5种添加剂青贮玉米秸饲喂肥育架子牛的效果试验

在青贮玉米秸使用5种添加剂,然后肥育架子牛进行饲喂效果的评价,筛选出肥育效果较好的青贮添加剂。肥育试验表明以尿素、乳酸菌和碳酸氢铵 尿素青贮为粗料,肥育架子牛的日增重分别比普通青贮提高140g、162.5g和132.5g。     

在玉米秸青贮料中添加不同的青贮添加剂对肉牛的饲喂效果

用乳酸菌和碳酸氨铵＋尿素两种方法对玉米秸进行了青贮效果的研究。添加乳酸菌可使玉米秸青贮的pH值降低，添加尿素＋碳酸氢铵后玉米秸青贮的粗蛋白升高；添加青贮添加剂可使玉米秸青贮的干物质和有机物质的有效降解率提高；添加青贮添加剂的玉米秸青贮饲喂肉牛后均可提高肉牛的日增重，在60d的饲喂期间添加乳酸菌组可提高肉牛日增重162．5g,，添加尿素＋碳酸氨铵组提高日增重132．5g。     

益生菌对半干青贮在瘤胃内干物质降解率的影响

试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,在日采食量0.8 kg、精粗比30:70的基础上,采用尼龙袋法测定了益生菌处理的半干青贮干物质在绵羊瘤胃内12 h内的降解率.结果表明:与对照组相比,添加干酪乳杆菌可显著提高玉米半干青贮的干物质降解率(P<0.05).添加干酪乳杆菌、玉米乳杆菌、泡菜乳杆菌以及詹氏乳杆菌的混合菌液使苜蓿半干青贮的干物质降解率显著提高(P<0.05);添加干酪乳杆菌和玉米乳杆菌的混合菌液使玉米与苜蓿混合半干青贮干物质降解率极显著提高(P<0.01).结果说明通过益生菌处理半干青贮料可以显著提高其在绵羊瘤胃内的干物质降解率.     

不同乳酸菌添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性的影响,筛选适合全株玉米青贮发酵的最佳乳酸菌添加剂.以蜡熟期收割的全株玉米为材料,分别调制5种乳酸菌添加剂青贮和无添加青贮(对照组),发酵60 d以后取样,测定其发酵品质、营养成分、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性.结果 表明:发酵60 d后,对照组和各处理组青...     

酶制剂和乳酸菌对秸秆微贮饲料质量及瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验旨在研究酶制剂和乳酸菌对玉米秸秆微贮饲料感官指标评分、营养成分、发酵品质、有氧稳定性及72 h瘤胃降解率的影响。设置空白对照组、纤维素酶组、复合酶组、复合酶+乳酸菌组4组,每组3个重复。对照组添加5%的硫酸氨,纤维素酶组添加5 g纤维素酶和5%的硫酸氨,复合酶组分别添加0.15 g纤维素酶、0.15 gβ-葡聚糖酶、0.1 g木聚糖酶、0.1 g果胶酶、5%硫酸氨,乳酸菌+复合酶组分别添加0.5 g乳酸菌、5%硫酸氨和复合酶。玉米秸秆切短至2 cm,将各处理组微贮剂溶于蒸馏水,与原料混合均匀后,装入聚乙烯袋中,然后用真空包装机抽真空封口,室温贮藏30 d后开封取样,测定微贮秸秆发酵品质、营养成分和瘤胃降解率。结果表明:与对照组相比,复合酶+乳酸菌组效果最佳,pH、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素含量和氨态氮/总氮分别显著降低0.72、12.92%、19.45%、13.79%、6.14%、22.32%(P0.05),可溶性碳水化合物、乳酸、乙酸含量及有氧稳定性分别显著提高0.16%、18.36%、3.21%、36 h(P0.05),对干物质、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量无显著影响(P0.05);与对照组相比,复合酶+乳酸菌组瘤胃降解率显著提高(P0.05),干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃72 h降解率分别提高24.65、23.12、39.68、33.56。综上,混合添加酶制剂和乳酸菌微贮玉米秸秆能够降低秸秆的纤维含量,显著改善秸秆饲料的营养成分、品质、有氧稳定性和瘤胃降解率。     

青贮对薯渣干物质和淀粉瘤胃降解规律的影响

选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,利用尼龙袋法研究了马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮前后干物质和淀粉瘤胃降解规律。结果表明,青贮后马铃薯渣和红薯渣的干物质和淀粉的瘤胃72 h消失率及有效降解率均极显著降低（P＜0.01）,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉消失率由青贮前的95.72%和99.60%下降为53.43%和86.51%,红薯渣则由97.65%和99.81%下降为66.72%和84.69%,马铃薯渣干物质和淀粉的有效降解率降低了47.34%和35.98%,红薯渣则下降了51.48%和57.39%;马铃薯渣青贮和红薯渣青贮干物质的有效降解率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,淀粉差异显著（P＜0.05）;马铃薯渣和红薯渣青贮后过瘤胃淀粉分别增加了57.43%（42.94 g/kg）和151.37%（122.52 g/kg）,且红薯渣极显著高于马铃薯渣（P＜0.01）。因此,青贮处理有效降低了2种薯渣干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率,并提高了其过瘤胃淀粉量,红薯渣的过瘤胃淀粉量明显高于马铃薯渣。     

纤维素酶和乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸青贮营养成分及其奶牛瘤胃降解率的影响

此研究探讨了添加纤维素酶和乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸青贮营养含量变化及其瘤胃内有效降解率的影响。以去穗玉米秸为试验材料，设5个处理，分别为未处理组（E1）、乳酸菌制剂处理组（E2）（1．56／kg）、纤维素酶制剂处理组（E3）（1g／kg）。5头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛，采用5X5拉丁方设计对不同处理的玉米秸青贮主要营养成分进行瘤胃降解率的研究。结果表明：①酶制剂和菌制剂处理的去穗玉米秸青贮CP含量显著高于未处理组（P〈0．05），NDF和ADF含量显著低于未处理组（P〈0．05）；②各组去穗玉米秸青贮DM和NDF有效降解率之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05），即酶处理〉菌处理〉未处理的去穗玉米秸青贮；酶和菌制剂处理的去穗玉米秸青贮ADF和CP的有效降解率显著高于未处理组，但酶和菌处理的玉米秸青贮对ADF和CP有效降解率的效果相似。通过试验综合评价，纤维素酶和乳酸菌处理均能提高青贮的营养价值及其瘤胃有效降解率，但在DM和NDF有效降解率指标上，酶制剂处理去穗玉米秸青贮效果优于菌制剂处理。     

不同青贮处理方式对甘蔗尾叶饲用品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同青贮方式对其青贮后甘蔗尾叶饲用品质的影响。不同青贮方法包括直接青贮甘蔗尾叶(对照组);分别添加0.6%、1.2%尿素青贮;添加0.1、0.2、0.4g/kg纤维素酶青贮;添加0.3、0.6g/kg甲酸青贮;添加0.5、1.0g/kg丙酸青贮。对青贮后甘蔗尾叶进行感官评定、常规营养成分分析和养分瘤胃降解率分析。结果表明,添加不同浓度的尿素、纤维素酶、甲酸、丙酸青贮甘蔗尾叶,与对照组直接青贮相比,青贮品质均有提高,瘤胃DM、NDF降解率有所提高。添加纤维素酶组的CP降解率显著高于其它处理组(P0.05),添加1.0g/kg丙酸青贮甘蔗尾叶后DM、NDF、OM的降解率显著高于其它组(P0.05)。试验结果表明,添加纤维素酶或1.0g/kg丙酸青贮,可以显著提高甘蔗尾叶饲用品质。     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸对西门塔尔牛玉米秸秆瘤胃降解率的影响

选用4头3.5岁,体重500 kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4x4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和玉米青贮为基础日粮,研究过瘤胃蛋氨酸、硬脂酸和蛋氨酸对玉米秸秆瘤胃降解率的影响.结果表明:过瘤胃蛋氨酸组玉米秸秆干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃有效降解率(P)和降解速度常数(C)较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05).日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸可以有效提高玉米秸秆瘤胃有效降解率,提高劣质玉米秸秆的利用率.     

影响玉米秸秆饲料化利用率的相关因素和改善技术研究

试验旨在探究不同处理方式对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响,试验设5个处理,分别为对照组、氨化组(5 kg/t尿素)、复合菌组(20 g/t)、纤维素酶组(200 g/t)、"复合菌(10 g/t)+纤维素酶组(100 g/t)组"。玉米秸秆经以上处理后,常温自然发酵90 d。结果表明:氨化处理显著增加玉米秸秆青贮的干物质和粗蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低NDF和ADF含量(P0.05),秸秆青贮后的乳酸、乙酸含量、氨态氮/总氮显著增加(P0.05),秸秆的干物质和NDF的瘤胃降解率显著降低(P0.05)。复合菌组玉米秸秆青贮的ADF含量显著降低(P0.05)。纤维素酶组玉米秸秆青贮的NDF、ADF和ADL含量显著降低(P0.05)。"复合菌+纤维素酶"组玉米秸秆青贮的粗蛋白含量显著增加(P0.05),ADF和ADL含量显著降低(P0.05),同时也提高了干物质和NDF的瘤胃消失率(P0.05)。由此表明,氨化和"复合菌+纤维素酶"两种处理方式对玉米秸秆青贮的品质改善效果最好。     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍.对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述.     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.     

Modelling the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in the northwest and in the southwest of Morocco

Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection was studied in 151 dogs in two regions of Morocco: 68 dogs in the northwest (Loukkos) and 83 dogs in the southwest (Tiznit). The mean prevalence rates of echinococcosis in dogs were 58.82% (46.23-70.63%) in Loukkos and 55.42% (44.10-66.34%) in Tiznit and the mean abundances of E. granulosus per dog were 75 (59-93) and 547 (504-595), respectively. The mean abundance of E. granulosus in dogs was fitted to a negative binomial distribution by the maximum likelihood techniques to define parameters. E. granulosus was aggregated in dogs in the two regions. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of E. granulosus in dogs were fitted to mathematical models in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by definitive host immunity. The best fit was obtained with the models assuming the presence of immunity. The mean time of exposure to infection was similar in the two regions and ranged from 8 months to about 2 years. The infection pressures (number of E. granulosus) obtained per dog each year were 65 (8-294) in Loukkos and 476 (316-886) in Tiznit. The proportion of dogs susceptible to infection was still high along the life of the dogs in Loukkos, while it was not different from zero in old dogs of Tiznit.