椪柑果实贮藏过程中主要品质的变化研究

以椪柑果实为试材,研究了果实自然贮藏过程中部分品质指标的变化。结果表明:贮藏期间,椪柑果实的单果重、纵横径大小、可滴定酸和维生素C含量呈现降低的趋势。椪柑果实的可溶性固形物的含量经贮藏后前10 d降低,此后,随贮藏时间的延长椪柑果实的可溶性固形物的含量逐渐增加,呈现极显著上升。椪柑果实可溶性总糖的含量随贮藏时间的延长而增加。     

6种甘薯贮藏过程中4项生理指标的变化

甘薯采后不易贮藏,严重影响了鲜薯的品质、货架期和产业化加工效益,探讨甘薯贮藏保鲜技术显得尤为重要。对陕南主栽6种甘薯测定呼吸速率、丙二醛含量、过氧化氢酶活性,并对甘薯贮藏期间的水分、霉变情况进行统计,分析甘薯采后贮藏过程中生理活性变化的规律。结果表明,冷藏会刺激呼吸增强,但最终会达到一个稳定呼吸状态;霉变程度、丙二醛含量随贮藏时间延长逐渐增加,水分含量、过氧化氢酶活性随贮藏时间延长逐渐减少或降低。其中‘川紫1号’‘秦薯5号’在贮藏期霉变程度和失重率较低,丙二醛含量最低,40 d时分别为0.26、0.15μmol·g~(-1),过氧化氢酶活性最高,40 d时分别为0.79、0.77μmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1),相比其他品种较耐贮藏。     

青椒贮藏保鲜技术

青椒(辣椒)是一种营养丰富的果菜类蔬菜,富含维生素C,其含量在80～100mg/100g(可食部位),可称为蔬菜中的维生素之王,是北方地区人们所喜爱的果菜类.青椒原产于热带或亚热带,是喜温的蔬菜,以后经过人工长期栽培逐渐北移,但其对贮藏温度条件的要求比一般温带生长的蔬菜要高一些.如果将青椒长时间贮藏在较低温度条件下(一般低于6℃),则易出现冷害,其主要表现的症状是,青椒果实的表面出现凹陷的斑块,严重时连成一片,最终引起腐烂.如果把青椒贮藏在比较高的温度条件下,由于青椒果实旺盛呼吸,消耗的营养物质多,易遭到病菌的侵染而引起腐烂,除此之外,青椒在贮藏过程中易失水萎蔫和后熟转红,品质下降,影响商品价值.因此,必须选择最适宜的贮藏温度,才能延长青椒的贮藏期限.     

气调包装蔬菜贮藏中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐变化分析

以番茄、白菜、萝卜为试材,研究3种蔬菜不同贮藏过程中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量变化。结果表明:未包装蔬菜贮藏中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量随贮藏时间延长而逐渐增加;自发气调包装低温贮藏蔬菜的硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐变化趋势随贮藏时间延长呈波状起伏。3种蔬菜在贮藏中亚硝酸盐含量番茄最小,白菜次之,萝卜最大;硝酸盐含量番茄最小,萝卜与白菜硝酸盐含量接近,二者约为番茄的100倍。3种贮藏方式中,亚硝酸盐含量以包装蔬菜低温贮藏最小,包装蔬菜常温贮藏次之,未包装蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量最大;硝酸盐含量方面未包装白菜贮藏过程中明显高于包装白菜,3种贮藏方式对番茄和萝卜的硝酸盐变化影响没有明显规律。     

不同成熟度番茄果实在贮藏期间的品质变化

以京采8号为试材，研究不同成熟度番茄果实在4℃条件下随贮藏时间的品质变化，并利用番茄品质指数（TQI）对果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明：不同成熟度番茄果实的硬度均随贮藏时间的延长呈逐渐降低趋势，可溶性固形物、VC含量和糖酸比分别在贮藏3、7、7 d时最高，硝酸盐含量在贮藏3 d时最低；半熟期和坚熟期果实的可溶性糖含量在贮藏3 d时最高，完熟期果实的可溶性糖含量则在贮藏7 d时最高；半熟期和完熟期果实的有机酸含量在贮藏1 d时最高，坚熟期果实的有机酸含量则在贮藏3 d时最高；不同成熟度果实的TQI在贮藏3 d和7 d时较高。综合来看，半熟期、坚熟期和完熟期的果实，采收后在4℃条件下分别贮藏7、3、3 d，可在延长番茄货架期的同时获得果实最佳综合品质。     

超干贮藏大葱种子活力的变化

对大葱种子在自然贮藏和超干贮藏(含水量3.5%)条件下种子活力及各项生理指标的变化规律进行了研究。自然贮藏的大葱种子活力随贮藏时间延长逐渐下降,贮藏12个月后活力显著降低,SOD、POD活性显著下降,电导率、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量显著升高。而超干处理的种子贮藏18个月后,种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量均无显著变化。超干贮藏能有效延长大葱种子寿命。     

贮藏条件对三种野菜营养成分与硝酸盐含量影响的初步研究

对采自西宁北郊的苦菜、荠菜、蒲公英的叶片进行冷冻、冷藏、自然放置处理,并对其蛋白质、VC、胡萝卜素、硝酸盐含量进行测定。结果表明:贮藏后野菜中的蛋白质、VC、胡萝卜素等含量均低于鲜样含量,且随时间的延长,逐渐下降。硝酸盐含量高于鲜样含量,随贮藏时间延长含量逐渐增高;不同贮藏方式中,冷冻对野菜中蛋白质、VC、胡萝卜素含量的损失影响最大,自然放置次之,冷藏影响最小,而冷藏对野菜硝酸盐的积累影响最大,自然放置次之,冷冻影响最小。3种野菜贮藏3 d后,营养成分含量与鲜样含量存在显著差异。     

不同贮藏方式对长蕊石头花主要营养成分含量的影响

以长蕊石头花为试材,研究了其营养成分含量在室温贮藏和冷藏条件下随时间变化的规律。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,室温和冷藏2种贮藏方式中,长蕊石头花的VC、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量均明显下降,可溶性糖含量先降低后升高。贮藏时间相同,室温处理下各营养成分含量低于冷藏处理。氨基酸含量呈上升趋势,且室温处理下氨基酸含量高于冷藏处理。     

不同西瓜砧木耐寒性试验

以西瓜自根苗("新1号")和7种砧木("海砧1号"、"普通小籽"、"南湘白籽"、"铁木真"、"昌砧力士"、"雪中甲"、"刚健1号",接穗均为"新1号")嫁接苗为试材,研究比较了海南冬季低温期间西瓜耐寒性。结果表明:除"刚健1号"外其余6种砧木嫁接苗在寒害期间叶绿素、脯氨酸(Pro)含量随处理时间延长而降低,丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白质含量则随处理时间延长而升高。嫁接苗叶绿素和Pro含量高于自根苗,MDA和可溶性蛋白质含量低于自根苗;"刚健1号"叶绿素和Pro含量低于自根苗,MDA和可溶性蛋白质含量高于自根苗(可溶性蛋白质略高)。就病情指数而言,"刚健1号"受害情况最重,自根苗受害稍轻,其余砧木嫁接苗寒害症状均较轻。     

干制和贮藏方法对香菇甲醛含量的影响研究

研究不同干制和贮藏方法对干香菇中甲醛含量的影响,考察测定不同的香菇干制方法、贮藏方式和贮藏时间对干香菇中甲醛含量变化情况.研究结果表明,香菇的烘干方式不同对香菇中甲醛含量有影响,前期升温慢,甲醛含量升得也慢.前期升温快,香菇中甲醛含量升得也快,但干香菇的甲醛含量均符合300mg·kg-1的要求;在密封贮藏中,随着贮藏时间的延长,香菇中的甲醛含量呈逐渐上升之势;在敞开式的贮藏中,从采后当天起,到贮藏31d后,香菇中的甲醛含量变化不明显.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.