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在介绍耐盐突变体筛选技术的基础上,综述了利用组织培养技术筛选植物耐盐突变体的国内外研究现状,指出了存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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玉米体细胞抗盐突变体的筛选及耐盐性鉴定 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
玉米幼胚所诱导的愈伤组织在继代繁殖后,用NaCl作选择剂,在含质量浓度10~20g·L-1NaCl的N6筛选培养基上连续筛选3代,再转移到无盐的继代培养基上培养3代,得到耐20mg·L-1的抗盐愈伤组织变异体.对愈伤组织相对生长量和游离脯氨酸含量等指标的测定表明,该愈伤组织变异体是耐盐的.耐盐愈伤组织变异体在分化培养基上可分化出再生植株,在10g·L-1NaCl胁迫下耐盐变异体再生植株相对电导率小于对照再生植株,而可溶性糖含量高于对照植株.耐盐株自交得T1代种子,在不同质量浓度NaCl胁迫下测定其发芽率,耐盐变异体后代种子发芽率均高于对照种子发芽率,说明变异体的耐盐性是可遗传的. 相似文献
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栽培番茄耐盐突变体的离体筛选 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
栽培番茄品种“矮黄”的子叶作为外植体诱导愈伤组织 ,用 Na Cl进行直接高盐胁迫筛选。结果表明 ,2 2 5 mmol/LNa Cl直接高盐胁迫获得了耐盐突变体 ,1 0株完整的再生耐盐植株 ,在 1 5 0 mmol/L Na Cl的盐胁迫下 ,成活率可达 70 % ,而未经胁迫筛选过的原始株成活率则为零。其中 ,1株耐盐突变株能正常开花、结果。对其后代离体培养的茎尖和下胚轴外植体耐盐性进行比较 ,表明其后代仍然保持耐盐性 相似文献
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苹果砧木耐盐突变体的筛选鉴定及RAPD分析 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
对由诱变获得的苹果砧木78-48耐盐变异细胞系再生植株进行多代盐筛选,获得耐盐性稳定的突变体。并对突变体进行了RAPD分析,153个引物中有36个引物扩增出多态性,证明突变体在基因上发生了变化,为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了证据。 相似文献
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耐盐湿地植物筛选应用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《天津农业科学》2017,(9):101-109
文章主要综述了湿地植物耐盐性的评价指标及标准、国内外耐盐湿地植物的筛选概况、耐盐湿地植物在人工湿地中的应用等,总结出可用于盐碱湿地绿化的70余种湿地植物耐盐研究数据,可为耐盐湿地植物筛选和应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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EMS诱变处理定向筛选杨树耐盐突变体研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)处理杨树胚性愈伤组织,通过组织培养方法定向筛选杨树耐盐变异体。对EMS处理"加引"杨树胚性愈伤组织的浓度和时间进行了研究,结果表明:在同一EMS浓度下,随着处理时间的增加,胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率降低;处理相同时间,随着EMS浓度增加,胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率降低;不同EMS浓度处理后的胚性愈伤组织分化芽的比率与处理时间呈线性关系。约200万胚性细胞经4‰(V/V)浓度EMS处理36 h,并经逐级耐盐定向筛选,可得在含NaCl 0.5%(m/V)的培养基上生根的组培苗40株。经筛选优系,组培成再生植株,进行植株水平的试管内耐盐性检测,结果表明:诱变处理所得植株与对照相比,其耐盐性明显提高。同时,在未经耐盐定向筛选实验中得到29株叶片颜色发生变异的畸变植株,耐盐定向筛选试验中也得到4株同类型畸变植株。 相似文献
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Certain improvements are described in the use of penicillin for isolating auxotrophic mutants of bacteria. By obtaining exponential growth before the penicillin is added, and by minimizing the duration of the treatment, cross-feeding is decreased and much denser populations can be screened. These modifications have made it possible to obtain, with regularity, mutants of Escherichia coli blocked in a desired step in arginine biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Chaleff RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,219(4585):676-682
Enormous genetic variability is accumulated by plant cells proliferating in culture. Additional variability can be induced in cultured cell populations by exposure to mutagens. This pool of genetic diversity can be examined for agronomically desirable traits at two levels of differentiation. Populations of plants regenerated from callus cultures can be screened by conventional methods. Alternatively, selective culture conditions favoring growth of specific mutant types can be applied at the cellular level. The several characteristics that have been introduced by these methods to date are a harbinger of future contributions to be made by cell culture to the genetic improvement of crops. 相似文献
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从耐盐植物中分离具有石油烃降解功能内生细菌并研究其降解特性,为内生细菌协同宿主植物修复石油污染盐渍化土壤提供基础。以黄河三角洲长期受石油污染重盐碱地生长的耐盐植物虎尾草为材料,分离出能以柴油为唯一碳源生长的内生细菌24株。通过柴油降解试验,筛选得到1株高效石油烃降解内生细菌BF04。经生理生化特性及16S r DNA同源序列分析,确定BF04为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。通过液体培养试验研究了BF04对不同烃的利用能力和对柴油的降解动力学特征。结果表明:BF04能够利用直链烷烃、支链烷烃和单环芳烃,不能利用多环芳烃和苯酚。BF04能降解柴油中大部分烷烃,其中对短链烷烃(n C11~n C23)降解率高于长链烷烃(n C24~n C27)。BF04对柴油降解可以用一级反应动力学模型表示。在含有3%Na Cl的液体培养基中,BF04具有较强的降解柴油能力,在修复石油污染高盐环境中具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Yu J Vodyanik MA Smuga-Otto K Antosiewicz-Bourget J Frane JL Tian S Nie J Jonsdottir GA Ruotti V Stewart R Slukvin II Thomson JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5858):1917-1920
Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨福建滨海地区岩岸景观、沙岸景观和泥岸景观可选择的耐盐园林植物种类、群落结构和适宜的配置模式,为福建滨海地区绿化工作提供借鉴与参考。【方法】采取野外实地调查获取福建滨海地区耐盐园林植物种类,通过访谈、专家咨询与资料查阅相结合的方法,对岩岸景观、沙岸景观和泥岸景观进行耐盐园林植物选择与配置。【结果】岩岸景观可选择的耐盐园林植物有44种,以岩生灌草丛和亚热带阔叶乔木山地林构成植物群落;沙岸景观可选择的耐盐园林植物有50种,以沙生草本植被、沙生灌木植被、沿海防护林和混交林构成植物群落;泥岸景观可选择的耐盐园林植物有60种,以真红树植物、海岸陆缘半红树林和岸后季节性雨林构成植物群落。【结论】3类海岸景观的园林植物种类选择与配置构想模式,可作为福建滨海地区耐盐园林绿化植物应用工作的基本思路。 相似文献
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Ghildiyal M Seitz H Horwich MD Li C Du T Lee S Xu J Kittler EL Zapp ML Weng Z Zamore PD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1077-1081
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotes. In flies, somatic cells produce siRNAs from exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a defense against viral infection. We identified endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs), 21 nucleotides in length, that correspond to transposons and heterochromatic sequences in the somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. We also detected endo-siRNAs complementary to messenger RNAs (mRNAs); these siRNAs disproportionately mapped to the complementary regions of overlapping mRNAs predicted to form double-stranded RNA in vivo. Normal accumulation of somatic endo-siRNAs requires the siRNA-generating ribonuclease Dicer-2 and the RNAi effector protein Argonaute2 (Ago2). We propose that endo-siRNAs generated by the fly RNAi pathway silence selfish genetic elements in the soma, much as Piwi-interacting RNAs do in the germ line. 相似文献