Possible ancient oceans on Mars: evidence from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data

High-resolution altimetric data define the detailed topography of the northern lowlands of Mars, and a range of data is consistent with the hypothesis that a lowland-encircling geologic contact represents the ancient shoreline of a large standing body of water present in middle Mars history. The contact altitude is close to an equipotential line, the topography is smoother at all scales below the contact than above it, the volume enclosed by this contact is within the range of estimates of available water on Mars, and a series of extensive terraces parallel the contact in many places.     

Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men

The prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men are key components of models of the spread of HIV infection and AIDS in the U.S. population. Previous estimates by Kinsey et al. from data collected between 1938 and 1948 have been widely criticized for inadequacies of sample design. New lower-bound estimates of prevalence developed from data from a national sample survey conducted in 1970 indicate that minimums of 20.3 percent of adult men in the United States in 1970 had sexual contact to orgasm with another man at some time in life; 6.7 percent had such contact after age 19; and between 1.6 and 2.0 percent had such contact within the previous year. Although these estimates incorporate adjustments for missing data, the likelihood of underreporting suggests that these estimates might be lower bounds on the prevalence of same-gender sex among men. Two sets of alternative estimates are derived to assess the sensitivity of these estimates to the assumptions made in imputing values to missing data. Detailed estimates are presented by frequency of contact, age, education, and marital status; and supporting estimates are derived from a 1988 national survey. Data from both the 1970 and 1988 surveys indicate that never-married men are more likely than other men to have had same-gender sexual contacts within the last year. The 1970 survey also indicates, however, that approximately half the men estimated to have such contacts are found among the more numerous population of currently or previously married men.     

羊口疮的流行病学调查

本文就羊口疮的流行病学进行了调查分析,根据座谈访问和资料记载,此病在甘肃省存在历史已久,分布地区广泛,对养羊业造成一定损失。采取病羊病料,作电镜观察,首次在我国发现了典型的羊口疮病毒粒子。绵羊、山羊对此病均易感,以羊羔发病和死亡严重。病的传播主要通过病羊与健羊直接接触,但间接接触病羊污染的饲管用具和外界环境也可使健羊感染。发病羊只在临床上呈口唇型经过,未观察到其他病型。     

京津冀地区城市农业经济联系的社会网络分析

京津冀农业协同发展是实现京津冀协同发展的"压舱石"。通过采用修正引力模型和社会网络分析方法实证分析2011—2015年京津冀地区13个地市农业经济联系强度、联系方向、联系范围和联系格局的发展变化,发现:随着京津冀一体化进程的深入,京津冀地区农业经济联系强度有所提高;除石家庄外,各城市的农业经济联系方向均未发生变化。在农业经济联系范围和格局上,整个京津冀地区农业经济联系网络密度和网络结构的一般化程度均呈现出上升的趋势,各城市农业经济的集聚能力和辐射能力均有所增强。2011—2015年京津冀地区均形成了由西南向东北层次鲜明的四大板块,同时也均存在着以石家庄、邯郸和邢台为核心城市的核心—半边缘—边缘结构。构建京津冀地区农业经济网络合作机制,充分发挥农业经济核心城市的带动作用和强化北京与京津冀地区其他城市之间的联系,是实现京津冀农业协同发展的重要举措。     

论高职院校学报编辑工作的现代化

高职院校学报编辑工作的现代化,不仅仅体现在学报编辑业务方面,也体现在学报编辑管理方面.其现代化包括计算机化和网络化.实现学报编辑工作的现代化,建立学报投稿电子登记簿、编辑部数据库(包括文献资料库、评审专家库、作者库)以及网上查询系统等非常重要.同时,还要转变思想观念,做好桥梁工作;加大资金投入力度;广做宣传、加强沟通;保障网站、计算机的安全.     

The nature of aqueous tunneling pathways between electron-transfer proteins

Structured water molecules near redox cofactors were found recently to accelerate electron-transfer (ET) kinetics in several systems. Theoretical study of interprotein electron transfer across an aqueous interface reveals three distinctive electronic coupling mechanisms that we describe here: (i) a protein-mediated regime when the two proteins are in van der Waals contact; (ii) a structured water-mediated regime featuring anomalously weak distance decay at relatively close protein-protein contact distances; and (iii) a bulk water-mediated regime at large distances. Our analysis explains a range of otherwise puzzling biological ET kinetic data and provides a framework for including explicit water-mediated tunneling effects on ET kinetics.     

6种喷雾助剂对3种药剂表面张力与接触角的影响

为达到农药减施增效的目的,将6种喷雾助剂(强力源、柔水通、有机硅、阿普顿、怀农特、倍创)与3种药剂(70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂、5%阿维菌素乳油、1.3%苦参碱水剂)混配,测定混配后药液的表面张力和接触角变化,分析药液表面张力和接触角的关系。结果表明,添加不同质量浓度的6种喷雾助剂均能降低药液的表面张力,其中,有机硅、强力源、怀农特降低3种药剂表面张力的效果最好,柔水通、阿普顿次之,倍创效果最差。有机硅、柔水通、强力源、怀农特降低3种药剂接触角的效果最好,阿普顿次之,倍创效果最差。分析了3种药剂在添加不同质量浓度的6种喷雾助剂后药液的表面张力与接触角余弦值的关系,结果显示,二者呈显著(P<0.05)负相关关系。综上,合理选用喷雾助剂有助于提高农药的利用率。研究结果可为田间施药和进一步研发喷雾助剂提供数据支持。     

森林可燃物引燃时间的研究

森林细小可燃物在与火种接触后，逐渐传导积聚热量，使其达到燃点，导致森林火灾．本文就此进行连年测试，获得大量资料，通过方差分析、相关分析，多元分析等手段，得到了草类、针叶类、针阔叶类、阔叶类等细小可燃物的引燃时间同火环境（气象）因子及自身含水率等１１个因子的相关关系，找到了制约引燃时间的主导因子是可燃物的含水率和当时条件下的风速，并提出了引燃时间的预测模型．     

网络购物物流服务质量评价指标体系的构建(一)以小型B2C和C2C为例

该文介绍了小型B2C和C2C网络购物物流服务质量管理现状,归纳了国内外学者对物流服务质量的研究成果,结合小型B2C和C2C网络购物,采用流程分析法找出其物流服务中与顾客的38个接触点;然后面向网络购物中有签收经验的小型商家制作并发放调查问卷,回收整理所得数据。在验证了调查问卷的信度和效度之后,采用SPSS统计软件对这些接触点均值方差情况进行分析,归纳出如下6个通俗易懂的影响网络购物物流服务质量的代表因子:送货服务水平、接单服务水平、正确安分履行订单能力、时间性、信息服务能力和价格,以期为网络购物物流服务质量评价提供参考。     

基于线性互补算法的叠梁接触规律研究

确定叠梁层间发生接触的区间及接触力分布规律是叠梁计算的关键.为克服以往解析解答得到的结论不合实际的现象，将叠梁接触问题构造为线性互补问题，并给出其一般求解过程.为验证该法的合理性，以梁与刚体接触问题的Timoshenko解答与胡海昌解答为例进行对比分析.在此基础上，对典型荷载作用下的叠梁接触问题进行了计算，并对其影响因素进行了深入研究.最后得到如下主要结论：刚度比、荷载作用形式以及剪切挠度对叠梁层间接触规律影响均非常明显；考虑剪切变形影响时，叠梁接触力由集中力变为分布力；集中力作用下，叠梁接触趋于点接触，均布力作用下，叠梁接触趋于线接触；上下梁刚度相等是叠梁接触力分布规律的一个转折点，不同的上下梁刚度比会得到不同的接触规律.     

Renin secretion: an anatomical basis for tubular control

By means of electron microscopy of serial sections and three-dimensional reconstruction of the juxtaglomerular apparatus a quantitative study has been made of the distribution of the areas of contact between the tubular and vascular components. Of the two arterioles the efferent is the only one consistently in contact with the distal tubule. The extraglomerular mesangium is also in contact with the distal tubule in all the apparatuses examined. Two morphologically distinct types of contact are described; one is thought to be permanent and the other reversible. An analysis of the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus for their position, granularity, and contact has revealed that the majority of granular cells are not in contact with the distal tubule. The anatomical findings are integrated in a model of the control of renin secretion based on variations in contact between the elements of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.     

Faking giants: the evolution of high prey clearance rates in jellyfishes

Jellyfishes have functionally replaced several overexploited commercial stocks of planktivorous fishes. This is paradoxical, because they use a primitive prey capture mechanism requiring direct contact with the prey, whereas fishes use more efficient visual detection. We have compiled published data to show that, in spite of their primitive life-style, jellyfishes exhibit similar instantaneous prey clearance and respiration rates as their fish competitors and similar potential for growth and reproduction. To achieve this production, they have evolved large, water-laden bodies that increase prey contact rates. Although larger bodies are less efficient for swimming, optimization analysis reveals that large collectors are advantageous if they move through the water sufficiently slowly.     

颗粒滚动摩擦系数对颗粒堆内部受力的影响

为探究贮存过程中不同形状玉米颗粒与镀锌钢板间滚动摩擦系数对颗粒堆基底接触力分布的影响,采用离散元法数值模拟标定球形、锥形和矩形玉米颗粒间滚动摩擦系数。玉米颗粒形状越不规则,滚动摩擦系数越大,其中锥形玉米颗粒间滚动摩擦系数最大。以3种形状玉米颗粒与镀锌钢板间滚动摩擦系数为因素,以玉米颗粒与基底法向、切向接触力平均值为指标,作3因素5水平二次正交旋转组合模拟试验,运用Design-Expert8.0.6软件数据处理,基于结合响应曲面法分析试验结果。随玉米颗粒与镀锌钢板间滚动摩擦系数增加,玉米颗粒与基底间法向和切向接触力平均值均先增大后趋于稳定,且模拟试验得玉米颗粒与基底法向接触力分布规律与物理试验结果基本一致。研究结果可为粮仓设计及结构优化提供理论参考。     

接触辉光放电等离子体降解水体中的邻氯苯酚

接触辉光放电电解是一种新型的产生等离子体的电化学方法。本文测定了催化剂、pH 值对接触辉光放电等离子体降解水体中邻氯苯酚降解效率的影响;并利用高效液相色谱检测了中间产物和邻氯苯酚降解浓度随时间的变化。实验表明:碱性条件下降解有利,Fe2+催化作用下降解效率明显提高。     

Submicrometer patterning of charge in thin-film electrets

Thin-film electrets have been patterned with trapped charge with submicrometer resolution using a flexible, electrically conductive electrode. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp, patterned in bas-relief and supporting an 80-nanometer-thick gold film, is brought into contact with an 80-nanometer-thick film of poly(methylmethacrylate) supported on n-doped silicon. A voltage pulse between the gold film and the silicon transfers charge at the contact areas between the gold and the polymer electret. Areas as large as 1 square centimeter were patterned with trapped charges at a resolution better than 150 nanometers in less than 20 seconds. This process provides a new method for patterning; it suggests possible methods for high-density, charge-based data storage and for high-resolution charge-based printing.     

芹菜乙醇提取液对果蝇驱避·触杀·熏蒸效果

[目的]为开发研制功能性芹菜源农药提供理论依据和试验数据。[方法]以果蝇为试验对象,研究并比较芹菜原汁和不同浓度的芹菜乙醇提取液对果蝇的驱避、触杀、熏蒸作用。[结果]随着浓度的增加,芹菜提取液对果蝇的驱避作用增强,驱避效果达100%,而芹菜原汁对果蝇的驱避效果为80%。芹菜原汁及不同浓度的芹菜乙醇提取液对果蝇的触杀效果均为0。在芹菜原汁和乙醇提取液的熏蒸作用下,果蝇在短时间内死亡。[结论]芹菜的乙醇提取液对果蝇的驱避效果和熏蒸效率果均可达到100%,并且随着浓度的增加,驱避效果增强。     

生长育肥猪对环境丰富度材料的选择倾向性研究

研究舍饲圈栏条件下猪对环境丰富度材料的选择倾向性。随机抽取20头70~150日龄生长育肥猪,选择不同的啃咬、鼻拱及蹭痒材料,就生长育肥猪对各种材料的接触频次及时间等行为学指标进行研究。结果表明:生长育肥猪对各种材料的选择偏爱程度随放置时间的延续而减弱;对啃咬材料的接触频次大小和接触时间长短顺序依次为,铁链>尼龙绳>剪成条状的自行车内胎>塑料水管>细铁棍,其中对铁链的接触频次显著高于其他材料;对鼻拱材料的接触频次大小、接触时间长短依次为新鲜泥土>鹅卵石>蘑菇培养土>稻草>碎木屑>玩具塑料球;猪蹭痒时更多的选择木质蹭痒架。     

液滴体积对水稻叶面接触角的影响

接触角是衡量液滴在水稻叶片上润湿展布效果和滞留能力的主要指标,为了准确测量液滴在水稻叶片表面上接触角(θ)大小,研究了液滴体积对水稻叶面接触角的影响。通过试验测量不同液滴体积下的水稻叶面接触角、液滴高度(h)和液滴接触面直径(d),分析接触角随液滴体积变化的规律。结果显示,液滴体积对4种被测水稻叶面接触角均有显著性影响。在液滴体积上升的初期(1.0~7.5 μL),液滴高度随液滴体积变化的速率(h'_v)与液滴接触面直径随液滴体积变化的速率(d'_v)的比值h'_v/d'_v>h/d,水稻叶面接触角增大;在液滴体积继续上升的后期(7.5~20.0 μL),当h'_v/d'_v≈h/d时,水稻叶面接触角基本不变,当h'_v/d'_v<h/d时,水稻叶面接触角略微减小,最后接触角趋于稳定。由此得出,液滴体积对水稻叶面接触角有显著影响,且接触角的变化趋势与液滴高度和接触面直径及二者的增长速率密切相关。最后还提出了水稻叶面接触角试验统一使用的液滴体积应大于水稻叶面最大接触角所对应的体积,且最好控制在7.5~20.0 μL,水稻叶面最大接触角在液滴体积7.5~10.0 μL、首次h'_v/d'_v≈h/d时近似测得。     

瞬时重合度恒定的直齿圆柱齿轮传动原理研究

为探讨和解决齿轮传动系统,特别是高速、重载齿轮系统啮合传动过程中,在单、双齿对交替啮合的极短时间内,轮齿受载发生突变,形成轮齿激振和轮齿的啮合刚度变化导致产生振动和噪声问题,本文从瞬时重合度入手,介绍了一种提高直齿圆柱齿轮传动平稳性的方法。     

摆线齿锥齿轮齿面接触区的计算机辅助分析

为解决奥利康锥齿轮加工过程中需要反复试切、修正的问题，根据奥利康SKM2机床建立了加工延伸外摆线齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮的齿面接触分析模型，提出了一种可预测齿面接触质量、降低设计加工成本的新方法。利用研制成的“齿面接触分析”软件对一实例进行计算，计算机输出的图形与切齿实验得到的接触区基本相同。本软件不仅可用于切齿调整的计算机辅助分析，而且可用于齿面接触区移动规律的计算机辅助分析。