中国旱地农业的发展现状及措施

水资源紧缺已成为我国经济发展和环境建设的制约因素。要注视发展节水高效灌溉农业及旱地农业。该文论述了我国旱地农业的发展现状及其存在的问题，明确了旱地农业在节水农业中的地位与作用，并认为我国旱地农业的可持续发展应以提高用水效率作为农业节水的核心，提高旱地作物生产力为目标，服务于旱地农业地区社会经济、食物、资源、环境的可持续发展。最后针对我国旱地农业的特点，提出了工程节水及生物节水等若干技术措施，探讨了未来旱地农业高效用水技术的发展前景。     

基于潜力衰减模型的东北-华北平原旱作区耕地生产力评价

在中国耕地资源日益紧缺、粮食安全问题愈发严峻的背景下,耕地生产力研究具有重要的现实意义。该研究以东北-华北平原旱作区为研究区域,以主要粮食作物玉米的光温生产潜力空间分布数据及相关县域统计数据为基础,结合土地利用、降水、土壤、社会经济等数据,运用潜力衰减模型,研究评价了东北-华北平原旱作区1995-2015年耕地生产力时空格局及其影响因素。结果表明:研究区光温-水生产力、光温-水-土生产力、光温-水-土-社会经济生产力均整体呈现东北平原旱作区高于华北平原旱作区的空间格局,且在东北平原旱作区和华北平原旱作区内部也均表现出南高北低的宏观趋势;通过分析各环境因子的订正系数发现,人为社会经济投入对当前耕地生产力的保障极为重要,特别是在耕地自然条件逐渐变差的华北平原旱作区表现的尤为显著;水分因子产量差在空间上整体呈现南低北高、东低西高的分布格局,土壤因子产量差明显呈现南高北低的空间格局,社会经济因子产量差呈现明显的北高南低空间格局,这与中国水热条件的地带性分布、东北平原地区优质的土壤条件及较高的自然禀赋等因素有关;研究区社会经济因子产量差>土壤因子产量差>水分因子产量差,且社会经济因子产量差在华北平原旱作区整体较小、土壤因子产量差在东北平原旱作区整体较小,进一步说明了社会经济投入是维系华北平原旱作区耕地生产力的最重要因素,而耕地本身的立地条件是保障东北平原旱作区耕地生产力的最主要原因。潜力衰减模型的应用对大尺度区域耕地生产力研究的方法创新方面有所裨益,评价结果可为不同农业区保持高产、稳产及耕地保育等方面提供科学参考。     

基于空间平滑法的旱作区粮食产量时空变化与影响因素研究

在中国北方水资源约束愈发严峻的情境下,旱作区粮食产量格局及其驱动因素研究具有重要的现实意义。以1995—2015年县域粮食统计数据为基础,结合土地利用栅格数据等资料,应用空间平滑法,对东北及华北平原旱作区粮食产量的空间格局与演化过程进行了研究。在此基础上,分析了不同农业区影响粮食产量的自然及社会经济驱动因素。结果发现:1)近20a东北-华北平原旱作区粮食产量整体稳步提高,高产区范围逐渐扩大,具有明显的空间集聚特征,且华北平原旱作区粮食总产高于东北平原旱作区;2)粮食产量增速以中速增产为主,其次依次为慢速增产、高速增产、绝对减产,且东北平原旱作区粮食增产速率高于华北平原旱作区;3)东北平原旱作区粮食单产整体高于华北平原旱作区,且经过空间平滑处理后粮食单产栅格像元频率分布基本呈高斯分布,与客观规律相契合;而随着时间演替,直方图像元的峰值逐渐右移,且单产栅格呈逐渐分散的趋势,表明耕地生产力水平整体提升的同时差距也随之扩大;4)自然因素中的年均气温与燕山-太行山山麓平原农业区的粮食单产的相关性最高,年降水量及汇流能力与冀鲁豫低洼平原农业区的粮食单产的相关性最高,土壤类型与松嫩-三江平原农业区的粮食单产的相关性最高;5)粮食单产与社会经济因素的分析结果表明,粮食生产由劳动密集型逐渐向技术密集型方向转变,农业机械化的投入对研究区特别是东北平原旱作区的贡献尤为明显,化肥投入对研究区粮食增产始终发挥着巨大作用,而灌溉条件对于华北平原旱作区粮食生产的保障起到重要作用。研究结果可为粮食产量时空格局研究的方法创新方面有所裨益,并对不同农业区保持高产、稳产及耕地保育等方面提供参考。     

黄淮海旱作区土壤压实度空间分布特征及其影响因素

为探究旱作区农田不同层次土壤压实度特征,基于2017年采集的255个土壤样品,运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法、地统计学和冗余分析等方法,探究黄淮海旱作区耕作层和压实层空间分布特征,分析不同层次的土壤压实度的空间变异特性及影响因素,并提出了最佳土壤压实度范围。研究结果表明:旱作区耕作层和压实层厚度均呈现由北向南递增的趋势,耕作层最大厚度可达22.50 cm,最低仅有10.21 cm;压实层厚度最大可达17.50 cm,最小值也达到7.50 cm。从不同层次来看,耕作层和压实层的压实度具有空间分布一致性,耕作层压实度高值区主要分布在河南省东部、安徽北部及河北北部地区,最大值可达87.68%以上,低值区则主要集中在山东西北部以及河北南部地区。和压实层压实度相比,耕作层压实度是影响粮食产量的主要因素,且在70%～80%时获得较高产量。分析表明,土壤压实度受到年降水量、平均气温、土壤自然属性等环境因子和机械耕作等人为因素综合作用的影响。研究结果可为黄淮海农田土壤压实情况的改善及管理措施的科学制定提供理论支撑。     

黄土高原旱地不同施肥对土壤肥力与产量的影响

Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with three replicates arranged in a completely randomized design: 1) CK (no fertilizer); 2) N (N 120 kg ha-1); 3) P (P 26.2 kg ha-1); 4) NP (N 120, P 26.2 kg ha-1-2); 5) M (manure 75 t ha-1); 6) NM (N 120 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 7) PM (P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 8) NPM (N 120 , P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); and 9) fallow (no fertilizer, no crop). N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea and P was applied as calcium super phosphate. The results showed that precipitation had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Manure (M), NP, PM, NM, and NPM treatments significantly increased (P < 0.05) average yield. In the NP, PM, NM and NPM treatments, the percentage increases in yield due to fertilization were highest in normal years, and lowest in the drought years. Long-term P application enhanced soil available P markedly, and manure applications contributed more to soil fertility than chemical fertilizers alone. Chemical fertilizers applied together with manure distinctly improved soil fertility. The results also showed that the soil nutrient concentration changed mainly in the 0--60 cm layers and fertilization and planting only slightly affected soil nutrients below the 100 cm layers.     

Interactions between soil conservation and dryland farming of heterogeneously eroding areas in Loess Hills,China

The unidirectional impacts of soil conservation on dryland farming and local livelihood have been well studied. However, there are gaps in literature regarding the interactions among factors, such as labor force and financial capital, in response to soil conservation, as well as the influence of such interactions on the relationships between environmental projects and agricultural development. By combining the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) model and statistical analyses, this study investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics of soil erosion while also identifying the controlling factors that affect crop and livestock farming. The aim was to reveal how these factors interacted to influence agriculture in two case study areas between 2000 and 2017. The results showed that soil erosion substantially declined as a consequence of soil conservation, while the output from crop farming increased, indicating that there was a synergy between soil conservation and dryland farming in both the districts, over time; and factors facilitating crop farming, such as labor force, agricultural machinery, and irrigation, appeared to exert an adverse effect on livestock farming in both areas, implying a tradeoff between livestock and crop farming in the context of programs such as the Grain for Green Program (GGP) in the Loess Hills. Such a tradeoff is a result of the competition for cropland and labor that exists due to grazing prohibition and rural-urban migration. Therefore, policy-related resolutions are required to address the land use conflicts and migration-related rural labor losing due to implementation of the GGP in the Loess Hills.     

退耕还林（草）对农牧交错区小流域景观格局的影响——以神木县六道沟小流域为例

为了解退耕还林（草）工程对黄土高原农牧交错区小流域土地利用及景观格局的影响,利用RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,选择景观格局指数,对研究区退耕还林（草）前（1995--2002年）后（2002--2010年）的土地利用和景观格局时空变化特征进行分析研究。结果表明：1）退耕还林（草）前,景观格局变化幅度较小,具体表现为研究区面积比例、聚集度指数以及各景观类型的变化幅度比较小,退耕还林（草）后,小流域景观格局发生了剧烈演变,具体表现为耕地面积比例急剧减小,林草地面积比例迅速增加以及斑块边界复杂性下降;2）1995--2010年,研究区景观蔓延度指数从46．26升高到47．54,多样性指数从1．67下降到1．65,从以耕地、草地和林地为主的景观生态系统转变为以草地和林地景观为主的景观异质程度较低的景观生态系统;3）退耕还林（草）工程是研究区景观格局良性演化的主要驱动力。     

东北典型黑土区耕地质量时空变化研究

为揭示东北典型黑土区耕地质量时空变化特征,本研究遵循《耕地质量等级》(GB/T 33469—2016)国家标准,在利用特尔菲法选取16个评价指标、层次分析法确定评价指标权重的基础上,建立了东北典型黑土区耕地质量评价指标体系,借助ArcGIS软件对研究区2008年和2018年耕地质量进行同一指标体系和同一分级标准的耕地质量评价,旨在掌握研究区10年间的耕地质量时空变化特征,探究耕地质量变化原因。结果表明:东北典型黑土区耕地质量2008年以中低等地为主,平均耕地质量等级为5.14, 2018年以中高等地为主,平均耕地质量等级为3.92, 10年间东北典型黑土区耕地质量等级提升了1.22个等级;其中, 1～4等地面积均有增加,5～10等地面积均减少,10年间研究区评价单元耕地质量等级提升最多为8个等级,下降最多为7个等级,耕地质量等级提升的评价单元总面积是等级下降评价单元总面积的3.5倍。10年间东北典型黑土区的中西部和西北部耕地质量上升较为明显,而其南部和东北部质量下降的耕地分布较多。本研究规范了研究区耕地质量时空对比分析的依据,合理揭示了其时空变化特征,为该区域今后耕地质量提升工作指明了方向,对今后进一步可持续利用和管理黑土地具有积极意义。     

东北典型黑土区农耕土壤团聚体流失特征

通过野外原位模拟降雨试验,研究了东北典型黑土区3种降雨强度(30、60和90 mm h-1)下农耕地坡面侵蚀过程的土壤团聚体流失特征,分析了流失团聚体特征指标(平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)、平均重量比表面积(MWSSA)、≥1 mm粒级团聚体比例(PA1)、≥2 mm粒级团聚体比例(PA2)、≥0.25 mm粒级团聚体比例(PA0.25))的变化规律。结果表明:降雨强度对典型黑土区农耕地坡面侵蚀有显著影响;次降雨初期侵蚀量占整个降雨过程总侵蚀量的比例随着降雨强度的增加而增大。在30 mm h-1降雨强度下,团聚体流失以0.25 mm粒级团聚体为主,其占团聚体流失总量的90.0%;在60 mm h-1降雨强度下,团聚体流失以0.25和0.5~1 mm粒级团聚体为主,二者占团聚体流失总量的63.7%;而90 mm h-1降雨强度下,团聚体流失以0.25和2~5 mm粒级团聚体为主,二者分别占团聚体流失总量的31.7%和31.2%。PA0.25、PA1、PA2、MWD和GMD与降雨强度和含沙量之间均呈现极显著正相关关系;MWSSA和D与降雨强度和含沙量之间呈现极显著负相关关系。研究结果还表明,PA1、MWD和GMD皆能较好地表征典型黑土区农耕土壤的团聚体流失特征。     

Effects of land-use changes on soil organic nitrogen fractions in the black soil region of Northeast China

Soil organic nitrogen (SON) accounts for more than 90% of the total nitrogen (TN) in black soil and is one of the most important indicators of soil fertility. However, the effect of land-use changes on SON fractions is still unclear in black soil. Hence, natural grassland (uncultivated), farmland (converted from natural grassland), and artificial forestland (grain plots converted into forests) in the black soil region of Northeast China were selected for research. TN, available nitrogen (AN) and SON fractions (ammonia nitrogen (AMN), amino acid nitrogen (AAN), hydrolysable unknown nitrogen (HUN), acid insoluble nitrogen (AIN)) in the topsoil (0–20 cm), and subsoil (20–40 cm) were analysed and compared with elucidate the effects of land-use changes on SON fractions. The results showed that compared with natural grasslands, the contents of TN and AN in farmlands were 49.1%–67.4% and 48.0%–67.7% less, respectively, and the content of AAN decreased the most in SON fractions, by 52.2%–76.7%, followed by the content of AMN, which decreased by 46.9%–70.7%. The contents of TN and AN in the artificial forestland increased by 18.8% and 30.6%, respectively, compared with those in the farmland. Other than AAN, the content of the SON fractions in the artificial forestland soils was greater than that of the farmland, and the content of HUN increased the most in the SON fractions, by 29.6%, followed by the content of AIN, which increased by 25.8%. The proportions of AMN and AAN in the TN of the natural grassland were 1.2 and 1.7 times those of the artificial forestland, respectively. In conclusion, after natural grassland is converted to farmland, it will destroy the original soil structure, change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, significantly reduce the soil nitrogen supply potential, and significantly decrease nitrogen accumulation. The conversion of grain plots into forestland significantly improved the soil nitrogen storage capacity, but the potential nitrogen supply did not reach the levels of the uncultivated lands. Changes in land use types lead to changes in soil structure and vegetation cover, which in turn alter soil nitrogen cycling. These results provide a scientific basis for evaluating the nitrogen supply capacity of different land-use types. The study suggests that the land use structure in the area should be properly matched to restore soil nitrogen reservoirs and maintain and improve soil fertility, taking into account local environmental conditions.     

Landscape-scale soil quality change under different farming systems of a tropical farm in Hainan, China

Abstract. The impact of different tropical farming systems on soil quality was examined using a systematic sampling strategy. Total organic C, pH, extractable P, exchangeable K, bulk density, water stable aggregates, microbial biomass C, cation exchange capacity, soil depth, and clay content were determined. An assessment framework, including a minimum data set, linear scoring functions and weighted additive indices, was used to evaluate the soil quality of a tropical farm growing various crops in Hainan, China. Soil quality was evaluated according to four functions: water availability, nutrient availability, rooting suitability, and erosion resistance. Our results showed that soils were intrinsically lacking in nutrients and vulnerable to degradation, and that these problems were exacerbated by inappropriate management. There was strong evidence that long-term rubber farming caused soil acidification, soil compaction, and depletion of organic matter and nutrients. By contrast, conservation practices in coffee plantations protected or improved organic matter concentration and soil structure, resulting in higher soil quality indices.     

东北平原粮食主产区公主岭市种植业系统的能值分析

应用生态经济系统能值分析理论与方法,以东北平原粮食主产区公主岭市为例,通过一系列的能值指标,定量分析了该县主要粮食作物玉米、大豆、水稻系统的能值流动,评价了该县这3种作物系统环境资源基础和经济特征,玉米、大豆和水稻的太阳能值转换率分别为1.95×10⁴、4.98×10⁴和3.59×10⁴。结果表明：大豆的能值最高,水稻次之,玉米最低;总体而言,2002年吉林省公主岭市种植业系统的发展程度相对较高,提高系统的能值投入重点应是提高农业科技含量和可更新有机能值的投入及科学管理力度,才能使公主岭市种植业系统走上持续发展的轨道。     

东北典型薄层黑土区土壤可蚀性模型适用性分析

土壤可蚀性是土壤侵蚀预报和环境效应评价模型的重要参数。该文选取东北典型薄层黑土区宾州河流域为研究区,通过校验极细砂粒含量转换式,分析侵蚀—生产力影响模型(erosion productivity impact calculator,EPIC)、通用土壤流失方程(universal soil loss equation,USLE)和修正土壤流失方程(revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE2)3种模型K值估算方法间的差异,以探讨各估算方法在东北典型薄层黑土区的适用性。结果表明:与实测值相比,RUSLE2模型整体"低估"极细砂粒含量,平均低估22.5%;建立的薄层黑土区极细砂粒含量转换方程可使估算精度提高95%以上。RUSLE2模型K值估算方法适用于薄层黑土区。EPIC与USLE模型K值估算方法均"高估"薄层黑土区的土壤可蚀性,但通过建立的修正方程进行校正,仍可用于中国东北薄层黑土区K值估算。该研究可为薄层黑土区及相似地区的土壤侵蚀定量评价和土壤质量危险性评价提供必要的科学依据。     

东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌群落组成研究

为明确东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌的群落组成,选择内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗、黑龙江省海伦市、黑龙江省克山县和黑龙江省农垦红兴隆农场4个采样点,分析了大豆根际自生固氮菌、解磷菌、溶磷菌和硅酸盐细菌的群落组成,解析了促生菌种与地域之间的对应关系。结果表明:东北黑土区的大豆根际土壤中存在大量促生菌,自生固氮菌达到104cfu.g 1,溶磷菌和解磷菌达到105cfu.g 1,硅酸盐细菌达到103cfu.g 1;分离得到具有自生固氮能力的菌株5株,溶磷菌6株,解磷菌7株,硅酸盐细菌4株;自生固氮菌多样性指数在0.94~1.60之间,溶磷菌多样性指数在0.83~1.52之间,解磷菌的多样性指数在1.07~1.67之间,硅酸盐细菌多样性指数在0.52~0.96之间,4个取样点大豆根际促生菌的多样性指数均大于2。采用对应分析确定了不同地区的典型促生菌,内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN8(Azotobacter beijerinckia indica),黑龙江省海伦市的特征种为溶磷菌DHS13(Micrococcus),黑龙江省克山县的特征种为溶磷菌DHS19(Pseudomo-nas),黑龙江省红兴隆农场的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN1(A.chrooco-ccum)和溶磷菌DHS5(Azotobacter)。同时明确了LLN2(A.azomonas)、LLN6(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、DHS9(Arthrobacter)、DHSO2(Pseudomonas)、DHSO14(Erwinia)、DHSO17(Corynebacterium)和LSJ21(Bacillus)在东北黑土区大豆根际分布较为广泛,这些菌株为研发中国东北黑土区大豆专用型复合生物肥料提供了基础条件。     

东北典型黑土区侵蚀沟形态及分布特征

东北黑土区是中国最重要的粮食生产基地之一,同时也是中国四大水蚀区之一,其中沟道侵蚀是水蚀发生的主要形式,掌握东北黑土区沟道侵蚀的基本情况,剖析其形态及分布特征,对于分析东北黑土区沟道侵蚀的成因及水土流失治理至关重要。该研究以典型黑土区嫩江县为研究区域,利用航空遥感影像及1∶5万DEM对区域内侵蚀沟进行普查统计,并分析侵蚀沟的沟宽、沟长、纵比降等形态特征,以及海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因素对侵蚀沟分布的影响,为黑土区侵蚀沟的治理提供理论依据。研究结果表明:1)沟道侵蚀主要分布在丘陵区,沟道类型以切沟为主,冲沟影响面积仅次于切沟,研究区以小于500m的侵蚀沟为主,数量及面积分别占总数的96.67%、61.99%;2)侵蚀沟的沟宽与沟长为正相关,纵比降与沟宽、沟长为负相关;3)坡向对各类型侵蚀沟的分布影响较小,坡度对侵蚀沟的分布有一定影响,细沟和浅沟主要分布在2～6°和6～15°的坡面上,而切沟和冲沟则主要分布在0～2°、2～6°的坡面上,90%以上的细沟和浅沟、80%以上的切沟、冲沟发生在耕地上;4)嫩江县冲沟地形阈值模型拟合表明嫩江县冲沟发生的临界坡度较小,较小的坡度就能对坡面形成冲刷,出现...     

东北黑土区长期不同种植模式下土壤碳氮特征评价

土壤碳氮是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,阐明农田管理措施对土壤碳氮特征的综合影响,可为农田地力培育和土地可持续利用提供理论与技术支撑。该研究借助在吉林公主岭建立的长期定位试验,选择休闲处理与增施有机肥条件下的玉米连作、玉米-大豆轮作、大豆连作等处理,系统评价了种植模式对土壤不同形态碳氮的影响及其相互关系。经过21 a的增施有机肥,玉米连作、玉米-大豆轮作、大豆连作3个处理的耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳、全氮和有效氮比休闲处理分别提高23.5%~46.8%、4.9%~64.3%和35.4%~121.9%,其中以玉米连作处理最高(P0.05);有机碳与全氮、有效氮呈极显著的相关关系(P0.01),表明较高的有机碳会促进氮素有效性。玉米连作处理的耕层土壤微生物量碳分别比玉米-大豆轮作和大豆连作处理高23.1%和41.4%,而土壤微生物量氮则分别高37.8%和135.3%,差异显著(P0.05)。玉米连作处理下耕层2 000μm、≥250~2 000μm、≥53~250μm以及53μm的土壤团聚体结合有机碳均为最高(P0.05)。此外,玉米连作处理的高活性有机碳组分显著(P0.05)高于其他处理,其化学活性指数也显著(P0.05)高于玉米-大豆轮作处理,表明玉米连作处理下的土壤有机碳对外界环境变化较为敏感。上述研究表明,在施用有机肥的条件下,长期玉米连作可提高土壤有机碳质量分数,促进土壤氮素有效性,但应配合采用合理的耕种措施,以降低有机碳分解风险。     

红壤丘陵区生猪规模化养殖及其对土壤与水环境的影响——以江西省余江县为例

以南方红壤丘陵典型地区——江西省余江县为案例,研究了规模化养猪业发展现状及其对周边土壤和水环境的影响.结果表明,余江县2011年389家规模化养猪场出栏73.2万头,其中年出栏1 000～5 000头的猪场占规模化猪场总数50.6％.规模化猪场主要分布在中南部的低丘缓岗地带,尤其集中分布于320国道沿线.全县规模化养猪的粪、尿、污水年产生量分别约为2.96×105 t、4.64×105 t、1.09×106 t,COD、N、P、Cu、Zn污染物年排放量分别为1.96×104t、3.27 × 103t、1.25×103t、50 t和116 t.据估算全县110万头生猪养殖的粪、尿、污水年产生量分别约为4.47×105t、7.00×105 t和1.09×106t,COD、N、P、Cu、Zn污染物年排放量分别为2.96×104 t、4.94×103 t、1.89×103t、76 t和176 t.以总氮为指标,规模化猪场周边采样水体有90.9％山塘、66.6％水库、50％河流的水体水质属于劣Ⅴ类;土壤养分严重失衡,速效磷过量积累,重金属Cu、Zn在土壤中也有明显积累.因此,应加强区域生猪养殖业发展规划及规模养猪粪污无害化、资源化循环利用技术研究,以促进红壤丘陵区规模养殖业健康发展与生态环境保护.     

土壤-作物系统综合管理对中国东北冲积土有机碳特征的影响

A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM), which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems, has been successfully demonstrated to achieve both high crop productivity and high nutrient use efficiency in China, but the effects of ISSM on soil organic C(SOC) characteristics remain unknown. In this study, the effects of current farmers' practice(FP), high-yielding practice(HY), which maximizes yields without considering costs, and ISSM on the content and chemical composition of SOC were studied in a 4-year(2009–2013) field plot experiment with maize(Zea mays L.) monoculture in an Alluvic Primosol in Northeast China. The ISSM resulted in higher soil total organic C(TOC), water-soluble organic C, easily-oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, and humic acid C compared with HY and FP in the region. The SOC contents in aggregate size fractions generally followed a similar pattern to TOC. Compared with FP,HY decreased the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, percentage of 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregates, and increased the structure-deterioration rate and index of unstable aggregates. The opposite trend was observed between ISSM and HY. Solid-state ~(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bulk soil showed that ISSM had higher O-alkyl C and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio, but lower aromatic C, carbonyl C, and alkyl C/O-alkyl C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios than HY and FP. Our results suggest that ISSM improves the quantity and quality of SOC and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and aggregate stability.     

太湖地区黄泥土表层氮库变化与水稻产量间的关系研究

24年田间定位试验研究表明,长期不施肥处理和化肥PK配施处理土壤表层N呈下降趋势,而施入化肥N处理(包括化肥N、化肥NP配施、化肥NK配施、化肥NPK配施处理)N增加较缓慢,有机与无机肥结合处理土壤表层N增加迅速。以长期不施肥为对照,长期有机肥 NPK处理水稻增产最多,达35.94%。随着N肥的逐年施入,土壤表层全N含量与产量间由显著正相关关系变为相关性不显著。