Ultrathin carbon support films for electron microscopy

Carbon support films only 4 to 6 angstroms thick have been made for use in electron microscopy. The determination of their thickness is based on geometrical calculation, electron scattering measurements, and elemental microanalysis.     

面向服务架构的管道完整性管理系统

为了使中国石油管道完整性管理系统具有更高的扩展性、灵活性、稳定性,进行了架构的调整和持续优化,目前与多个第三方系统进行了对接,逐渐形成了基于服务架构（SOA）的系统。面向SOA的设计系统根据业务需要,将不同模块抽象成低耦合、高内聚的不同服务,这些服务需要支持行业标准接口方式和规范,以便外部系统或第三方系统可以调用不同的服务,将各个服务整合起来,实现一个针对特定业务的专项系统。基于此,介绍了管道完整性管理系统的功能,列举了管道完整性管理系统所提供的各种服务,并结合实例对各类服务进行阐述,彰显了基于服务架构的管道完整性管理系统的优越性,势必为管道完整性管理业务提供更多的决策支持。     

不同水分管理下全田土下微膜覆盖的冬小麦耗水特性

【目的】针对海河平原水资源匮乏与冬小麦生产水分高耗的现实矛盾,研究不同水分管理条件下全田土下微膜覆盖的冬小麦耗水特性,探索区域小麦节水生产新方法。【方法】采用大田试验,以小麦常规种植方法为对照,进行两地3年试验研究。【结果】全田土下微膜覆盖下,小麦生育期田间耗水量显著降低116.1—167.9 mm,土壤贮水消耗占总耗水的55.5%—77.9%。覆膜显著减少了小麦返青前的耗水量,生育后期耗水占总耗水量的比例提高。覆膜条件下,拔节前根系吸水深度较露地处理浅40 cm,生育期2 m土体可供水212.2—240.3 mm,春季灌水75 mm小麦对土壤贮水消耗集中在0—140 cm土层,比常规生产（CK,3次灌水共225 mm）深40 cm,灌水时间后移可显著减少2 m土体贮水消耗。土下微膜覆盖条件下,雨养耗水284.3 mm可获得不低于7 500 kg•hm-2的小麦产量,播前灌水≥60 mm或抽穗期灌水75 mm,可获得与CK相当的产量,水分利用效率比CK提高40%以上、净水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率达到最高。【结论】全田土下微膜覆盖雨养或适时少量灌水是海河平原大幅降低小麦耗水,缓解水资源供需刚性矛盾的一种新型种植方法。     

Superconducting mercury-based cuprate films with a zero-resistance transition temperature of 124 Kelvin

The synthesis of high-quality films of the recently discovered mercury-based cuprate films with high transition temperatures has been plagued by problems such as the air sensitivity of the cuprate precursor and the volatility of Hg and HgO. These processing difficulties have been circumvented by a technique of atomic-scale mixing of the HgO and cuprate precursors, use of a protective cap layer, and annealing in an appropriate Hg and O(2) environment. With this procedure, a zero-resistance transition temperature as high as 124 kelvin in c axis-oriented epitaxial HgBa(2)CaCu(2)O(6+delta) films has been achieved.     

MgB2 superconducting thin films with a transition temperature of 39 kelvin

We fabricated high-quality c axis-oriented epitaxial MgB2 thin films using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin films grown on (1 i 0 2) Al2O3 substrates have a transition temperature of 39 kelvin. The critical current density in zero field is approximately 6 x 10(6) amperes per cubic centimeter at 5 kelvin and approximately 3 x 10(5) amperes per cubic centimeter at 35 kelvin, which suggests that this compound has potential for electronic device applications, such as microwave devices and superconducting quantum interference devices. For the films deposited on Al2O3, x-ray diffraction patterns indicate a highly c axis-oriented crystal structure perpendicular to the substrate surface.     

木质素基聚电解质薄膜的制备及其力学性能

目的对工业废弃碱木质素改性制备阳离子木质素聚电解质,将其与聚乙烯醇改性产物羧甲基化聚乙烯醇复合制备聚电解质复合薄膜。分析不同因素对聚电解质薄膜力学性能的影响,并对薄膜结构、热稳定性等进行表征,为木质素基聚电解质在缓释、地膜、包装方面的应用提供理论依据。方法首先对木质素和聚乙烯醇分别进行季铵化和羧甲基化改性,制备阴、阳离子聚电解质。以甲醛为交联剂,聚乙烯醇为成膜剂,采用流延法制备三甲基木质素季铵盐/羧甲基化聚乙烯醇(TLQA/CMPVA)反应薄膜,通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析等对聚电解质薄膜结构、形貌、热性能进行表征。结果木质素季铵盐中季铵根离子质量摩尔浓度为1.81 mmol/g,羧甲基化聚乙烯醇中羧酸根离子为0.62 mmol/g。制备具有较佳力学性能的聚电解质薄膜的条件为:TLQA/CMPVA反应薄膜的固含量为10%,固含中聚乙烯醇(PVA)质量分数为30%,三甲基木质素季铵盐(TLQA)和羧甲基化聚乙烯醇(CMPVA)(质量比为3:7)的质量分数为70%,甲醛加入质量分数为3.88%,溶液pH值为9。所制备聚电解质反应薄膜的最佳断裂伸长率为222.13%,拉伸强度为6.80 MPa。聚电解质反应薄膜的平面较光滑,断面不平整,聚电解质共混薄膜平面粗糙。聚电解质反应薄膜分子结构中有醚键形成;聚电解质反应薄膜的热稳定性大于聚电解质共混薄膜的热稳定性。结论木质素和聚乙烯醇改性后,通过加入成膜剂聚乙烯醇、交联剂甲醛,聚电解质薄膜热稳定性得到提高,可获得具有较好力学性能和缓释性能的TLQA/CMPVA聚电解质反应薄膜。      

牛隐抱子虫病的研究

小麦丛矮病由北方禾谷花叶病毒(NCMV)引起,是我国小麦的主要病毒病之一。70年代以来在陕西发生,危害严重。有关丛矮病的电镜鉴定,在陕西还未见报道。     

Langmuir-blodgett films of a functionalized molecule with cross-sectional mismatch between head and tail

A functionalized surfactant has been investigated as floating monolayers by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and as bilayers transferred to solid supports by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique through atomic force microscopy. The transfer process is accompanied by an increase of the unit cell area (about 17 percent) and by an increase of the average domain diameter of nanometer-scale domains (about three times). The unit cell area of the floating monolayer corresponds to close packing of the head groups and a noncharacteristic packing of the tifted alkyl chains. The larger unit cell area of the bilayer film is consistent with a particular ordered packing of the alkyl chains, leaving free space for the head groups.     

Implementing the quantum von Neumann architecture with superconducting circuits

The von Neumann architecture for a classical computer comprises a central processing unit and a memory holding instructions and data. We demonstrate a quantum central processing unit that exchanges data with a quantum random-access memory integrated on a chip, with instructions stored on a classical computer. We test our quantum machine by executing codes that involve seven quantum elements: Two superconducting qubits coupled through a quantum bus, two quantum memories, and two zeroing registers. Two vital algorithms for quantum computing are demonstrated, the quantum Fourier transform, with 66% process fidelity, and the three-qubit Toffoli-class OR phase gate, with 98% phase fidelity. Our results, in combination especially with longer qubit coherence, illustrate a potentially viable approach to factoring numbers and implementing simple quantum error correction codes.     

Molecular architecture and evolution of a modular spider silk protein gene

Spider flagelliform silk is one of the most elastic natural materials known. Extensive sequencing of spider silk genes has shown that the exons and introns of the flagelliform gene underwent intragenic concerted evolution. The intron sequences are more homogenized within a species than are the exons. This pattern can be explained by extreme mutation and recombination pressures on the internally repetitive exons. The iterated sequences within exons encode protein structures that are critical to the function of silks. Therefore, attributes that make silks exceptional biomaterials may also hinder the fixation of optimally adapted protein sequences.     

柑橘皮分层设备的设计与果皮全利用的研究

柑橘皮可分为白皮层和色素层,分别含有不同的有效成分,将白皮层和色素层分开利用可有效提高柑橘皮的利用率。试验设计一种可将柑橘皮白皮层与色素层切割分层的设备,以甜橙皮为材料,分别考察橙皮传输速率、带锯齿深、带锯转速、柑橘皮面积对设备分层效果的影响。确定了柑橘皮分层设备的操作优化工艺：传输装置的输送速率为40～60片·min-1,带锯齿深为5 mm,转速1 400 r·min-1,柑橘皮面积≤5 cm2时,分层均一性可达到98%;当用分层设备切割橙皮从外表皮向内2 mm位点时,用上下两层橘皮分别提取类胡萝卜素和果胶,相比以全果皮提取的果胶和类胡萝卜素,果胶亮度L*值提高了53%;相同溶剂提取类胡萝卜素量可提高3.2倍。     

组合式下位分层施肥播种开沟器的研制

【目的】研制在播种的同时能将肥料分成种肥、基肥且深施播的新型播种机。【方法】在深入分析深施播机具研制存在困难及可行性的基础上,研制开发了组合式下位分层施肥播种开沟器,并将其安装在2BF-10型免耕分层施肥播种机上,对其实用性进行了检验。【结果】该开沟器具有开沟、排肥、分肥、排种逐次进行的特点,利用行进中开沟器的回土作用实现种子、种肥、基肥三者分层定量一次性深施播。该开沟器可将种子、种肥和基肥分别施于距地表5.3,11.5和17.6 cm处,达到既不烧苗,又可满足作物不同生育期对养分需要的农艺要求。【结论】研制开发的组合式下位分层施肥播种开沟器实现了种子、种肥、基肥分层施播,并能满足农艺要求。     

Density of Mars' south polar layered deposits

Both poles of Mars are hidden beneath caps of layered ice. We calculated the density of the south polar layered deposits by combining the gravity field obtained from initial results of radio tracking of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with existing surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and basal topography from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express spacecraft. The results indicate a best-fit density of 1220 kilograms per cubic meter, which is consistent with water ice that has approximately 15% admixed dust. The results demonstrate that the deposits are probably composed of relatively clean water ice and also refine the martian surface-water inventory.     

校园网格体系结构的研究

对校园网格整体架构做了详细的分析,并结合GT4提供的服务对每个层次的具体技术实现作了具体介绍,从而形成了构建校园网格环境的理论框架.     

基于SSH架构的分页查询标签的研究与实现

针对目前分页查询问题解决方案较为复杂、不易维护的问题,运用JSP自定义标签技术和HQL语言,提出了一个在SSH架构下的解决方案.该方案可有效地使分页面板的显示、处理与JSP页面分离,使用简单,功能完整,并已经成功运用于某网上书店开发.     

Intercalation complexes of lewis bases and layered sulfides: a large class of new superconductors

Exploration of the generality of the recently discovered reaction whereby certain organic molecules can be inserted between the metallic layers of the superconductors tantalum disulfide and niobium disulfide revealed that a large variety of organic and inorganic molecules can penetrate between the crystalline layers of a number of transition metal dichalcogenides and that the resulting complexes are superconducting if the layered chalcogenide from which they are formed is superconducting. The critical temperatures of the 50 new superconductors we report depend on the nature of the intercalate but are insensitive to a separation of the superconducting planes of up to 57 angstroms.