中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”选育第二代扣蟹阶段养殖性能研究

为探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)“长荡湖1号”A系和B系选育第二代扣蟹的生长性能和养殖效果,在相同养殖条件下,以未选育的养殖群体扣蟹为对照进行了网箱养殖试验。结果表明：(1)大眼至豆蟹阶段,不论是平均体质量、增重倍数还是成活率,“长荡湖1号”B系均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),“长荡湖1号”A系较对照组具有一定的优势,但差异不显著。(2)扣蟹阶段,“长荡湖1号”B系的平均体质量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),“长荡湖1号”A系9月份体质量与对照组接近,其他月份均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。就生长速度而言,在6—7月期间,“长荡湖1号”A系和B系的生长速度显著快于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)“长荡湖1号”B系养殖效果最佳,具体表现在养殖产量和成活率最高,显著高于其他两个组,且1龄早熟率和饲料系数最低(P<0.05)。(4)就规格分布而言,“长荡湖1号”A系和B系的体质量在3.00～5.99 g和6.00～8.99 g两个区间内的比例低于对照组,在12.00～14.99 g和≥15.00 g两个区间内显著高于对照组(P<...     

中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”奇数年群体选育第二代的生长性能和养殖效果评估

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)“长荡湖 1 号”(以下简称“长荡湖 1 号”)选育群体包括 A 系和 B 系两个平行选育系, 分别以耐高密度和大规格为选育目标。为评估“长荡湖 1 号”奇数年群体选育第二代(G₂)的选育效果和遗传进展, 本研究在室外池塘生态养殖条件下, 进行大眼幼体至扣蟹以及扣蟹至成蟹养殖实验, 实验周期约为 20 个月。 实验期间通过多次生长打样及性腺发育解剖, 结合最终收获时的规格分布, 以未选育群体为对照, 综合评估了两选育品系的生长性能、性腺发育和养殖效果。结果表明: (1) 两选育品系扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段平均体重均高于对照组, 其中两选育品系扣蟹 7 月和 9—11 月体重均显著大于对照组(P＜0.05), 成蟹养殖过程中 10 月“长荡湖 1 号”B 系体重也显著高于对照组(P＜0.05), 其余月份 3 组成蟹体重无显著差异(P＞0.05); (2) 成蟹雌雄个体的生殖蜕壳高峰期分别为 7 月 30 日—9 月 10 日和 8 月 20 日—9 月 30 日, 在此期间对照组的生殖蜕壳率略高于两选育品系。在肝胰腺指数(HSI)方面, 前期(9 月 20 日)对照组雄体 HSI 显著高于两选育品系(P＜0.05), 而后期(11 月 10 日)两选育品系雌体 HSI 显著高于对照组(P＜0.05); 就性腺指数(GSI)而言, 两选育品系的 GSI 和对照组接近, 其中 11 月 10 日“长荡湖 1 号”B 系雌体 GSI 显著低于对照组(P＜0.05); (3) 两选育品系在扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段的最终平均体重和产量均高于对照组, 其中“长荡湖 1 号”B 系最终平均体重略高于“长荡湖 1 号”A 系; 两选育品系在扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段的饲料系数(FCR)均低于对照组, 其中“长荡湖 1 号”A 系在成蟹养殖阶段的 FCR 显著低于对照组(P＜0.05); 两选育品系大规格扣蟹(≥15 g)和成蟹(雄蟹≥200 g, 雌蟹≥175 g)百分比例均高于对照组, 而小规格扣蟹(≤9 g)百分比例低于对照组。 综上, 中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖 1 号”A 系具有生长速度快、单位产量高及饲料系数低等特点, 中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖 1 号”B 系具有平均体重大、大规格蟹比例高和生殖蜕壳迟等特点, 两选育品系均具有进一步选育的潜力。     

"长荡湖1号"河蟹选育子一代扣蟹养殖性能的初步研究

以中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”选育第一代的扣蟹为研究对象,并以未经选育的养殖群体扣蟹为对照进行了池塘网箱养殖试验,比较两个群体在扣蟹阶段的生长性能及养殖效果。结果显示:(1)在大眼幼体至豆蟹养殖阶段,“长荡湖1号”的平均体质量和增重率均略优于对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);(2)在豆蟹至扣蟹养殖阶段,“长荡湖1号”在8—11月的平均体质量始终高于对照组,其中10月份时雌体差异显著(P<0.05);此外,“长荡湖1号”在6—10月的增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组,但10—11月“长荡湖1号”的增重率和特定生长率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)就养殖效果而言,“长荡湖1号”最终的平均规格和产量均高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)就规格分布而言,“长荡湖1号”雌雄个体在2.00~3.99 g规格区间内的比例明显低于对照组,但在0~1.99 g和≥6.00 g规格区间内的比例明显高于对照组,其中雌体差异显著(P<0.05)。综合评价,相对于未经选育的养殖群体,“长荡湖1号”选育第一代在扣蟹阶段的生长性能及养殖效果均表现出一定的优良特性。     

不同品系中华绒螯蟹土池生态育苗效果比较

为评估不同品系中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）的繁殖性能和育苗效果,分别采用中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟品系（雌体≥150 g,雄体≥210 g）、“长荡湖1号”A系（雌体≥200 g,雄体≥310 g）、“长荡湖1号”B系（雌体≥250 g,雄体≥360 g）及超大规格品系（雌体≥300 g,雄体≥400 g）作为亲本进行土池生态育苗试验,比较了各品系的抱卵蟹获得率、亲本孵化率、育苗期间的投饵量、幼体变态速度以及大眼幼体产量等指标。试验结果显示：（1）各品系越冬后的抱卵蟹获得率随着亲本规格的增大而明显降低,抱卵蟹成功孵化率随着亲本规格的增大同样呈降低趋势,但组间差异不明显（P>0.05）。（2）各品系投饵量在幼体培育期间呈现先增后减的变化趋势,其中,溞Ⅴ期最高,日投饵量约为75 g/m²;与之相反,幼体蜕皮周期在幼体培育过程中呈现出先降后增的变化趋势,溞Ⅲ-Ⅳ期蜕皮周期最短,仅为5～6 d。（3）除了个别产量异常的池塘外,各品系单蟹产苗量及饵料系数均随着亲本规格的增大而提高,且各品系大眼幼体淡化率差异较小,均在90%左右。结果表明,虽然大规格品系在...     

中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”子一代成蟹阶段养殖性能初步评估

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)"长荡湖1号"A系(雌体大于200 g)和B系(雌体大于250 g)的选育工作已进行到子一代(G1代),前期研究表明,G1代在扣蟹阶段的生长性能及养殖效果表现出一定的优势,但成蟹的养殖性能尚不清楚。文章系统比较了"长荡湖1号"2个选育品系(A系和B系)与未选育群体在成蟹养殖阶段的生长性能、成活率和产量等指标。结果显示:1)在养殖中后期(9—11月),选育组平均体质量略高于对照组,其中B系雌体显著高于对照组(P0.05);此外,B系在5—7月的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于A系(P0.05);2) A系和B系雄体生殖蜕壳率和性腺指数均略低于对照组;B系肝胰腺指数在10月20日显著低于另外2组,而11月15日又显著高于另外2组(P0.05);3)两选育品系雌雄体大规格成蟹(雄蟹≥195 g,雌蟹≥120 g)比例均高于对照组,其中B系G1代雄蟹(195～219.9 g)显著大于对照组(P0.05);此外,在最终平均体质量、成活率、产量及饵料系数等方面,两选育品系均优于对照组。综上,A系在成活率、产量和饲料系数等方面具有优势,B系具有大规格蟹比例高、最终平均体质量大的特点。     

不同规格中华绒螯蟹亲本子一代在扣蟹阶段养殖性能的比较研究

为探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲本规格对其子代在扣蟹阶段养殖性能的影响,本试验在相同的养殖环境下将4种规格河蟹亲本(规格I:雌90~110 g、雄140~160 g;规格Ⅱ:雌115~135 g、雄160~180 g;规格Ⅲ:雌140~160 g、雄220~240 g;规格Ⅳ:雌190~210 g、雄290~310 g)所产的大眼幼体养殖至扣蟹,并比较各组扣蟹的体质量、增重率、特定生长率、成活率及最终产量差异。试验结果显示:(1)不同规格的河蟹亲本,其子一代在大眼幼体至豆蟹阶段的平均体质量、成活率以及增重倍数均无明显差异(P>0.05);(2)在豆蟹至扣蟹养殖阶段,各组幼蟹的生长速度差异大体上与其亲本规格的差异相一致,其中Ⅰ组幼蟹在8—10月期间的平均体质量均显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);(3)养殖效果方面,各组扣蟹平均规格和最终产量均随着亲本规格的提高而提高,其中Ⅳ组扣蟹的最终平均体质量显著高于Ⅰ组扣蟹(P<0.05);(4)就规格分布而言,Ⅳ组扣蟹2.00~3.99 g规格的比例显著低于另外3组,而≥6.00 g规格的比例显著高于另外3组(P<0.05)。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹亲本规格对其后代的养殖性能存在影响,大规格河蟹亲本子一代在扣蟹生产阶段生长速度快、养殖效果好,因此建议在生产上选择大规格亲本的后代用于扣蟹养殖。     

池塘养殖不同规格中华绒螯蟹扣蟹生化组成的比较研究

为探究池塘养殖不同规格扣蟹的营养状况,以长江流域池塘养殖的4种规格(体质量,A组0.3～1.0 g,B组1.0～3.5 g,C组4.0～7.0 g,D组8.0 g)扣蟹为研究对象,采用生化分析的方法,研究其肝胰腺指数(HSI)及组织常规生化组成。结果:(1)随着扣蟹规格的增大,其HSI也明显增大,且通过回归曲线得知两者大体呈幂函数关系;(2)就肝胰腺常规生化而言,无论雌蟹还是雄蟹,肝胰腺中粗脂肪及灰分的质量分数均随着扣蟹规格的增大而显著增加,粗蛋白质量分数则与之相反,表现为随着扣蟹规格的增大而显著降低(P0.05);(3)就蟹体常规生化而言,雌、雄个体中水分及粗脂肪的质量分数均随着扣蟹规格的增大而显著降低,粗蛋白质量分数则随着扣蟹规格的增大而显著增加(P0.05)。结果表明,不同规格扣蟹的HSI和常规生化组成差异显著(P0.05),其中大规格蟹种的营养状况较好,因此更适合于成蟹阶段养殖。     

大规格中华绒螯蟹亲本子代大眼幼体在微山湖地区的池塘扣蟹培育试验

为探究大规格中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲本子代大眼幼体在山东微山湖地区的池塘养殖效果,2019年在微山湖扣蟹基地将2种大规格河蟹亲本(规格I:雌190～210 g、雄280～300 g;规格Ⅱ:雌240～260 g、雄330～350 g)所产的大眼幼体饲养至扣蟹,并比较各组扣蟹的生长情况、养殖性...     

超大规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代生长性能及养殖效果

为评估中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)超大规格亲本(母本≥300 g, 父本≥400 g)繁育子代的养殖效果, 本研究以正常规格亲本(300 g≥母本≥150 g, 400 g≥父本≥250 g)作为对照, 比较了超大规格和正常规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代 F1 在扣蟹及成蟹阶段的生长性能和养殖效果差异。结果显示: (1) 超大规格组个体在豆蟹、扣蟹及成蟹阶段的平均体重均一直高于对照组, 其中扣蟹和成蟹体重分别于 9—11 月和 7 月差异显著(P＜0.05); (2) 生殖蜕壳及性腺发育方面, 超大规格组雄体和雌体在 9 月 5 日至 9 月 25 日和 7 月 25 日至 9 月 5 日期间的生殖蜕壳率分别显著低于对照组(P＜0.05), 此外, 超大规格组雌体的性腺指数在性腺发育前期(9 月 10 日)显著低于对照组(P＜0.05), 雄体则在性腺发育中期(10 月 10 日)显著较低(P＜0.05); (3) 超大规格组在扣蟹阶段的产出重量和成蟹阶段的最终产量均高于对照组, 其中雄体在扣蟹阶段的产量与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05); (4) 就规格分布而言, 超大规格组雌雄个体中大规格扣蟹(＞12 g)及大规格成蟹(雄蟹＞230 g, 雌蟹＞200 g)所占比例均显著高于对照组, 且超大规格组中小规格扣蟹及小规格成蟹所占比例显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。综上所述, 在扣蟹和成蟹养殖阶段, 超大规格亲本繁育子代相较于对照组具有更快的生长速度和更高的产量, 且子代中大规格蟹的比例显著高于对照组, 由此认为超大规格亲本繁育子代具有更高的经济效益优势。     

两种投饲模式下中华绒螯蟹扣蟹池塘养殖效果比较

为探究扣蟹阶段投喂全价配合饲料和豆粕、麸皮等传统饲料对中华绒螯蟹(简称河蟹)蟹种生长速度和养殖效果的影响,自2016年5月中旬开始,分别用配合饲料和豆粕、麸皮等传统饲料饲喂淡化后的河蟹大眼幼体,比较两种投饲模式下蟹种的生长情况和养殖效益。试验结果:(1)在整个养殖期间配合饲料组的蟹种平均规格高于传统饲料组,体质量增长率也普遍高于传统饲料组;(2)配合饲料组1龄性早熟个体的亩产(15亩=1 hm~2,下同)及其占总产量的比例均显著低于传统饲料组(P0.05),而两个饲料组中1龄性早熟个体的平均规格差异较小,均为21 g左右;(3)配合饲料组蟹种的产量以及大规格蟹种所占比例均显著高于传统饲料组(P0.05),而成活率稍低于传统饲料组;(4)配合饲料组蟹种的最终规格主要集中于3~6 g(42.61%)和6~9 g(24.57%)这两个体质量范围内,而传统饲料组蟹种的规格主要集中于3 g(33.00%)和3~6 g(44.81%)这两个体质量范围内;(5)由于在平均规格、最终产量和销售价格上的优势,配合饲料组的最终净利润和投入产出比均明显高于传统饲料组。结果表明,相对于传统饲料,配合饲料可以提高蟹种的生长速度和养殖效益,故在扣蟹养殖中应得到大规模的推广使用。     

Does the wild‐caught Chinese mitten crab megalopae perform better than the hatchery‐produced seed during the juvenile culture?

Although wild Yangtze Eriocheir sinensis juveniles (coin‐sized seed) have better culture performance than the pond‐reared juveniles during the adult crab culture stage, the culture performance of wild‐caught megalopae (WC) remains unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the growth, survival rate, crab yield, feed conversion rate (FCR), precocity, final weight and size distribution between WC and hatchery‐produced megalopae (HP) during the juvenile culture stage. Wild‐caught megalopae had significantly higher body weight, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) during 0–4 weeks but lower WGR and SGR than HP during 4–8 weeks (p < .05). Although WC had a significantly lower survival rate and yield of normal juvenile crabs than HP, total yields of normal juveniles and precocious crabs were similar. Wild‐caught megalopae had a significantly higher precocious rate and yield of precocious crabs than HP (p < .05). Regardless of sex, no significant differences were found in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and final weight of normal juveniles and precocious crabs between WC and HP. As for the size distribution of normal crabs, WC had a higher percentage of small female juveniles (<3 g) but a lower proportion of middle size ranges (3–5.99 g and 6–8.99 g) than HP for females (p < .05), and there was no significant difference for males. In conclusion, wild megalopae of the Yangtze E. sinensis had worse culture performance than the hatchery‐produced seeds; therefore, wild megalopae would not be recommended for commercially juvenile culture of E. sinensis.     

Resistance of Dermo in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), of North Carolina but not Chesapeake Bay Heritage

Growth, intensity of Perkinsus marinus (Levine) infection, and survival of synchronously spawned North Carolina (NC) and Chesapeake Bay‐heritage (CB) oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) were evaluated under standard tray culture conditions at several sites in both regions (Wye River, Maryland; Mobjack Bay, Virginia; Pamlico River, NC and Bogue Banks, NC). Infection prevalence reached 100% in oysters held at all high‐ and moderate‐salinity sites, at which time the CB strain ceased to grow. Shortly after growth ceased, CB oysters exhibited mortality that rapidly progressed to 100%. Unlike the CB strain, growth continued in the NC strain despite high P. marinus prevalence. When mortality did occur in the NC strain, at a reduced rate of 37–40%, it was associated with higher intensity of P. marinus than the infection intensity correlated with death of CB oysters. At the low‐salinity site in NC, P. marinus infection persisted at low weighted prevalence throughout the latter portion of the culture period but was not associated with mortality of either strain. These trends in growth and disease resistance for the two strains demonstrate that aquaculture performance is related to the level of disease resistance in oyster strains, salinity of water in growing areas and virulence of P. marinus.     

Growth and survival of juvenile spider crabs,Maja brachydactyla (Balss, 1922), fed with fresh or frozen mussels

The effects of diet freezing on the growth, survival and biochemical composition of the diets and juvenile spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) were studied. Fresh and frozen (at ?20 °C for 21 days) mussels, Mytilus edulis, were used as food. Two experiments were conducted and in each, spider crabs were placed in individual trays. During experiment I, 40 juvenile spider crabs (2 months old) were used. Twenty animals (9 ± 2 mg) were fed fresh mussels, and 20 animals (8 ± 2 mg) were fed frozen mussels. Spider crabs fed fresh mussels grew larger than the ones fed frozen mussels (304.0 ± 118.0 and 70.0 ± 40.1 mg respectively). During experiment II, 16 juvenile spider crabs (5 months old) were used. Eight animals (3.4 ± 0.8 g) were fed fresh mussel and eight animals (4.1 ± 1.3 g) were fed frozen mussel. Spider crabs fed with fresh mussels were larger than the ones fed with frozen mussels (92.5 ± 41.7 and 41.5 ± 17.7 g respectively). There were no significant differences in the protein, amino acids and fatty acid composition between fresh and frozen mussels. The freezing procedure makes mussels less adequate for the culture of 2‐month‐old early juveniles of M. brachydactyla up to 5 months, although they promoted acceptable growth and good survival in older animals (>5 months old).     

Effects of starvation and feeding on blood chemistry,fatty acid composition and expression of vitellogenin and fatty acid-binding protein genes in female swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus trituberculatus</Emphasis> broodstock

Portunus trituberculatus broodstock were stocked in plastic tanks to evaluate the effects of starvation and feeding on gonadal development, blood chemistry, fatty acid composition, and expression of vitellogenin (Vtg) and fatty acid-binding protein genes (FABP) in females. Two treatments (starved and fed) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 90 swimming crab broodstock (approximately 230 ± 45 g). In the starved treatment, crabs were starved for 30 days, whereas in the fed treatment crabs were fed once a day with clams. The gonadosomatic index decreased significantly in starved crabs (P < 0.05), as did the serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations; conversely, the total protein concentration in serum significantly increased (P < 0.05). In the ovary, there was a significant relative decline of 18:0, 16:1n-7 and 20:1n-9 fatty acids and relative increases of 20:4n-6, 22:6n-3, 18:1n-9 and 20:5n-3 in starved crabs compared to fed crabs (P < 0.05). Relative expression of Vtg in the ovary decreased significantly in starved crabs (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in hepatopancreas Vtg expression between starved and fed crabs (P > 0.05). Starvation suppressed gonadal development in female swimming crab broodstock.     

Estimation of Arachidonic Acid Requirement for Improvement of Pre‐maturation Growth and Egg and Larval Quality in the Female Blue Gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus; Pallas, 1770): A Model for the Anabantidae Family

This study investigates the dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) requirement from juvenile to maturation stage in an anabantid model fish, the blue gourami, Trichopodus trichopterus. Specifically we determined the optimum dietary ARA content to maximize juvenile growth and subsequent sexual maturation and to improve the quality of their eggs and offspring. Five experimental diets containing 0.02, 0.53, 1.05, 1.60, and 2.12% ARA (of dry weight) were fed to juveniles over 5 mo. The results showed that whole‐body fatty acid profile of broodstock significantly changed in fish fed diets of different ARA content (ANOVA, P < 0.003). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6 and Σn‐6 were obtained in fish fed 0.53% ARA, and a decreasing trend was observed with elevated dietary ARA levels. Monthly specific growth rate (SGR) measurements revealed significant differences in the juvenile stage, but the SGR of broodstock was unaffected by dietary ARA. Protein and ash content of whole‐body broodstock showed no differences among groups, while lipid content decreased as ARA levels increased. Maximum volume of the oocyte was obtained in the 1.05% ARA group, while the yolk sac size increased as dietary ARA increased. The optimum growth and survival of the larvae produced by broodstock were recorded in the 2.12 and 1.6% ARA groups, respectively. It was concluded that despite the presumed ability of freshwater fish to synthesize and meet their highly unsaturated fatty acid requirements, dietary ARA higher than 1.05% had significant stimulatory effects on growth of juveniles but no obvious influence on the growth of matured fish. Also, higher ARA levels (1.6–2.12%) were found to improve the quality of eggs and offspring.     

维生素E、C和HUFA交互作用对中华绒螯蟹生殖性能的影响

通过投喂添加或不添加VE、VC和HUFA的四组实验饲料,经198d饲养实验,以雌蟹的性腺系数、产卵力、孵化率、各组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量等为指标,研究这两类营养素交互作用对其生殖性能的影响。结果表明,VE、VC和HUFA对雌蟹生殖性能有显著的影响(P<0.05):在产卵力方面,1组为3790个卵细胞·g-1体重,极显著高于2组(为2317个卵细胞·g-1体重)和3组(为2129个卵细胞·g-1体重)(P<0.01),显著高于4组(为3050个卵细胞·g-1体重)和5组(对照组)(为3010个卵细胞·g-1体重)(P<0.05);而孵化率方面,1组(86.17%)极显著高于2组(36.06%)、3组(29.18%)和4组(25.73%)(P<0.01),也显著高于5组(71.12%)(P<0.05)。1组和2组雌蟹性腺中SOD活性分别为40.09Nu·mL-1和39.87Nu·mL-1,相应地,MDA含量分别为6.87nmol·mL-1和3.33nmol·mL-1;而3组和4组雌蟹,尽管其性腺中SOD活性较高,分别为79.21Nu·mL-1和85.2Nu·mL-1,但由于饲料中抗氧化性VE、VC的缺乏,导致脂质过氧化发生,其MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),分别为12.65nmol·mL-1和25.18nmol·mL-1。4组雌蟹的产卵力较大,但因VE、VC的缺乏发生脂质过氧化,导致所产的卵质低下,从而影响了卵子的孵化率。结果表明,VE、VC和HUFA都是河蟹保持良好的生殖性能的必需营     

Evaluation of resistance to Dermo in eastern oyster strains tested in Chesapeake Bay

We investigated growth, Dermo disease, and survival for nine groups of oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) cultivated in Chesapeake Bay (CB). Five regional strains (upper CB, North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), Louisiana (LA) and LA triploids) and four additional hybrid strains (CB oysters mated with NC, SC, LA and Texas (TX) oysters) were held in floating rafts at three locations representative of lower CB: ‘low’ salinity (3–14 g L^?1), ‘moderate’ salinity (5–20 g L^?1) and ‘high’ salinity (14–24 g L^?1). At each site, patterns of growth and incidence of infection with Perkinsus marinus (Levine), the causative agent of Dermo disease, were similar. However, mortality trends were markedly different at each site; the CB strain being notable for accelerated mortality following infection with P. marinus. In addition, hybrids between CB and all four of the regional strains exhibited similar accelerated mortality in response to infection. Mortality was strongly correlated with infection only at the high salinity site implicating interaction of differences in both oyster strain and virulence of Dermo between moderate and high salinity areas as factors in differential mortality across sites.     

Production Comparison of Three Genetic Strains of Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Raised Under Two Pond Management Technologies

Three genetic strains (Texas [cultured], Hawaii [cultured], and Myanmar [wild]) of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were characterized and compared under two pond grow‐out management technologies using a 3 × 2 factorial design. Juvenile prawns (45 d nursed juveniles) from each strain were stocked at individual average weights of 0.4 ± 0.3 g (Texas), 0.3 ± 0.2 g (Hawaii), and 0.3 ± 0.2 g (Myanmar). The low input management technology prawns were stocked at 24,700 /ha with no added substrate. The high input management technology prawns were stocked at 74,100 /ha with the addition of artificial substrate. Each of the six treatment combinations were replicated in three, 0.04 ha earthen ponds (total of 18 ponds). Prawns were fed a sinking pellet (32% protein) once daily at a standardized rate. After 112 d, prawns were harvested, bulk weighed, and counted. Survival of Texas strain (95%) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than Myanmar strain (77–80%) under both management technologies with survival of Hawaii strain (86–91%) intermediate and not significantly different (P > 0.05) from other strains. Under both management technologies, average weight, total production, and marketable percentage (>20 g) was significantly better (P ≤ 0.05) in Texas and Hawaii strains in comparison to the Myanmar strain. These data appear to indicate that the cultured strains evaluated in this study demonstrate positive impacts of domestication and do not indicate inbreeding depression.