Chimeric mice with donor-type liver cells

C(3)H mice, made chimeric by lethal x-irradiation followed by injection of (C(3)H x T(6))F(1) spleen cells, were later stimulated by CCl(4) to produce a vigorous burst of hepatic parenchymal cell mitoses. Cytogenetic studies of the regenerating livers of 11 chimeras identified 89 percent of the cells as donor type by the presence of the distinctive T(6) marker.     

Fluctuation tests with antibody-forming spleen cell populations

Shortly after immunization of mice, cells forming specific antibodies to one antigen, for example, sheep red blood cells, are nonrandomly distributed throughout the spleen. If the spleen donor has been immunized with two different antigens, for example, sheep red blood cells and chicken red blood cells, the nonrandom distribution of spleen cells forming antibody to one antigen differs significantly from that of cells forming antibody to the other antigen. These findings are in accord with a clonal distribution of antibody-forming cells.     

Pathogenesis of a local graft versus host reaction: immunogenicity of circulating host leukocytes

A local invasive-destructive reaction typical of that seen in allograft rejection occurs when Lewis rat spleen cells are inoculated under the capsule of Lewis kidney freshly grafted into F(1) hybrid hosts. Thus the donor lymphoid cells can be immunogenically stimulated by circulating host leukocytes and the interaction of these two cell populations results in nonspecific damage to kidney parenchyma. The results indicate that passenger leukocytes in organ allografts may be important immunogenic agents.     

Malignant lymphomas following allogenic disease: transition from an immunological to a neoplastic disorder

The graft versus host reaction which occurs in F(1) hybrid mice injected with parental spleen cells was used to examine several immunological theories of neoplasia. Long-term survivors of this reaction developed lymphoid neoplasms which resembled Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma. Mice with these tumors were chimeras, but the parental cells present within their spleens had specific immunological tolerance toward host antigens. This, together with the finding that the tumors were transplantable only to isogenic recipients, indicates that the tumors were of host rather than donor origin.     

热应激大白鼠脾脏和肝脏组织HSP70和NOS的表达变化

随机选用42只6月龄健康雄性SD大白鼠,研究热应激处理1 h后恢复0、2、4、8、12、48 h6个时段脾脏和肝脏组织热应激蛋白70(HSP70)和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)免疫组织的化学变化规律.结果表明:(1)热应激处理后恢复4 h,大白鼠脾脏组织HSP70的阳性表达达到高峰,大量细胞破裂,8 h后呈逐渐下降的趋势;恢复0、2、4、8、12 h的阳性表达与对照的差异均达极显著水平(P0.01),恢复48 h的阳性表达与对照的差异不显著(P0.05).(2)热应激处理后各恢复期肝脏组织HSP70的阳性表达与对照的差异均不显著(P0.05).(3)热应激处理后恢复8 h,肝脏组织NOS的阳性表达达到高峰,而后逐渐下降;恢复0、2、4、8、12 h的阳性表达与对照的差异均达极显著水平(P0.01);恢复48 h的阳性表达与对照的差异不显著(P0.05),恢复0、2、4、8、12 h间的阳性表达差异均达极显著水平(P0.01);(4)热应激处理后各恢复期脾脏组织NOS的阳性表达与对照的差异均不明显.     

Eression of allelic immunoglobulin in homozygous rabbits injected with RNA extract

Ribonucleic acid extracts obtained from lymph nodes of immunized rabbits homozygous for the b(4)or b(5)allele of light chain immunoglobulin allotypes were injected intravenously into nonimmunized rabbits homozygous for the alternate allele. Approximately 30 percent of the plaque-forming cells in the spleen yielded plaques with immunoglobulin M antibody possessing the allotype of the RNA donor. The allotype of the RNA donor was also found in the IgG immunoglobulin of lymphoid cell lysates as well as in the IgG isolated from the serum. These results suggest that the injected RNA has an informational role in the in vivo synthesis of immunoglobulins by host lymphoid cells.     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠脾脏IL-2 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠脾脏IL-2mRNA表达及分布的影响。方法在成功造模60只去卵巢青年大鼠的基础上,分别皮下注射补充大豆异黄酮高、中、低剂量(1.5、1.0、0.5mg·kg-1BW)和溶媒剂,补充至第2、4和6周时每组各宰杀5只,运用原位组织杂交方法,对大鼠脾脏IL-2mRNA的表达和分布变化进行观察。结果IL-2mRNA主要分布于被膜下方的红髓区,在白髓区的脾小结外周、边缘区、动脉周围淋巴鞘外层等处也有分布。大鼠去卵巢后脾脏中IL-2mRNA的表达强度和阳性细胞数目均显著下降,并且随着去除卵巢时间的延长更趋明显;而补充大豆异黄酮高、中、低剂量后,各组IL-2mRNA的表达强度和阳性细胞数目随着时间的延长均呈上升趋势,表现时间依赖性。在同一时间段内,随着补充大豆异黄酮剂量的升高,IL-2mRNA的表达强度和阳性细胞数目也均呈上升趋势,表现为剂量依赖性。结论大豆异黄酮对脾脏内IL-2mRNA的表达具有上调作用,并存在剂量和时间依赖性。     

脾虚证大鼠肝脏组织的病理变化

观察脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织病理学变化,探讨脾虚证中肝脏组织病理学变化与脾虚证时肝脏功能障碍间的联系。利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型,运用组织病理学研究方法,从不同方面观察研究肝脏组织病理学变化。在研究中发现,脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织中出现淤血,细胞变性,萎缩,炎性细胞浸润等病理变化,而且肝脏组织中糖原储存量显著减少,门管区胶原纤维增生,细胞中酸性磷酸酶活性升高,透射电镜观察发现细胞质中蓄积大量的次级溶酶体,细胞核出现皱缩,细胞体积减小,线粒体肿胀。脾虚证中肝脏组织发生多种组织病理学变化,很有可能是引起脾虚证肝功能障碍的原因。     

大白鼠黄曲霉毒素慢性中毒的病理组织学研究

研究了在慢性中毒期，含黄曲霉毒素玉米（ＡｆＢ、１０００μｇ／ｋｇ）对大白鼠的病理损伤作用．取５２只成年雄性大鼠，分成两个大组，实验（Ｅ）组３５只和对照（Ｃ）组１７只．实验开始后第８周、２０周和４０周分３次扑杀．镜下观察到Ｅ组某些大鼠肾小球系膜基质增厚．系膜细胞增多，用萤光抗体技术证实，Ｅ组大鼠系膜细胞仍有活跃的吞噬能力；Ｅ１组大鼠脾脏明显充血，白髓内出血，Ｅ２组大鼠脾白髓周围网状细胞增生，并出现广泛的铁沉积现象．发现一例肝细胞型肝癌。除白髓出血，增生的网状细胞取代某些趋近消失的滤泡外，尚可见局部胸腺依赖区明显再生．有２例肝纤维型间皮肉瘤。少数Ｅ组鼠胸腺内出血，淋巴结窦内和稳泡内出现红细胞．３次扑杀Ｃ组均正常。     

Islet recovery and reversal of murine type 1 diabetes in the absence of any infused spleen cell contribution

A cure for type 1 diabetes will probably require the provision or elicitation of new pancreatic islet beta cells as well as the reestablishment of immunological tolerance. A 2003 study reported achievement of both advances in the NOD mouse model by coupling injection of Freund's complete adjuvant with infusion of allogeneic spleen cells. It was concluded that the adjuvant eliminated anti-islet autoimmunity and the donor splenocytes differentiated into insulin-producing (presumably beta) cells, culminating in islet regeneration. Here, we provide data indicating that the recovered islets were all of host origin, reflecting that the diabetic NOD mice actually retain substantial beta cell mass, which can be rejuvenated/regenerated to reverse disease upon adjuvant-dependent dampening of autoimmunity.     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠脾脏NGF、IL 2蛋白表达的影响

为了探讨大豆异黄酮（SI）对去卵巢大鼠脾脏中神经生长因子（NGF）、白细胞介素2（IL-2）蛋白表达的影响,本研究在成功建立去卵巢大鼠模型的基础上,对去卵巢大鼠分别隔天皮下注射高（1.5 mg·kg-1）、中（1.0 mg·kg-1）、低（0.5 mg·kg-1 ）剂量的SI,假手术组（仅手术而不去卵巢）和溶媒组（去卵巢）大鼠隔天皮下注射溶媒剂（乙醇）。补充SI至14 d和42 d时,每组随机剖杀5只大鼠,采用免疫组织化学方法,对大鼠脾脏NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达变化进行研究。结果表明,脾脏中广泛分布着NGF、IL-2蛋白,主要分布于被膜下方的红髓区,在白髓分布量极少。去卵巢后,大鼠脾脏中NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达强度和阳性细胞数目均显著下降,而且随着去除卵巢时间的延长下降加剧。体外补充SI后14 d,各剂量组和42 d低、中剂量组仅有部分恢复,变化不显著;补充高剂量SI 42 d后,脾脏NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达强度和阳性细胞数目基本恢复至假手术组的水平。大豆异黄酮能上调NGF、IL-2蛋白在脾脏内的表达,并呈现时间和剂量的依赖性。     

半枝莲联合针灸对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脾肺组织结构的保护作用

【目的】明确半枝莲醇提物联合针灸对2型糖尿病（T2DM）的治疗效果,为动物T2DM提供有效的治疗手段,进而保障宠物业的健康发展。【方法】选取60只4周龄的SPF级近交系Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为2组,健康对照组（H组）15只和建模组（M组）45只;链脲佐菌素（45 mg/kg）联合高糖高脂诱导构建T2DM大鼠模型,建模成功后将其随机分为模型对照组（M组,15只）、半枝莲治疗组（S组,15只）及半枝莲联合针灸治疗组（A组,15只,针灸穴位包括脾俞、肾俞、三阴交和足三里）。对A组和S组进行3个疗程（每疗程6 d）的治疗,分别于治疗第7、14和21 d采集各处理组大鼠的尾静脉血测定空腹血糖（FBG）,同时各处理组分别处死5只大鼠,取肝脏、脾脏和肺脏固定后制作石蜡切片,肝脏和脾脏采用HE染色,肺脏采用HE染色和Masson染色,观察其组织结构病理变化。【结果】与H组相比,M组大鼠的体重极显著下降（P<0.01,下同）,而FBG极显著升高;肝脏细胞由水肿发展为脂肪变性或局灶性坏死,炎症细胞浸润逐渐增强;脾脏组织局部细胞坏死,红髓和白髓分布混乱,淋巴细胞减少且排列紊乱;肺脏肺泡内出血,支气管黏膜下层和血管壁胶原纤维增生,最终导致部分肺泡萎陷或实变消失。与M组相比,A组和S组大鼠的体重呈增长趋势,至治疗第21 d极显著升高,而FBG在治疗第14和21 d均极显著降低;肝脏脂肪变性得到改善、水肿减轻、炎症细胞浸润减少;脾脏红髓和白髓结构、生发中心均逐渐趋于正常,淋巴细胞数量和脾小结数量均增多,且A组大鼠的增加数量多于S组大鼠;肺脏内出血减轻、炎症细胞减少,A组大鼠肺脏的肺间隔增厚程度低于S组大鼠。【结论】STZ联合高脂高糖诱导T2DM大鼠模型稳定,能对大鼠肝脏、脾脏和肺脏造成损伤。半枝莲或半枝莲联合针灸治疗对T2DM大鼠肝脏、脾脏和肺脏组织结构均具有较好的改善效果,且以针灸配合半枝莲的效果更优。     

促乳中草药对泌乳大鼠免疫功能的影响

选用分娩当日泌乳母鼠96只,分成4组,每组24只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在对照组基础上添加1%中草药(分别为王不留行、黄芪、益母草)。母鼠分娩后当日将每窝仔鼠一律调整为8只。在3、11、22日龄屠宰母鼠取血清测定各免疫指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,黄芪能显著提高泌乳后期母鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平和泌乳后期母鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),益母草能显著提高泌乳后期母鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)。泌乳期内各组母鼠血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平均差异不显著(P>0.05)。黄芪和益母草能增强泌乳大鼠的免疫功能。     

Serum alpha globulin fraction: survival-and-recovery effect in irradiated mice

An alpha macroglobulin fraction (19S) was isolated from the serum of rats and BC(3)F(1) mice by zonal ultracentrifugation. Both the isologous and heterologous macroglobulin fractions increased survival among BC(3)F(1) mice x-irradiated with 750 roentgens. The mouse macroglobulin fraction also enhanced radiation recovery of hematopoietic tissue as measured by colony-forming assay and iron-59 incorporation into erythropoietic cells. The overall difference in hematopoietic activity in the irradiated (400 roentgens) mice treated with the macroglobulin fraction, in comparison with this activity in the controls, was three- to fivefold in the bone marrow and nine- to tenfold in the spleen between days 4 and 7 after irradiation. This effect was not obtained with the isologous serum protein fraction containing proteins of smaller molecular weight.     

Anti-idiotypic network induced by T cell vaccination against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

In a study of the mechanism of resistance to autoimmune disease induced by T cell vaccination, rats were vaccinated against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by injecting them once in the hind footpads with a subencephalitogenic dose (10(4)) of a clone of T lymphocytes specific for myelin basic protein (BP). The response to vaccination was assayed by challenging the rats with an encephalitogenic dose (3 X 10(6)) of T lymphocytes of this BP-specific clone. Five to six days after vaccination, the cells responsible for mediating resistance to adoptively transferred EAE were concentrated in the popliteal lymph nodes draining the vaccination site. Transfer of the draining lymph node cells to unvaccinated rats led to loss of resistance in the donor rats and acquisition of resistance by the recipient rats. Limiting-dilution cultures of the draining lymph node cells were established with irradiated cells of the BP-specific clone as stimulators. Two sets of T lymphocytes specifically responsive to the BP-specific T cells from the clone were isolated: CD4+CD8- helper and CD4-CD8+ suppressor cells. The helper T cells, like the BP antigen, specifically stimulated the BP-specific vaccinating clone. In contrast, the suppressor T cells specifically suppressed the response of the BP-specific vaccinating clone to its BP antigen. These results suggest that T cell vaccination induces resistance to autoimmune disease by activating an antiidiotypic network.     

大鼠脊髓P物质对细胞免疫调节作用的研究

目的：观察大鼠脊髓Ｐ物质对细胞免疫水平的影响，方法：两组新生大鼠分别皮下注射辣椒素（ＣＡＰ）和Ｐ物质抗血清，成年大鼠则于脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射，用丝裂原激活的大鼠脾细胞方法测定了淋巴细胞的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平。结果：大鼠皮下及脊髓蛛网膜下腔各分别注射ＣＡＰ，Ｐ物质抗血清后，ＩＬ－２的水平较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生大鼠（皮下）与成年大鼠（蛛网膜下腔）注射ＣＡＰ或Ｐ物质抗血清垃     

The immune reaction as a stimulator of tumor growth

Various numbers of spleen cells from specifically immunized mice were mixed with constant numbers of target tumor cells, and were inoculated subcutaneously into thymectomized, x-irradiated recipients. Small numbers of admixed immune spleen cells produced a statistically significant, and reproducible, acceleration of tumor growth in the inoculum as compared with controls of either nonimmune spleen cells or spleen cells from animals immune to a different, non-cross-reacting, tumor. Larger. numbers of specifically immune spleen cells, however, produced inhibition of tumor growth. These data imply that the normal immune reaction may have a dual function in relation to neoplasia: (i) stimulation of tumor growth, early in the course of the disease, or whenever the immune reaction is minimal; (ii) inhibition of tumor growth at other times.     

鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫后的免疫学变化

实验对１日龄雏鸡接种ＭＤ三价疫苗或ＨＶＴ疫苗后的免疫应答变化进行了检测．发现ＭＤ疫苗免疫后：（１）脾脏、胸腺Ｔ细胞ＩＬ—２诱生活性和ＩＬ—２Ｒ表达明显增强或增多，表明ＩＬ—２的免疫调节作用增强；（２）胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量及Ｔ细胞增殖功能明显增高，表明中枢与外周免疫器官的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答显著增强；（３）盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜淋巴组织中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ含量明显增多，表明呼吸道与消化道的局部免疫应答也显著增强；（４）ＭＤ三价疫苗免疫鸡的上述免疫应答变化比ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫鸡明显．     

Islet regeneration during the reversal of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are a model for type 1 diabetes in humans. Treatment of NOD mice with end-stage disease by injection of donor splenocytes and complete Freund's adjuvant eliminates autoimmunity and permanently restores normoglycemia. The return of endogenous insulin secretion is accompanied by the reappearance of pancreatic beta cells. We now show that live donor male or labeled splenocytes administered to diabetic NOD females contain cells that rapidly differentiate into islet and ductal epithelial cells within the pancreas. Treatment with irradiated splenocytes is also followed by islet regeneration, but at a slower rate. The islets generated in both instances are persistent, functional, and apparent in all NOD hosts with permanent disease reversal.     

雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后免疫病理的研究

 研究了 1日龄 SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒 ( REV)后 ,胸腺和脾脏 T细胞增殖反应及 T细胞数量、法氏囊和脾脏 B细胞增殖反应和抗体生成细胞数量、胸腺和脾脏 IL- 2及 IFN诱生活性的动态变化。结果发现 ,雏鸡感染 REV后 ,胸腺和脾脏 T细胞增殖反应及数量、法氏囊和脾脏 B细胞增殖反应和 Ig G+、Ig M+、Ig A+抗体生成细胞数量均明显低于未感染对照雏鸡 ;胸腺和脾脏 IL- 2及脾脏 IFN诱生活性显著下降 ,表明感染 REV后雏鸡中枢和外周免疫器官细胞免疫和体液免疫降低及细胞因子 IL- 2及 IFN免疫调节减弱。