Effect of Drying on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Red Grape Pomace

Winemaking by-products are considered to be a rich source of bioactive compounds. Grape pomace is susceptible to microbial degradation due to the degree of residual moisture, so the drying of this pomace for conservation is considered to be an essential first step. Previous studies concerning the way in which drying affects winery by-products have produced contradictory results. In this study, a new methodology for drying grape pomace in a climatic chamber has been evaluated. Five red grape pomace varieties were dried in a climatic chamber at 40 °C and 10% relative humidity and the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the dried and wet pomace samples were compared. The results indicate that this drying process is both feasible and beneficial because significant increases in the extractability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were achieved.     

Hypocholesterolemic Activity from the Leaf Extracts of Cnidoscolus chayamansa

The aim of this study was to determine the hypocholesterolemic activity of Cnidoscolus chayamansa. In an in vivo model, high-cholesterol diet administered to mice Balb/c induced hypercholesterolemia. Three extracts from Cnidoscolus chayamansa (ethanol, methanol and an aqueous extract) were tested on hypercholesterolemic mice. Active extracts were assessed against the in vitro inhibitory activity of the same three extracts on the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme by using Vero cells. The specific chemical groups present in the phytochemical extracts were also determined. Only the aqueous extract (at either doses employed) showed a significant cholesterol reduction (27.9 and 31.1%, for 50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹, respectively P < 0.01). The extract did not inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, suggesting that its compounds act at another level in cholesterol metabolism. Reactions to secondary metabolites indicate the presence of alkaloids in the aqueous and ethanol extracts and phenol hydroxyls in the ethanol and methanol extracts.     

诺丽果汁的抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度计法,以维他命C（Vc）为对照,考察诺丽果汁的多酚含量及其对1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、2,2-联氮双（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢（H2O2）等的抗氧化活性。结果表明：诺丽果汁中多酚含量较高（1.934 mg/mL）,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢等均具有很好的清除活性,且在清除羟自由基能力试验中,其活性显著高于阳性对照（Vc）,表明诺丽果汁对人体具有良好的营养保健功效。     

肿柄菊茎叶提取物除草活性的研究

采用培养皿滤纸法,以水田稗（Echinochloa oryzoides）、玉米（Zea mays）、黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）和鳢肠（Eclipta prostrata）为供体植物,测定肿柄菊（Tithonia diversifolia）茎叶水提液的除草活性;以水田稗为供体植物,测定肿柄菊茎叶乙醇提取物的不同溶剂萃取物的除草活性。结果显示,肿柄菊茎叶水提液浓度为0.1 g/mL时,对水田稗和玉米种子萌发具有显著抑制作用,抑制率分别达92％和72％;对黄瓜和鳢肠种子萌发抑制率低。肿柄菊茎叶水提     

红树林植物海莲不同部位提取物抗氧化活性研究

植物抗氧化研究对寻找高效率、低毒性天然抗氧化剂具有重要的指导意义。以在海南分布较广的红树林植物海莲进行抗氧化活性研究,以期对海莲开发利用的可能性提供理论依据。采用清除DPPH自由基和清除ABTS自由基对海莲不同部位———根、茎、叶、花的乙酸乙酯提取物进行抗氧化能力评价,采用比色法和福林酚法测定总黄酮和总酚含量。结果显示,海莲茎的提取物在4个部位中抗氧化活性最好,清除二者的IC50分别为(0.234±0.053)mg/m L和(0.196±0.080)mg/m L,海莲中酚类物质含量较大,4个部位中茎的总酚含量最多,含量为13.2 mg。说明海莲各部位均显示出了较好的抗氧化能力,具有较好的开发潜力。     

Functional Teas from the Stems of Penthorum chinense Pursh.: Phenolic Constituents,Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP), a medicinal and edible plant, is traditionally used for liver protection and treatment of liver diseases. In this study, we...     

Effect of Extrusion Conditions and the Optimization of Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Bran Using Response Surface Methodology

The extrusion process (EP) consists of heat and mechanical treatments under different conditions of moisture, shear, and pressure and rapidly causes structural alterations and changes in the functional properties of the extruded material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extrusion conditions and optimize the wheat bran extrusion conditions to achieve the greatest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology. The EP factors evaluated were feed moisture (FM) (25–33.54%) and final extrusion temperature (T) (140–180 °C). The properties evaluated in the extruded material were bound total phenol content (BTPC), total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (AOX). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology were used in the evaluation. The determination coefficients, (FM)² and (T)², very significantly affected the BTPC and bound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl content (BDPPHC). The optimization was performed by overlaying two contour plots to predict the best combination regions. The optimized extrusion conditions were the following: FM?=?30% and T?=?140 °C, which provided BTPC?=?3547.01 μgGAE/g (predicted: 3589.3 μgGAE/g) and BDPPHC?=?9.5 μmolTE/g (predicted: 10.4 μmolTE/g); and FM?=?30% and T?=?180 °C, which provided BTPC?=?3342.3 μgGAE/g (predicted: 3727.7 μgGAE/g) and BDPPHC?=?9.5 μmolTE/g (predicted: 9.3 μmolTE/g). The EP increased the phenolic compounds and AOX, and enhancement of these properties in wheat bran products could make them functional foods.     

苦丁茶提取物多酚含量与抗氧化活性的测定

首先用不同的有机溶剂分部萃取苦丁茶(Ilex kudincha C.J.Tseng)热水提取物(粗提物),得到氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物及萃取剩余物,然后采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定粗提物和各萃取物的多酚含量,同时应用DPPH法、TEAC法和FRAP法分别测定粗提物和各萃取物的自由基清除能力和还原Fe3+能力。结果表明,苦丁茶提取物具有较高的多酚含量和较强的抗氧化能力;DPPH法和FRAP法测定各提取物抗氧化能力的结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>萃取剩余物>氯仿萃取物,TEAC法测定结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>氯仿萃取物>萃取剩余物;多酚含量与抗氧化能力之间、所用抗氧化测定方法之间均存在较好的相关性。     

胡萝卜多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

采用热水浸提法从胡萝卜中提取胡萝卜多糖,通过测定胡萝卜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、DPPH自由基的清除能力以及对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制作用,研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,胡萝卜多糖对.OH、O-2.、DPPH自由基具有较强的清除能力,对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化具有一定的抑制作用,因此胡萝卜多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。     

Polyphenolics Profile, Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaves and Stem of Raphanus sativus L.

Aerial parts (leaves and stem) of Raphanus sativus, which are usually discarded were found to possess potent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity, as measured by standard antioxidant assays. Methanolic and acetone extracts of R. sativus leaves had total polyphenolic content of 86.16 and 78.77 mg/g dry extract, which were comparable to the traditional rich sources such as green tea and black tea. HPLC identification of polyphenolics indicated the presence of catechin, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, o-coumaric acid, myricetin, and quercetin in leaves and stem. Among the different extraction solvents, methanolic extract of leaves and stem showed potent reductive capacity, significantly inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation and displayed metal chelating activity. Further, they scavenged free radicals effectively with IC₅₀ (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 31 and 42 μg/ml for DPPH radical, 23 and 52 μg/ml for superoxide radical, 67 and 197 μg/ml for hydrogen peroxide, and 56 and 62 μg/ml for nitric oxide, respectively. Leaves showed most potent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity as compared to stem, which may be accounted for the high polyphenolic content. Leaves and stem of R. sativus, often under-utilized part of this vegetable, thus possessed considerable amount of polyphenolics. Hence, it should be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants and could be effectively employed as an ingredient in health or in functional food.     

水分胁迫对槟榔幼苗根系形态与活力的影响

以槟榔为试验材料,采用盆栽法研究土壤不同相对含水量对槟榔幼苗根系形态和部分生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱处理使槟榔根系生物量及根冠比增加,叶片生物量下降,各器官中水分含量差异不显著。(2)干旱处理主要影响槟榔根系的数量、长度和粗度,从而影响根系表面积与体积,主要表现为:根长为0~5 cm的根系数量及单株总根数降低,根长大于10 cm的根系数量增加;根系表面积及根系体积在不同根段均以正常处理最高,而根系表面积大于6 cm2和根系体积大于0.5 cm3根段随水分含量的增加均呈下降趋势。(3)干旱处理对槟榔根系活力的影响为前期大于后期,随干旱程度的增加,根系活力下降越大。此结果表明槟榔主要通过调整根系数量、长度及粗度来适应干旱的环境条件,但干旱又明显抑制了槟榔的生长。     

云南省田菁根瘤菌及根瘤内生细菌遗传多样性研究

本研究采用BOX-PCR指纹图谱和16SrDNA全序列分析,对45株分离自田菁的根瘤菌及根瘤内生细菌进行了菌株多样性研究,BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析结果表明,在78%的相似性水平上,待测菌株分成了4个遗传群,其中群Ⅰ和群Ⅳ分别与根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)聚在一起,其它群没有与参比菌株聚群。选取每群的代表菌株进行16SrDNA全序列测定。结果表明:待测菌株归于6个属,分别是贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)、拜纳蒙纳斯属(Balneimonas)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和泛菌属(Pantoea),菌株表现了丰富的遗传多样性;其中分离自田菁的根瘤菌隶属于贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)和拜纳蒙纳斯属(Balneimonas)尚未见其它文章报道。     

早钟6号枇杷两个ETR基因成员的克隆及序列分析

以早钟6号枇杷的试管苗叶片为材料,采用同源克隆方法得到乙烯受体基因ETR的两个成员Ej-ETR1a和Ej-ETR2a的cDNA全长序列,在GenBank上的登录号为JX307084和JX307089.Ej-ETR1a序列全长2771 bp,包括227bp 5’-UTR、2226 bp ORF及318 bp 3’-UTR; Ej-ETR2a序列全长2594 bp,包含2226 bp ORF及366 bp 3’-UTR.Ej-ETR1a、Ej-ETR2a均编码741个氨基酸,且氨基酸序列具有95.28％的相似性.生物学信息分析表明:枇杷Ej-ETR1a和Ej-ETR2a均属于乙烯受体ETR1亚家族,为一个具有跨膜结构的非分泌蛋白,具有疏水性.2个ETR成员的克隆为进一步研究枇杷乙烯受体作用机制奠定了基础.     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征(包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析)和体外抗氧化活性(清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力)研究.结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系.     

橡胶叶水浸提液对花生幼苗早期根系形态及其生理特性的影响

为深入理解橡胶树的化感抑制作用,采用适当浓度的橡胶叶水浸提液处理刚萌动的花生种子10 d,测定花生幼苗早期根系形态及其生理指标。结果表明:橡胶叶水浸提液能显著降低花生幼苗胚根长度、苗高、根鲜重、地上部鲜重以及根冠比,对根生长的抑制作用比地上部强烈;能显著降低根系总长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数,但对根平均直径有轻微的促进作用,与对照相比,差异不显著;能显著降低根系SOD、POD、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及根系活力,却明显增加根系MDA含量和相对电导率。说明橡胶叶水浸提液可通过破坏花生幼苗的抗氧化防御机制,降低其渗透调节能力,减少根系的吸收面积,抑制根系的吸收活性来抑制花生幼苗的生长。     

甘肃省玉米根腐病致病镰孢菌分离与鉴定

为明确甘肃省玉米根腐病致病镰孢菌种类,2017～2019年在甘肃省不同地区采集玉米植株进行组织分离,采用形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法对分离物进行鉴定,按照柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行测定。结果表明,引起甘肃省玉米根腐病的致病镰孢菌为厚垣镰孢Fusarium chlamydosporum、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、尖镰孢F.oxys-porum、层出镰孢F.proliferatum、茄镰孢F.solani、三线镰孢F.tricinctum、拟轮枝镰孢F.verticillioides和产黄色镰孢F.thapsinum,其中尖镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢为优势镰孢菌,分离频率分别为22.5%和20%。通过致病性测定发现,所有分离的镰孢菌都会引起玉米根系不同程度变褐,导致根系生长缓慢、茎基部溢缩和腐烂、近地部叶片黄化、叶边缘干枯等症状。     

Functional Teas from the Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arbutus unedo</Emphasis>: Phenolic Content,Antioxidant Activity,and Detection of Efficient Radical Scavengers

The phenolic content/composition and antioxidant activity of hot/cold infusion and decoction from the leaves of Arbutus unedo were studied for the first time. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^●), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS^●+), crocin-bleaching, copper-reducing, and liposome accelerated oxidation assays were used for the evaluation of the activity in vitro. In vivo, the extracts were examined for their ability to protect S. cerevisiae cells from H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress. An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-DPPH^● assay was applied to identify potent radical scavengers and comment on their contribution to the total activity. The addition of leaves to boiling water (decoction) was the most appropriate practice to apply since the highest phenol intake (220.2 mg gallic acid/cup served) was obtained. Additionally, its antioxidant activity was equal or superior to that of the other extracts. Flavonols (~51–61 mg/g dry extract) were the main phenols in all the extracts, with quercitrin accounting for ~20% of the total phenol amount. The on-line DPPH^● method verified the high potency of the decoction and indicated as the most active radical scavengers, two galloylquinic acid derivatives and myricitrin, accounting for ~28–45% and ~11–13% of the total scavenging, respectively. Present data may contribute to the future exploitation of A. unedo leaves by the food industry for health-promoting herbal tea preparations and dietary supplements.     

干旱对两种金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力及渗透物质含量的影响

以龙州和显脉两种金花茶幼苗为材料,通过缺水方式进行干旱胁迫处理,以探讨金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力以及渗透含量变化对干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,金花茶幼苗叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐减少,但相对电导率、H202、MDA、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸的含量却逐渐升高;叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势.(2)干旱胁迫下,与显脉金花茶相比,龙州金花茶的叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性较高,其叶片的相对电导率、H202和MDA积累量低于显脉金花茶.说明叶片的高活性的抗氧化能力和渗透物质含量的增加促进龙州金花茶叶片的保水能力,减轻干旱胁迫伤害.     

木奶果果皮多酚提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性研究

研究木奶果果皮多酚水浴振荡辅助提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化木奶果果皮多酚的水浴振荡辅助乙醇提取工艺,并以V_C为对照,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力进行探讨。结果表明:采用优化后的工艺条件,提取时间63 min、提取温度65℃、乙醇浓度66%、液料比42∶1(m L/g),木奶果果皮多酚提取量为31.2 mg/g,与模型预测值31.0 mg/g相近,最佳工艺实用性强。体外抗氧化活性实验表明,木奶果果皮多酚对于DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50值分别为12.3、2.35、0.141 mg/m L,最高清除率分别为90.6%、99.1%和61.9%,说明木奶果果皮多酚具有很强的抗氧化活性。