中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响

2018年1月到2018年12月选取60头奶牛进行研究,以随机方式将所选的奶牛划分为试验组及常规组,常规组提供常规管理模式,试验组在常规模式基础上添加中草药添加剂。结果表明,2组奶牛五周的肛温均维持在38.5℃以上,呼吸频率维持在69.5次/min以上。前3周两组奶牛的生产性能差异不明显,第3周过后试验组奶牛的生产性能明显高于常规组(P0.05);第1周2组奶牛的血液生化指标差异不明显,第3周过后试验组奶牛的血液生化指标明显高于常规组(P0.05),表明中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响显著,可以更好地降低热应激反应,值得推广普及。     

围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

将120头胎次、日龄相近,体质量在70kg左右的＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交猪随机分为4组,空白对照组只饲喂基础饲粮,西药组添加0.02%半胱胺,其他2组分别添加1%和0.5%的中草药添加剂。结果表明：在生长性能方面,2个中药组（B、C组）、半胱胺组（D组）的日增重分别比空白对照组（A组）提高了9.89%（P〈0.05）,4.42%（P〉0.05）和1.26%（P〉0.05）,料肉比分别比对照组降低了7.07%（P〈0.05）,4.49%（P〈0.05）和3.97%（P〈0.05）;添加中草药添加剂,对猪只肝肾功能无不良影响。     

运动对围产期奶牛血液生化指标及免疫指标的影响

为了研究运动对围产期奶牛血液生化指标及免疫指标的影响。选取年龄、胎次和体况相近围产期健康高产奶牛30头,将奶牛随机分为2组,对照组(n=15)为非运动组;试验组(n=15)为运动组,分别采集-21,-7,0,7和30 d晨饲前静脉采血10 mL,分离血清检测生化指标、NEFA、BHBA和免疫指标,用SPSS 22.0的One-way ANOVA单因素方差分析。结果显示:运动组ALT在-7,0,7,30 d及AST在7,30 d和ALP在0,7,30 d显著(P<0.05)高于非运动组。运动组GLB、A/G和TP在-7,0,7和30 d和非运动相比差异极显著(P<0.01),GLB和TP显著高于非运动组。非运动组和运动组NEFA在分娩当天升高进而下降,非运动组NEFA趋势变化曲线高于运动组,分娩当天达到峰值且差异显著(P<0.05)。运动组与非运动相比Ca分娩当天和产后30 d组差异显著升高(P<0.05)。运动组分娩当天IgG、产后7 d TNF-α和产后30 d IgG和TNF-α显著(P<0.05)高于非运动组。综上表明,围产期奶牛分娩前适量的运动有助于维护围产期奶牛肝脏功能,提高GLB和TP的水平,维持产后Ca、IgG和TNF-α稳定,有利于维持机体免疫功能稳定。     

棕榈酸对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

选用32头荷斯坦奶牛,按产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数随机配成4组,每组8头,研究棕榈酸对奶牛干物质进食量(DMI)、生产性能及血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:1.5%组、3.0%组及4.5%组DMI比对照组分别下降2.04%、6.12%及10.44%;产奶量呈线性下降趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加棕榈酸可提高乳蛋白含量,其中3.0%组及4.5%组乳蛋白率较对照组分别提高4.03(P＜0.05)及3.89%(P＜0.05),对乳脂率和乳总固体率影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);血糖、血钙浓度有下降的趋势,血镁浓度有升高的趋势,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05).     

复方中草药添加剂对白羽王鸽生产性能、血液生化指标和胴体品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同水平的复方中草药添加剂对白羽王鸽生产性能、血液生化指标和胴体品质的影响,评价自拟复方中草药添加剂的效果和最适添加剂量。选取体重接近、健康的亲鸽400对和乳鸽800只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25对种鸽和50只乳鸽。各组分别在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%复方中草药添加剂,试验期28天。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组种鸽受精率显著提高0.88%、1.82%、0.97%(P<0.05),Ⅱ组种鸽产蛋间隔显著降低17.41%(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳鸽体重显著提高7.87%、13.24%、6.58%(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳鸽平均日增重显著提高8.24%、13.51%、6.72%(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组乳鸽血清TP水平显著提高10.20%(P<0.05),Ⅱ组乳鸽血清GLO水平显著提高7.49%(P<0.05),Ⅲ组乳鸽血清AST显著提高22%(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组乳鸽血清LDL显著提高8.22%和21.38%(P<0....     

日粮大豆磷脂对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究日粮大豆磷脂水平对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血液生化指标的影响,本试验选取8头初产泌乳早期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组2头,采用4×4重复拉丁方试验设计进行研究。4种日粮处理中大豆磷脂的添加量分别为日粮干物质基础的0,1%,2%和3%。结果显示:大豆磷脂对奶牛干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),但提高了饲料转化率,尤其是2%添加组饲料转化率显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2%大豆磷脂组奶牛的产奶量、4%标准乳、日产乳脂量和乳蛋白量显著提高(P<0.05);各组间乳成分和乳体细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05);3%大豆磷脂水平显著降低了酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.01),但对粗蛋白、粗脂肪及中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果表明:日粮大豆磷脂能够提高奶牛产奶量,提高奶牛的健康状况和免疫机能,经济效益显著。在奶牛日粮中最佳添加量为2%(干物质基础)。     

中草药添加剂对热应激奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验选择6头试验奶牛分成2组,每组3头,向试验组饲料中添加中草药添加剂,采用对比饲养试验方法,测定奶牛产量。结果表明:试验组比对照组平均多产奶1.08kg/d·头,提高了8.81%。     

Effect of Chinese Herb Additive on Blood Biochemical Indices and Production Performance in Transition Dairy Cows

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of Chinese herb additive on production performance and blood biochemical indices in transition dairy cows.Thirty six Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatments,supplemented with 0,150 and 300 g/d Chinese herb additive,respectively.Experimental duration was 7 weeks and the first week was the preliminary period.After delivery,feed,blood and milk samples were collected once a week for the measurement of dry matter intake,blood biochemical indexes and milk components.The results showed that cows fed 150 and 300 g/d Chinese herb additive tended to increase milk production (5.1% and 10.6% respectively) compared to control group,but the difference was not significant (P<0.05).Meanwhile,the somatic cell count in milk significantly decreased (P<0.05),which decreased by 62.7% and 76.6%,respectively.Feeding Chinese herb additive had no significant effect on dry matter intake and other milk composition (P>0.05).Compared to control group,cows received Chinese herb additive significantly decreased the content of serum NEFA (P<0.05),which decreased by 29.0% and 35.1%,respectively.There was no significant difference on other indexes in serum (P>0.05).The results showed that dietary supplementation with 300 g/d Chinese herb additive had a good effect for transition dairy cows,which could significantly reduce the somatic cell count in milk and the content of NEFA in blood,and would improve the health status of dairy cows,and the postpartum production performance of dairy cows.     

Effect of Supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indices in Dairy Cows

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait on production performance and blood biochemical indices in dairy cows.Forty eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups with twelve individuals in each group.The control group was fed a TMR diet,groups N1 to N3 were fed the TMR diets supplemented with 150,300,450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 1 week and the trial period lasted for 7 weeks.The results showed that compared with control group,the supplementation of 450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased 4% FCM (P<0.05),the supplementation of 150 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased milk fat content (P<0.05).Dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait had no effects on DMI,milk yield,milk protein,total solids (TS) and somatic cell counts (SCC) (P>0.05).Compared with control group,the supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly decreased blood TG content (P<0.05),and had no effects on other blood biochemical indices (P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait could improve milk quality and yield,and the lipid metabolism of dairy cows.     

补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选择48头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每个处理组12头奶牛,对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),N1、N2、N3组分别在饲喂TMR日粮的基础上补饲150、300、450 g/d女贞子。预试期1周,正试期7周。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲450 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛4%校正乳产量(P<0.05),补饲150 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛乳脂含量(P<0.05),而对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳蛋白、总固形物含量和体细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,补饲女贞子可显著降低泌乳奶牛血液中甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),而对其他血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,补饲女贞子具有提高泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、改善机体脂类代谢的作用。     

糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱(RPC)对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。采用随机分组试验设计,选取20头健康荷斯坦奶牛,按胎次(2~4)、年龄、上一胎次泌乳量和预产期相似原则分为4组,每组5头。对照组饲喂TMR日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂TMR日粮＋200 g糊化阴离子盐基础上分别添加10、20、30 g/(头·d)RPC。预试期7 d,正试期从预产期前21 d饲喂至产犊结束。结果表明:①各试验组产前21 d大部分时间点的干物质采食量(DMI)均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);各试验组营养物质表观消化率普遍高于对照组,其中添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P< 0.05),各试验组钙(Ca)表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率(P< 0.05)。②各试验组产后90 d内的总泌乳量显著或极显著高于对照组(P< 0.05;P< 0.01);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高饲料转化率(P< 0.05);添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高初乳中乳干物质率、乳蛋白率和乳脂率(P< 0.05)。③各试验组血清Ca²⁺含量显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高部分时间点血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量(P< 0.05),显著降低部分时间点血浆总胆固醇(TCHO)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的含量(P< 0.05)。综上所述,围产前期添加阴离子盐和PRC能提高奶牛产前干物质采食量和部分营养物质表观消化率,改善围产期血钙和血脂代谢,提高生产性能和饲料转化率,围产期奶牛日粮在添加200 g糊化阴离子盐的基础上,PRC的最适添加量为30 g/(头·d)。     

Effects of Pasting Anionic Salt and RPC on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Perinatal Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of pasting anionic salt and RPC on production performance and blood biochemical indexes of perinatal dairy cows.Using randomized trial design, 20 healthy Holstein cows which according to the tire time (2 to 4), age, last time lactation quantity and parturition date were chosen.They were divided into four groups, 5 cows per group.The control group was fed TMR diet, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups were fed the basal diet +200 g pasting anion salt and supplemented with 10, 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC, respectively.There were 7 days to pilot test, formal test was from antenatal 21 d to parturition.The results showed that:①DMI of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group during most of antenatal 21 days (P< 0.05);The nutrients apparent digestibility of all experimental groups were generally higher than that of control group;Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, ADF (P< 0.05);The apparent digestibility of Ca of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of EE (P< 0.05).②Among postpartal 90 days, the total milk yield of all experimental groups were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly enhanced the feed conversion rate (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was improved the percentage of milk dry matter, milk protein and milk fat of colostrum (P< 0.05).③Serum Ca²⁺ concentration of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the part time plasma TG levels (P< 0.05), significantly reduced the part time plasma contents of TCHO, BHBA and NEFA (P< 0.05).In conclusion, among the perinatal period added pasting anionic salt and RPC could improve early prenatal DMI and part nutrients apparent digestibility, improve perinatal blood calcium and blood lipid metabolism, and enhance the production performance and feed conversion rate, based on adding 200 g pasting anion salt among early perinatal, the best add amount of RPC was 30 g/(head·d).     

中药添加剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

300只海兰白商品代60周龄的产蛋鸡,随机分为3组。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1%中药添加剂,第Ⅲ组为对照组。观察各组每天的产蛋率、日产蛋量等生产性能指标,并定期测定蛋品质指标。结果:试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组比对照组的料蛋比、产蛋率、哈夫单位及蛋黄颜色均显著提高,平均蛋重、蛋形指数及蛋壳厚度均比对照组高,但差异不显著,其他指标与对照组差异不显著。结论:在蛋鸡日粮中添加0.5%~1%的中药散剂,可显著提高产蛋率和蛋品质。     

中草药添加剂对奶牛生产性能及免疫机能影响的研究进展

中草药添加剂由于具有无毒、副作用小等优点,其开发与应用逐渐受到广大畜牧业生产者的重视。作者就中草药添加剂对奶牛生产性能和免疫机能的影响进行综述,以期引起人们在生产过程中对中草药使用的重视。     

热应激对肉鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

将120只14日龄的艾维茵肉仔母鸡随机分成2组,对照组(24～27 ℃),高温组(30～35 ℃),研究高温条件对肉鸡生产性能、血液理化指标的影响机理.结果表明:温度为30～35 ℃,相对湿度为70%～85%环境条件可显著降低肉鸡采食量、日增重和饲料转化率.长期慢性热应激影响了机体内正常物质的代谢过程,使血清总蛋白水平下降,血糖浓度显著升高,血清酶(CK、LDH)活性升高,但ALP却降低,皮质醇升高,甲状腺激素(T3、T4)降低.     

氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选择36头体况良好的泌乳初期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,平均泌乳天数(DIM)为(39.69±12.48) d、平均胎次为(3.02±0.64)胎。采用单因素随机试验设计,按年龄、产奶量、胎次相同或相近的原则,将36头荷斯坦奶牛区组配对后随机分为3组,每组12头奶牛,其中对照组奶牛饲喂仅添加有瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸(HMBi)的TMR日粮;试验1、2组日粮在对照组的基础上分别添加2种水平的瘤胃保护性赖氨酸,以平衡日粮中的氨基酸。结果表明,①与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛饲料转化率分别提高10.60%和11.26%(P>0.05),而干物质采食量没有显著变化(P>0.05),平均每日4%校正乳产量分别显著提高了8.65%和10.58%(P<0.05),并可显著或极显著增加乳脂和乳蛋白产量(P<0.05;P<0.01);饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛繁殖性能、健康状况无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮60 d时,奶牛血清中葡萄糖、总氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛经济效益分别增加了15.09和16.36元/(头·d)。综上所述,饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮能显著提高奶牛的生产性能,具有改善奶牛代谢状况的趋势。     

Effect of Amino Acid Balance Diet on Production Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Economic Benefits in Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of amino acid balance diet on production performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits in dariy cows.36 healthy Holstein cows in the early lactation period were selected,the average number of lactation (DIM) was (39.69±12.48) d,the average parity was 3.02±0.64.Principle of experiments using single factor randomized experimental design accroding to age,milk yield,parity identical same or similar,the 36 Holstein cows were assigned by random block design to 3 groups,and each group were 12 cows.The control group cows were fed with TMR diets only adding rumen-protected methionine (HMBi);Diets of group 1 and 2 were on the basis of control group,respectively adding two kinds of rumen-protected lysine levels in order to balance the amino acid in diet.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the feeding conversion ratio in groups 1 and 2 were increased by 10.60% and 11.26% (P>0.05),respectively,while the dry matter intake had no significantly changed (P>0.05),the 4% average daily milk yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly increased by 8.65% and 10.58% (P<0.05),respectively,and the milk fat and milk protein yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively.Adding amino acid balance diet had no significantly effects on reproductive performance and health conditions in dariy cows (P>0.05).② When feeding the amino acid balance diets for 60 days,the contents of GLU and TAA in serum of dairy cows were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the BUN content was significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups 1 and 2 were increased by 15.09 and 16.36 yuan/(head·d).The results indicated that feeding the amino acid balance diets could significantly improve production performance of dairy cows,and there was a tendency to improve metabolic conditions.