西双版纳地区寄生橡胶树的蚧虫种类

通过调查发现云南省西双版纳地区寄生橡胶树的蚧虫有5种,分属于3个科.其中蚧科2种,即橡胶盔蚧和橄榄黑盔蚧;粉蚧科1种,即大洋臀纹粉蚧;盾蚧科2种,即类巨腺白盾蚧和东方片圆蚧.描述了以上5种蚧虫为害橡胶树的基本情况及国内外对各蚧虫的防治概况,预测了未来可能严重为害橡胶树的蚧虫种类.     

广西首次发现入侵害虫木瓜秀粉蚧

2021年5月,广西东兴市马路镇竹围村和马路村发现一种严重危害番木瓜Carica papaya L.和茄瓜Solanum melongena L.的粉蚧,形态学鉴定为木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus(Williams&Granara de Willink),且得到了28S r DNA分子鉴定结果的证实。这是广西首次发现世界危险性入侵害虫木瓜秀粉蚧。文章介绍了该虫自然条件下的为害状、形态特征、分子鉴定结果,并讨论该虫可能的来源。     

沙田柚红圆蚧生活史及其防治的初步研究

我县是全国沙田柚生产基地县,目前已种植沙田柚12万亩。在为害沙田柚的各种害虫中,最主要的是蚧类,经近年的调查鉴定,主要种类有红圆蚧、褐圆蚧、矢尖蚧、糠片蚧、黑点蚧、吹绵蚧、堆粉蚧等,其中分布最广、发生为害最严重的是红圆蚧[Aonidiella aurantiiMaskell)]。它以幼蚧和雌成蚧终生固定在沙田柚的枝条、叶片和果实上吸食汁液,特别是为害内膛挂果枝条致枯死而严重影响挂果。红圆蚧一般在3年生树龄以上的柚树上发生为害,     

2002年度进口水果截获害虫统计分析

20 0 2年我国口岸从进口水果上截获昆虫的有效记录 4 6 74条 ,约占本年度昆虫总截获量的三分之一。现将有效记录分别按害虫种类、来源和寄主种类进行统计 ,并对种类鉴定中可能存在的有关问题进行评析 ,供同行参考。1　截获害虫统计表 1　截获害虫数量害虫名称截获批次害虫名称截获批次桔小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis 15 97蚜科Aphididae 10臀纹粉蚧Planococcussp . 30 9芒果实蝇Bactroceraoccipitalis 9爻纹细蛾Conopomorphasinensis 193吹绵蚧Iceryapurchasi 9肾圆盾蚧Aonidiellasp . 15 6粉虱Bemisiasp . 8粉蚧Pseudococcussp . 14 9黑点…     

厄瓜多尔香蕉上截获重要害虫香蕉粉蚧的鉴定

香蕉粉蚧（Pseudococcus elisae Borchsenius）是一种重要的水果害虫,该虫目前在我国无分布报道。本文描述了该虫的形态特征、分布、寄主及截获情况,提出了其鉴别特征,提供了真葡萄粉蚧复合种雌成虫检索表。研究结果可为该类粉蚧的检疫鉴定提供参考。     

从进口泰国榴莲上截获重要害虫截获秀粉蚧

截获秀粉蚧(Paracoccus interceptus Lit)是一种重要的水果及林木害虫,寄主范围十分广泛,在东南亚地区分布较广,已入侵古热带区,中国大陆目前无分布报道。2015年5月,广西局从进口泰国榴莲中首次截获该虫。本文介绍了该虫的形态特征、分布、寄主及国内外截获情况,提出了该种与其近似种的主要鉴别特征,提供了秀粉蚧属种类检索表,供检疫鉴定参考。     

扶桑绵粉蚧中国大陆寄主植物及一种茜草科寄主新纪录

通过查询和整理相关文献,扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)中国大陆寄主植物共报道有55科165种,以菊科(Asteraceae)植物最多,达31种,锦葵科(Malvaceae)次之,有14种,茜草科(Rubiaceae)寄主未见报道;2015年3月9日在云南省镇康县发现一种茜草科作物小粒咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)受扶桑绵粉蚧为害,发生程度达5级,为扶桑绵粉蚧中国大陆寄主新记录。     

一种椰子新毁灭性害虫——硬圆盾蚧

硬圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne)在印度尼西亚广泛分布,为害棕榈科(Palmae)、巴蕉属(Musa spp.)和山竹(Garcinia mangostana L)。该虫2009年在菲律宾吕宋岛八打雁省首次发现严重为害椰子,之后传播迅速,至2014年1月,已传播到菲律宾的多个省份并对当地椰子生产造成严重危害。硬圆盾蚧与椰圆盾蚧形态相似,难以准确区分。本文对硬圆盾蚧的暴发情况、鉴定、寄主、分布和防治进行了综述,并对加强该虫检疫的重要性进行了初步分析。     

从进口泰国莲雾上截获重要害虫杰克贝尔氏粉蚧

杰克贝尔氏粉蚧(Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel et Miller)在东南亚地区分布较广,寄主植物多达200余种,对寄主植物的为害十分严重。2009年4月,深圳检验检疫局从进口泰国莲雾中首次截获该虫。本文介绍了该虫的形态特征、分布、寄主及国内外截获情况。     

扶桑绵粉蚧防控技术初探

<正>扶桑绵粉蚧是新近传入我国的危险性有害生物,该害虫寄主广泛、为害严重,除严重为害棉花外,对瓜类、芝麻、观赏苗木等多种作物也有重大影响,被害作物一般减产20%~30%,严重达70%~80%,甚至绝收。2010年农业部将该虫增列为检疫性有害生物。2013年新洲区在棉花上发现扶桑绵粉蚧危害,随即展开扑灭、防控行动,取得初步成效。发生情况2013年9月6日,新洲区阳逻街新堤村一棉     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

检疫性害虫南亚果实蝇生物学及控制技术

南亚果实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)tau(Walker)]是黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜等多种果蔬作物上的一种重要检疫性害虫。近年来在我国多个省市发生危害,发生程度呈加重和扩大蔓延的趋势,对瓜果作物造成了严重的经济损失。本文概述了南亚果实蝇的发生危害规律、生物学特性,提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、诱集灭虫、雄性不育技术和保护天敌等防治措施。     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究

在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。     

伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

室内条件下研究了伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用。结果表明：伪钝绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,搜寻效率a′与处理时间Th值分别为0.5902、1.0025、0.9697、0.3146和0.0150、0.0240、0.0520、0.1681。伪钝绥螨的雌成螨喜食二斑叶螨的卵、幼螨和若螨,而对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力较弱。伪钝绥螨捕食率随着自身密度的增加而下降。捕食者密度低时,捕食率下降较快;随着捕食者密度进一步增加,捕食率下降缓慢,干扰反应方程拟合为E=0.3101P~（-0.412）。