A circadian rhythm orchestrated by histone deacetylase 3 controls hepatic lipid metabolism

Disruption of the circadian clock exacerbates metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. We show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) recruitment to the genome displays a circadian rhythm in mouse liver. Histone acetylation is inversely related to HDAC3 binding, and this rhythm is lost when HDAC3 is absent. Although amounts of HDAC3 are constant, its genomic recruitment in liver corresponds to the expression pattern of the circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα. Rev-erbα colocalizes with HDAC3 near genes regulating lipid metabolism, and deletion of HDAC3 or Rev-erbα in mouse liver causes hepatic steatosis. Thus, genomic recruitment of HDAC3 by Rev-erbα directs a circadian rhythm of histone acetylation and gene expression required for normal hepatic lipid homeostasis.     

Failure to regulate TNF-induced NF-kappaB and cell death responses in A20-deficient mice

A20 is a cytoplasmic zinc finger protein that inhibits nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated programmed cell death (PCD). TNF dramatically increases A20 messenger RNA expression in all tissues. Mice deficient for A20 develop severe inflammation and cachexia, are hypersensitive to both lipopolysaccharide and TNF, and die prematurely. A20-deficient cells fail to terminate TNF-induced NF-kappaB responses. These cells are also more susceptible than control cells to undergo TNF-mediated PCD. Thus, A20 is critical for limiting inflammation by terminating TNF-induced NF-kappaB responses in vivo.     

牙鲆胚后发育阶段HDAC1基因的空间表达

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)可通过调节染色质结构和抑制特异性转录因子活性来调控细胞生长和分化。鉴于HDACs在蝌蚪变态发育过程中的作用,本研究克隆了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)HDAC1基因全长cDNA序列,并调查了其在牙鲆变态前和变态阶段的空间表达。牙鲆HDAC1全长cDNA序列为2 540 bp,包含长度为126 bp的5'UTR,1 470 bp的ORF和944 bp的3'UTR。HDAC1基因在牙鲆变态前以及变态阶段均有表达,这和蝌蚪中仅在变态前表达的现象不同。HDAC1在冠状幼鳍上的表达是随着幼鳍原基的生长发育逐渐增强的,直至冠状幼鳍分化成形后,基因表达减弱;随着牙鲆仔鱼肠道的变粗变短,HDAC1在肠壁的表达强度逐渐增强,孵化后第16天(16DAH)开始减弱并最终消失;鳍褶中HDAC1在9DAH开始表达,18DAH时主要在鳍褶基部表达,进入变态阶段,HDAC1可见在支鳍骨上表达,在变态高峰期表达最为强烈。在整个变态发育期HDAC1在鳃上均表达,变态开始后表达逐渐增强,而到变态后期表达减弱。牙鲆变态前及变态阶段的HDAC1基因表达模式表明,HDAC1参与了牙鲆冠状幼鳍、鳍条、肠道等多种器官的发育调控以及变态阶段眼睛移动的过程。     

淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长相关基因HDAC1克隆及其表达分析

【目的】分析组蛋白去乙酰基酶1基因（HDAC1）在不同淡水生长特性家系凡纳滨对虾中的表达情况,明确HDAC1基因在对虾淡水养殖过程中的功能作用,为揭示凡纳滨对虾生长调控的分子机制提供参考依据。【方法】通过RACE克隆凡纳滨对虾HADC1基因cDNA序列,利用DNAMAN、ProtParam、ProtScale、PSOR...     

Activation by IKKalpha of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-kappa B signaling pathway

In mammals, the canonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway activated in response to infections is based on degradation of IkappaB inhibitors. This pathway depends on the IkappaB kinase (IKK), which contains two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta. IKKbeta is essential for inducible IkappaB phosphorylation and degradation, whereas IKKalpha is not. Here we show that IKKalpha is required for B cell maturation, formation of secondary lymphoid organs, increased expression of certain NF-kappaB target genes, and processing of the NF-kappaB2 (p100) precursor. IKKalpha preferentially phosphorylates NF-kappaB2, and this activity requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases, one of which may be NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). IKKalpha is therefore a pivotal component of a second NF-kappaB activation pathway based on regulated NF-kappaB2 processing rather than IkappaB degradation.     

Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha

The gene encoding inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) kinase alpha (IKKalpha; also called IKK1) was disrupted by gene targeting. IKKalpha-deficient mice died perinatally. In IKKalpha-deficient fetuses, limb outgrowth was severely impaired despite unaffected skeletal development. The epidermal cells in IKKalpha-deficient fetuses were highly proliferative with dysregulated epidermal differentiation. In the basal layer, degradation of IkappaB and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were not observed. Thus, IKKalpha is essential for NF-kappaB activation in the limb and skin during embryogenesis. In contrast, there was no impairment of NF-kappaB activation induced by either interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IKKalpha-deficient embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes, indicating that IKKalpha is not essential for cytokine-induced activation of NF-kappaB.