低温胁迫对矮生菜豆生理生化特性的影响

随着低温胁迫时间的延长,矮生菜豆幼苗的冷害指数、电解质渗漏率和MDA含量上升,叶绿素含量下降,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量表现为先上升后降低。冷害指数与电解质渗漏率和MDA含量呈极显著的正相关,这3个指标可作为矮生菜豆耐冷性鉴定的参考指标。在冷害胁迫过程中,SOD、POD、CAT等3种保护酶的活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,SOD酶活性与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,而与冷害指数、电解质渗漏率、MDA含量呈极显著负相关。     

菜豆抗冷性的苗期鉴定

以80份不同基因型的菜豆材料在低温胁迫下的叶片冷害指数和电解质外渗率为指标进行了菜豆抗冷性鉴定。通过冷害指数指标鉴定出抗冷 性强的材料49份,抗冷性中等的材料15份,抗冷性弱的材料16份;验证了电解质外渗率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关,苗期菜豆叶片低温下电解质外 渗率指标可作为菜豆抗冷性鉴定的指标。     

薄皮甜瓜抗冷性的苗期鉴定

对10份不同基因型的薄皮甜瓜幼苗,利用人工气候箱控温,以低温胁迫条件下叶片冷害指数、电解质外渗率为指标进行了薄皮甜瓜抗冷性鉴定。结果表明:薄皮甜瓜幼苗叶片电解质外渗率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关,且不同品种间差异显著。通过冷害指数指标和电解质外渗率指标结合,鉴定出抗冷性强的材料2份,抗冷性中等的材料6份,抗冷性弱的材料2份;验证了薄皮甜瓜苗期叶片低温下电解质外渗率指标可作为薄皮甜瓜抗冷性鉴定的指标。     

低温胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的影响

低温处理使温州蜜柑叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、光合表观量子效率及光合作用的光饱和光强和ＣＯ２饱和浓度降低,细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度、光补偿点和ＣＯ２补偿点提高。虽然１０℃处理植株数小时后即出现光合速率下降,但叶绿素荧光测定结果显示,只有在３℃低温处理后,反映光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值和Ｔ１／２才有较明显下降,而Ｆ０则明显升高。低温在３０～４０μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１弱光下对光合的影响明显大于黑暗下。     

不同苦瓜品种种子发芽和苗期耐冷性差异的研究

研究了8个苦瓜品种种子萌发期和幼苗苗期的耐冷性反应.试验结果表明,供试材料的发芽临界低温范围为14.2-17.3℃,低温下耐冷性鉴定温度为20℃.苦瓜耐冷性鉴定可采用20℃下发芽指数、苗期冷害指数和田间耐冷性总指数等指标.     

不同苦瓜品种种子发芽和苗期耐冷性差异的研究

研究了8个苦瓜品种种子萌发期和幼苗苗期的耐冷性反应。试验结果表明,供试材料的发芽临界低温范围为14.2～17.3℃,低温下耐冷性鉴定温度为20℃。苦瓜耐冷性鉴定可采用20℃下发芽指数、苗期冷害指数和田间耐冷性总指数等指标。     

不同黄瓜砧木对低温弱光胁迫的响应及与ABA 含量的关系

以9 个白籽南瓜砧木为试材，以黑籽南瓜和津优35 号黄瓜为对照，对低温弱光条件（昼/ 夜温度8 ℃/5 ℃，光照100 μmol·m-2·s-1）下三叶一心期不同砧木幼苗的耐冷指标及根系和叶片中ABA 含量进行测定分析。结果表明，低温弱光胁迫下，不同砧木幼苗的冷害指数、电解质渗漏率（EL）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、根系活力（格顿联丰除外）均有所增加，净光合速率（Pn）明显降低；通过隶属函数值对不同砧木幼苗进行耐冷性综合评价，发现白籽南瓜砧木金妈妈519 和博强105耐冷性较强；不同砧木耐冷性的强弱与低温弱光胁迫下根系中和根系+ 叶片中ABA 的增加量呈显著正相关。     

沙田柚叶绿素荧光特性及其与叶片矿质元素含量的关系

利用植物体内叶绿素荧光测定技术，分析了不同生长环境中沙田柚叶绿素ａ的荧光参数。结果表明，矿质营养水平较高的果园，树体Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ和ΦＰＳⅡ高，表明具有较高的光能转换效率和ＰＳⅡ电子传递效率，万以Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ为显著。Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ与Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ含量成极显著正相关，与Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ含量成显著正相关，支叶片的Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ呈较无果短枝低，前者的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ和ΦＰＳⅡ亦较后者低。退化树和下沉树相和质元素含量和荧光参数均     

沙田柚叶绿素荧光特性及其与叶片矿质元素含量的关系

利用植物体内叶绿素荧光测定技术,分析了不同生长环境中沙田柚叶绿素ａ 的荧光参数。结果表明,矿质营养水平较高的果园,树体Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ较高,表明具有较高的光能转换效率和ＰＳⅡ电子传递效率,尤以Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 为显著。Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 与Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ 含量成极显著正相关,与Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ含量成显著正相关。有果短枝叶片的Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ 含量较无果短枝低,前者的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ亦较后者低。退化树和正常树相比,矿质元素含量和荧光参数均没有明显差异。     

加工番茄种子发芽及苗期耐冷性差异研究

通过低温下种子发芽鉴定和苗期低温处理后生理生化指标的测定等方法,研究了9个加工番茄品种种子萌发期和幼苗期的耐冷反应。结果表明,供试材料对低温反应存在差异;种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定温度为15、20℃;低温下植株电解质渗透率、叶片细胞内可溶性糖含量均有上升;根据各品种种子发芽率、幼苗冷害指数、植株电解质渗透率、叶片可溶性糖含量综合评定,UC-82、里格尔、石番18号、红霸这4个品种抗冷性较好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.