橄榄产业发展的问题及对策

分析了丽江市油橄榄产业项目区的大概情况,研究了丽江油橄榄产业在发展过程中所具备的优势条件,同时探讨了油橄榄产业发展中受到制约的一些因素,从强化组织领导,增强扶持力度,技术创新推广,建立健全质量保证体系方面,提出了推动丽江市橄榄产业发展的具体对策。     

丽江市油橄榄产业发展现状调查及措施探讨

指出了随着丽江市油橄榄产业规划的出台,辖区内掀起了种植油橄榄的热潮。其中,既有种植成功的典范,也存在着许多问题。针对不同区域情况进行了调查,提出了建议和对策,以期为丽江市油橄榄产业的健康发展提供参考。     

我国油橄榄产业发展的战略思考

一、我国油橄榄产业发展趋势 （一）油橄榄产业发展迅速 当前．我国油橄榄产业发展迅速。主要表现为：一是在油橄榄适生区内基地建设步伐加快。近年来,各地建设了大量油橄榄种植基地,为油橄榄产业发展奠定了良好的基础：二是企业积极主动投资油橄榄产业,股份制、合资、民营等各种类型的油橄榄种植和加工食业大量涌现：三是地方政府积极支持发展油橄榄产业．许多地方政府把发展油橄榄产业作为振兴地方经济的突破点．将发展油橄榄产业作为发展国民经济的重点产业予以鼓励和支持。     

我国油橄榄产业发展的战略思考(上)

一、我国油橄榄产业发展趋势(一)油橄榄产业发展迅速当前,我国油橄榄产业发展迅速。主要表现为:一是在油橄榄适生区内基地建设步伐加快。近年来,各地建设了大量油橄榄种植基地,为油橄榄产业发展奠定了良好的基础;二是企业积极主动投资油橄榄产业,股份制、合资、民营等各种类型的油橄榄种植和加工企业大量涌现;三是地方政府积极支持发展油橄榄产业,许多地方政府把发展油橄榄产业作为振兴地方经济的突破点,将发展油橄榄产业作为发展国民经济的重点产业予以鼓励和支持。     

丽江油橄榄嫁接技术试验

在丽江市玉龙县大具乡营盘村开展了油橄榄嫁接试验,结果表明:嫁接砧木、接穗品种、嫁接方法3个因子对油橄榄嫁接成活率的影响顺序依次为:嫁接方法嫁接砧木嫁接品种;油橄榄嫁接成活率最高的组合为:嫁接砧木为佛奥,接穗品种为贝拉,嫁接方法采用插皮接,成活率高达96.67%;在丽江市大具乡进行油橄榄嫁接时,可采用插皮接,佛奥作为嫁接砧木的方法进行推广。     

论我国油橄榄产业发展规划

近年来我国橄榄油消费量持续增长,进口量大幅度增加;全国油橄榄生产也迅速增长,种植面积逐年增加。笔者分析了我国发展油橄榄产业的有利条件及制约因素,提出了以种植为基础,搞好基地化建设,兴办龙头企业,实现企业化管理的油橄榄产业发展思路,以及低产油橄榄林改良恢复工程、优良油橄榄种苗基地建设工程等油橄榄产业重点建设工程。     

油橄榄高接换优技术规程

根据陇南油橄榄栽培区气候特征、油橄榄栽培现状以及生长和结果特征,在生产实践中,总结了油橄榄低产园高接换优技术,规范了嫁接时间、嫁接方法、接后管理等操作技术和注意的事项.提出的油橄榄高接换优技术,将对指导我省陇南油橄榄品种改良、低产园改造和促进油橄榄产业发展有重要指导意义.     

西班牙油橄榄产业概况与启示

西班牙的油橄榄种植面积和橄榄油产量均居世界之首,是世界橄榄油王国。本文介绍了西班牙油橄榄产业发展的基本情况,在油橄榄产业发展进程中积累的较为成熟的先进管理经验和技术,提出了推进我国油橄榄产业发展的相关建议,对推动我国油橄榄等木本油料产业持续健康发展具有一定指导作用。     

四川省凉山彝族自治州油橄榄产业发展现状及对策

油橄榄产业是凉山彝族自治州重点发展的特色产业 。通过概述凉山州油橄榄引种栽培历程和产业发展现状,针 对发展过程中存在的投入成本高,见效低、栽培品种来源混杂、栽培管理较粗放、龙头企业带动辐射能力弱等问题,采用 SWOT分析法对油橄榄产业进行分析,提出了科学制定产业发展规划、优化产业布局、培育壮大龙头企业,强化品牌建设、 加大科技投入与创新力度、创新产业发展模式,做好 一 二 三产业融合等发展对策,旨在为油橄榄产业进 一步发展提供依据 。     

武都油橄榄产业现状分析与发展对策探讨

油橄榄已为我省优势特色产业,通过分析武都区油橄榄产业现状、优势,进而阐述了现阶段武都区油橄榄产业发展存在的主要问题及其原因,提出了加快武都区油橄榄产业发展的对策。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Key Habitats in the Norwegian Production Forest: A Case Study

This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes.