高山鼠兔消化系统中酶的分布和活性分析

为掌握高山鼠兔消化系统的生理生化特征,试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法,对高山鼠兔消化系统中(食道、胃、小肠、大肠、盲肠、肝脏、胰脏)酯酶(EST)同工酶、淀粉酶(AMY)同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行分离、分析。结果表明:高山鼠兔7种组织中共分离EST1~EST32、电泳迁移率为0.733~0.073的32条谱带,活性顺序为肝脏胰脏食道小肠盲肠大肠胃;共分离AMY1~AMY19、电泳迁移率为0.576~0.022的19条谱带,活性顺序为大肠胰脏小肠盲肠食道胃肝脏;共分离出LDH1~LDH_(3X)、LDH_3~LDH_5,电泳迁移率为0.361~0.116的6条谱带,活性顺序为肝脏﹥胰脏﹥食道﹥小肠﹥胃﹥盲肠﹥大肠。7种组织中EST同工酶、AMY同工酶、LDH同工酶的表达强度、谱带分布有所不同,存在明显的组织特异性。     

三角城藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法对83只三角城藏羊的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶酶谱进行分析。结果发现:①红细胞LDH同工酶总共有11条区带;②第1区带的电泳迁移率为54.3％,第11区带的电泳迁移率为25.0％;③红细胞LDH有两种电泳表型,78只羊为LDHⅠ型,占93.98％,5只羊为LDHⅡ型,占6.02％。     

不同品系鸡淀粉酶同工酶的遗传研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳法研究了罗斯褐、星杂283、星杂579、艾维茵和印第安河等4个品系鸡血清以及星杂288、艾维茵、印第安河鸡羽毛的淀粉酶同工酶的遗传控制谱型、表型频率和基因频率。鸡的血清和羽毛淀粉酶同工酶谱分为A、C、D,B、C、D和A、B、C、D 3种类型的酶区带,并显示AA、AB、BB的表型特征,各品系鸡以AB表型频率最高;其次,罗斯褐、艾维茵和印第安河鸡为AA型;星杂238和星杂579鸡为BB型。显示A基因(Amy-1A)频率高的是艾维茵、印第安河和罗斯褐鸡,星杂579、星杂288则显示基因(Amy-1 B) 频率高。同一品系鸡的父母代(母系)和商品代(母鸡)之间的淀粉酶同工酶表型频率和基因频率者未见差异(P>0.05)。本试验建立了鸡羽毛淀粉酶同工酶的检测方法,此方法简便,测定结果与血清样品比较也未见差异(P>0.05),故可用羽毛代替血清测定鸡的淀粉酶同工酶。     

牦牛睾丸附睾LDH同工酶表达模式的研究

利用比色法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术对6、12、18、24月龄半血野牦牛、横交半血野牦牛和家牦牛睾丸、附睾组织LDH同工酶活性及谱带表达进行测析.结果表明睾九、附睾LDH在相同月龄其表达模式不同,6月龄睾丸LDH有4条酶谱,活性百分率依次(LDH1＞LDH3＞LDH2＞LDH4),附睾只有3条酶谱(LDH1＞LDH2＞LDH3);到12、18月龄时,睾丸LDH有5条酶谱(LDH1＞LDH3＞LDH2＞LDH2＞LDH4＞LDH5),附睾4条酶漕(LDH1＞LDH2＞LDH3＞LDH4),睾丸和附睾LDH同工酶随月龄增长和睾丸组织发育,活性和酶谱表现出明显组织器官的特异性.3种类型牦牛LDH同工酶表达基本相似.24月龄时,睾丸、附睾LDH有6条谱带,LDH-X位于LDH4与LDH5之间,证明此时牦公牛睾丸中精子成熟.     

犬睾丸和精子乳酸脱氢酶—X（LDH—X）的研究

前言许多动物睾丸组织和精子中,有一种特殊的LDH(乳酸脱氢酶)同工酶蛋白质,它在电泳和作用方面明显地不同于机体其它组织中 LDH 同工酶,Blanco 等(1963)把这种酶称之为 LDH-X.据报道,人类睾丸和精子 LDH-X 带位于 LDH_3及LDH_4之间,牛、绵羊、兔和犬 LDH-X 带位于LDA_4和 LDH_3之间,鼠和鸽 LDH-X 带位于LDH_5之后.     

血清乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶活性对猪瘟胎盘感染的临床诊断意义

乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase,简称LDH)是一种同工酶,血清中LDH用电泳的方法分离可得到五种同工酶(LDH_(1-5)),这5种LDH同工酶在分子组成上的差异是受基因控制的,是基因分化的产物,这种分化有明显的组织器官特异性,因     

鹅细小病毒侵染雏鹅组织器官的氧化/脱氢酶及同工酶研究

酶是催化代谢途径的高效活性基因产物,应激环境和遗传基础的不同导致同工酶结构或活性差异,使不同组织和发育阶段的酶种类和活性表现特异性变化。采用生化分析试验技术和PAGE分析鹅细小病毒(GPV)感染雏鹅氧化/脱氢酶(LDH、ADH、POD、CAT)的活性及同工酶特征变异,结果表明,GPV感染雏鹅的脑、心脏、脾脏组织新出现1条POD同工酶谱带,肺脏组织消失1条同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅的肝脏、脾脏组织分别缺失慢区3条和1条CAT同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅组织器官的LDH和ADH同工酶仅显示1~2个慢区带,肺脏缺失1条慢区ADH同工酶谱带,ADH活性降低了13.61%~61.08%,心脏增高1.2倍;POD、CAT、LDH活性分别增强1.2~6、1.5~3.5、2~2.5倍,而脑、肺脏的CAT活性降低了40.29%和94.68%,心脏、肺脏的LDH活性降低了75.93%和91.81%。提示氧化/脱氢酶产生的广泛变异是GPV感染应激与宿主氧化/脱氢酶基因表达的互作效应,其酶的谱型、活性等生化特征变异,直接或间接调控代谢途径、影响生理机能及病理性能,敏感的氧化/脱氢酶是研究病毒基因型与宿主遗传易感性互作病理学机制的有效标记物。     

豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴和宿主（兔）的同工酶,蛋白质比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分离出豆状囊尾蚴囊液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶4～5条酶带,酯酶同工酶1条酶带,蛋白质6～9条区带;豆状囊尾蚴囊壁和头节乳酸脱氢酶同工酶3～4条酶带,酯酶同工酶无,蛋白质17条区带;细颈囊尾蚴囊液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶1～4条酶带,酯酶同工酶1～3条酶带,蛋白质7～10条区带;宿主——兔腹水乳酸脱氢酶同工酶5条酶带,酯酶同工酶3～5条酶带,蛋白质13～16条区带。并作了豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴囊液同工酶、蛋白质和豆状囊尾蚴与宿主的同工酶、蛋白质相互关系的详细分析,结果表明豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴的同工酶和蛋白质具有差异和两者可能存在交叉免疫;豆状囊尾蚴的酶蛋白和蛋白质来源独立于宿主,但在一定程度上受宿主的影响。     

天峻县藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对100只天峻县藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶（RBC-LDH）同工酶酶谱及多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①红细胞LDH同工酶总共有11条区带；②第1区带的电泳迁移率为51.4%，第11区带的电泳迁移率为24.5%；③红细胞LDH有两种电泳表型，96只羊为LDH I型，占96%，4只羊为LDHⅡ型，占4%。     

棕黑锦蛇雌雄个体不同器官/组织同工酶比较分析

为了研究棕黑锦蛇雌雄个体不同器官/组织同工酶,试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法对棕黑锦蛇心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、大脑、肺脏、睾丸7种器官/组织(雌性6种)中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酯酶(EST)进行分离、分析。结果表明:棕黑锦蛇不同组织中共分离出LDH1~LDH5、电泳迁移率为0.129~0.291的5条谱带,共分离出SOD1~SOD13、电泳迁移率为0.093~0.954的13条谱带,共分离出EST1~EST9、电泳迁移率为0.121~0.595的9条谱带。各种器官/组织中,心脏中LDH同工酶活力最强,肝脏中SOD同工酶活力最强,肾脏中EST同工酶活力最强。棕黑锦蛇雌雄个体之间及同一个体、不同器官/组织之间同工酶谱带分布和酶的活性存在明显差异。     

Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes in tissues of laboratory animals

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme distributions in tissues of the ICR mouse, Wistar rat, guinea pig and golden hamster were analyzed by histoelectrophoresis. Tissues obtained were as follows: liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, heart, femoral muscle, uterus, kidney, spleen, lymph node, cerebrum, spinal cord and erythrocyte. Histoelectrophoresis was for the direct analysis of LDH and CPK isoenzymes in the tissues and had high practical value compared with previous tissue-extraction methods. In tissues of the mouse, guinea pig and golden hamster, LDH isoenzymes showed five bands. In the rat, LDH isoenzyme was separated into four fractions. CPK isoenzyme showed three bands; BB, MB and MM. In some tissues, the MM band was separated into two sub fractions.     

进化水平不同的动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酸胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳分析了进化水平不同的17种动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶.17种动物是鲤鱼、中华大蟾蜍、蝮蛇、罗斯蛋鸡、山鸡、紫貂、银狐、貉、梅花鹿、马鹿、黑白花奶牛、新疆细毛绵羊、猪、马、大耳白兔、昆明小鼠和猴.在同一凝胶板、同一条件下,对这些动物和人血清LDH同工酶谱分析表明,LDH同工酶谱在各类动物之间存在明显差异.进化比较低级的动物(杂交鲤鱼除外),血清LDH同工酶谱带迁移率较小,接近阴极;反之,进化比较高级的动物,同工酶谱带迁移率较大,接近阳极.亲缘关系相近的动物,LDH同工酶谱相似.表明LDH同工酶谱带的差异与动物间的亲缘关系有关.同种不同个体的动物LDH同工酶谱差异不明显,只有杂交鲤鱼个体LDH同工酶谱存在明显差异.     

不同品系鸡血浆转铁蛋白、血红蛋白和红细胞酯酶D多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法测定了6个品系鸡的血浆转铁蛋白(Tf)、血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞酯酶D(EsD)的遗传多态性.转铁蛋白出现5种表型,受Tf~A、Tf~B、TP~C3个共显性等位基因控制;血红蛋白出现5种表型,受Hb~F、Hb~(M1)、Hb~(M2)3个共显性等位基因控制;红细胞酯酶D出现5种表型,受EsD~1、EsD~2、EsD~3、EsD~4、EsD~55个共显性等位基因控制.各品系鸡之间的Tf、Hb、EsD的基因频率是不同的.根据基因频率计算遗传距离并用类平均法进行聚类分析.3种肉用鸡中艾维茵和塔特姆亲缘关系最近,罗斯褐鸡与3种肉用鸡亲缘关系较近,而与其它蛋用型鸡亲缘关系较远.     

Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the tissues and sera of clinically normal dogs

The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the percentage distribution of its isoenzymes in the tissues and sera of clinically normal adult dogs are presented. Total LDH activity was greatest in skeletal muscle followed by heart muscle, kidney, small intestinal mucosa, liver, lung, pancreas and bone. Each tissue had a unique isoenzyme pattern and the proportions of the isoenzymes in serum suggested that liver is the source of normal serum LDH. The tissue isoenzyme patterns were similar to those obtained by other authors in human beings, horses, cattle, sheep and cats although in liver, differences between ruminants and monogastric animals including dogs were evident. The data presented provide a basis for the interpretation of serum LDH isoenzyme patterns in canine disease.     

Growth and Development of Testes in Domesticated and Hybrid(wild × domesticated)Yak Bulls

Testicular tissue was studied in domesticated yak and in wild yak × domesticated yak(F1 and F2)bulls at 6,12,18 and 24 months of age by stereology for quautitative histology and by comparative studies on the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)isoenzyme spectrum, LDH activity and the percentage content of LDH isoenzymes in testes. The results indicated that all three types of yak were similar in both the characteristics of ultrastructure of testicular tissue and the degree of germ cell development. The process of spermatogenesis was initiated and sperm were produced for the first time at the age of 12months in all three yak types. All yak types exhibited similar age-related, increases in weight of testes,volume density of both the seminiferous tubules and seminiferous epithelium and height of seminiferous epithelium but all these indexes were slightly affected by season. The number of LDH isoenzyme bands after electrophoresis varied with age as follows: four bands were present at 6 months of age, five bands at 12 and 18 months and six bands at 24 months of age. The sixth band was LDH -x ,which appeared between the LDH4 and LDH5 band. These results indicated that yak bulls reach sexual maturity at 24months of age and that puberty is not affected by infusion of wild strains.     

绵羊组织器官LDH同工酶特异性研究

本研究利用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对绵羊的８种组织器官ＬＤＨ同工酶的分布及相对活性进行了分析测定。比较ＬＤＨ同工酶的酶谱特征。结果表明，绵羊的ＬＤＨ同工酶分布特征不同于其它动物，其相对活性有显著差异。骨骼肌中ＬＤＨ５活性比ＬＤＨ１强，Ｍ亚基比例大于Ｈ亚基；肝脏和心脏中ＬＤＨ１的活性最强。     

初生北京鸭4种组织LDH同工酶的分析

本文用薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳对初生北京鸭的４种组织进行同工酶分析，结果表明初生北京鸭肝脏具有１１条区带，胸肌具有９条区带，肾脏具有１０条区带，心脏具有９条区带。从它们的Ａ亚基和Ｂ亚基的相对百分量的比值中可看出心脏和肾脏中的Ｂ亚基含量比肝脏中的多，相反，肝脏的Ａ亚基含量比心脏和肾脏含量多。胸肌的Ａ亚基和Ｂ基含量则是相近似的。     

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution and patterns in chicken organs

Unlike most mammals, chicken lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes cannot be separated using the 'Titan-Gel' electrophoresis. However, using isoelectric focusing at a pH range of 3.0 to 9.0, a good and clear separation of all five isoenzymes was achieved. Generally, three characteristic groups were seen: (a) those having a cathodic domination (breast muscle and serum) with mainly lactate dehydrogenase-5 (b) those having an anodic domination (heart, muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, erythrocytes) of mainly lactate dehydrogenase - 1 and 2 and (c) those with a more uniform distribution (spleen, lung, and brain).The total lactate dehydrogenase activity was the highest in the breast muscle, followed by the heart muscle, liver and serum with the lowest activities in the lung and pancreas.     

LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in the blood plasma of horses with elevated CK, LDH and AST activities

The distribution of LDH and CK isoenzymes in blood plasma of ten clinically sound Thoroughbreds with reasonable performance and without elevated clinico-chemical blood variables (reference group) was compared with 57 Thoroughbreds, which had histories of mild locomotor disturbances and/or poor performance and had elevated CK, LDH and/or AST activities (trial group). The trial group was subdivided according to the number of altered blood variables and in the groups with two as well as three altered blood variables also according to the extent of alteration of the total CK activity. The pattern of LDH and CK isoenzyme distribution in the blood plasma of the reference group was the following: 22% LDH1, 36% LDH2, 34% LDH3, 6% LDH4 and 2% LDH5 as well as 75% CK1 and 15% CK2. The remaining 10% of the plasma electropherogram could not be alloted to any one of the two CK bands. All trial groups built showed a similar pattern of changes in their isoenzyme distribution independent on kind and combination of altered enzyme activities. The shares of CK1, LDH4 and LDH5 were significantly increased whilst the shares of CK2, LDH1 and LDH2 decreased. A multiple analysis of variance demonstrated that only increased total CK activities had a pronounced effect on distribution of LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in the trial group (p less than 0.01 for LDH2, LDH3, LDH4, CK1 and p less than 0.05 for CK2). The conclusion of the study was that the altered distribution pattern of LDH and CK isoenzymes of the trial group signalized an increased skeletal muscle membrane leakage.