吉林省部分地区蜱和羊携带羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体分子流行病学调查

为调查吉林省部分地区蜱虫和羊体内羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体的流行情况，本试验采用PCR方法对采自吉林省5个地区的340份羊血液样本和841份蜱虫样本进行检测，并对部分阳性样本测序，建立系统发育树。结果显示，蜱虫中羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体阳性率分别为4.64%(39/841)和7.13%(60/841);羊血液样本中羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体阳性率分别17.06%(58/340)和10.00%(34/340),混合感染率为3.24%(11/340)。蜱虫和羊血液样本中感染的羊泰勒虫为吕氏泰勒虫单独感染，未检测到尤氏泰勒虫和绵羊泰勒虫。系统发育树分析显示，蜱虫和羊血液样本中检测到的泰勒虫与吕氏泰勒虫处于同一分支，与吕氏泰勒虫河南株亲缘关系较近，与尤氏泰勒虫、绵羊泰勒虫亲缘关系较远；蜱虫和羊血液样本中检测到的嗜吞噬细胞无浆体与韩国株、俄罗斯株处于同一分支，亲缘关系较近。结果表明，吉林省羊泰勒虫和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体感染普遍存在。本调查结果为吉林省羊泰勒虫病和嗜吞噬细胞无浆体病的综合防治提供了理论依据。     

米东区牛羊布氏杆菌病的血清学调查

为了解米东地区的牛羊布氏杆菌病的流行情况,对该地区的牛羊采用随机抽取方式共采集牛血清样品2 347份、羊血清样品244份,采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验进行了血清学检测。结果显示:检出羊阳性血清1份,阳性率0.4%;牛阳性血清78份,阳性率3.3%,说明该地区的牛羊群中存在布氏杆菌病的感染情况,需采取进一步的监测净化防控措施。     

共和县切吉乡牛羊衣原体病血清学调查

共和县切吉乡是一个以牛羊养殖为主的牧区,近年来,部分牛羊发生流产现象,严重地影响到了当地畜牧业经济的发展,导致流产的原因主要是布氏杆菌病和衣原体病,但是通过对牛羊进行布氏杆菌病血清学调查,结果全部为阴性,于是笔者怀疑是衣原体病导致的牛羊流产,为了掌握共和县切吉乡牛羊衣原体病的感染情况,2014~2015年,应用间接血凝试验(IHA)对牛血清300份、羊血清200份进行了衣原体病血清学检测,检出牛血清阳性12份,阳性率为4%,羊血清阳性18份,阳性率为9%。结果表明共和县切吉乡牛羊群中有衣原体病感染,并呈逐年上升的趋势。     

我国中山病的血清流行病学调查

2014年本实验室在广西分离获得一株中山病病毒,表明中山病在我国已经存在。为调查中山病在我国的流行分布状况,本实验采用经典的病毒微量中和试验方法,对我国黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆、山东、江苏、湖北、广西、云南和海南等9个省区的543份牛羊血清进行检测。其中,海南68份牛羊血清样品中阳性样品39份,阳性率高达57.35%;黑龙江的80份样品检测结果均为阴性;其他各省的血清阳性率介于6%~48.65%。结果表明,目前被调查的9个省区除黑龙江省外均存在中山病的流行,南方的感染率较高;对新疆、湖北、广西、云南4个省自治区牛和羊的易感性进行比较,除新疆外,牛的阳性率均比羊高,牛血清阳性率6%~58.5%,羊16.67%~33.33%;对不同季节中山病感染率进行比较,结果显示,秋季(9~11月)感染率(16.67%~43.33%)最高,明显高于春季和夏季。由于采集的血清来自具有代表性的省份,以上研究结果表明,中山病在我国的流行具有广泛性。     

青海省祁连县默勒镇牛羊布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

通过布氏杆菌试管凝集实验(SAT),对祁连县默勒镇牛羊的流产病进行调查,其中32.8%的牛羊有流产病史,并对种公畜进行布氏杆菌病的抽血检测,共检测3706份(其中牦牛血液样品595份,绵羊血液样品3111份),其阳性率为5.67%。     

2019年我国部分地区屠宰生猪旋毛虫和弓形虫检测

为了解我国部分地区屠宰生猪旋毛虫和弓形虫感染情况,2019年在广东（5个）、山东（4个）、云南（6个）等省份的15个大型、中小型生猪屠宰场,采集猪膈肌样品315份,用PCR方法进行旋毛虫和弓形虫病原学检测;在以上3省15个大型、中小型生猪屠宰场（每省5个）,采集血清样品254份,用ELISA方法进行旋毛虫和弓形虫血清学检测。结果显示：经PCR检测,采样地区所有膈肌样品均为旋毛虫阴性,仅在云南省120份膈肌样品中检出1份弓形虫阳性;经ELISA检测,采样地区血清样品的旋毛虫和弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为1.97%和2.36%,不同省份的阳性率分布不一致,中小型屠宰场阳性率均高于大型屠宰场。结果表明,广东、山东、云南等省份屠宰生猪的旋毛虫和弓形虫携带率极低,基本可以保证猪肉的产品安全;部分地区屠宰生猪存在一定的弓形虫感染抗体,尤其是中小型屠宰场,表明此类猪群需要加强饲养环节的弓形虫感染控制。本研究为保障猪肉食品安全及饲养环节的猪旋毛虫和弓形虫感染控制提供了依据和指导。     

青海省海南州兴海县地区牛羊布氏杆菌病血清学调查

为了解青海省海南州兴海县地区牛羊布氏杆菌病的感染情况,本研究采用虎红平板凝集法和试管凝集实验对2014~2015年采的1746份牛、羊血清进行布氏杆菌血清抗体的检测,受检的232份牛血清,检出1份阳性,阳性率为0.43%,3份可疑血清。受检的1514份羊血清,检出4份阳性,阳性率为0.26%,9份可疑血清。但经试管凝集实验进行验证试验未检出阳性血清,说明我国对布氏杆菌病采取的监测净化防控措施,取得了很好的效果。     

新疆北部地区蜱传嗜吞噬细胞无浆体病原学检测与分子遗传进化分析

为调查我国新疆北部地区蜱及牛、羊体内蜱传播性嗜吞噬细胞无浆体(Anaplasmaphagocyto-philum)病原的流行情况,收集了新疆北部地区13个县(市)的蜱虫样品及血液样品(蜱虫样品609只,牛血液样品670份,羊血液样品631份),提取基因组DNA,PCR检测后挑选阳性样品测序(1/3),分析其感染状况及病...     

青海省部分地区羊流产病因的血清学调查

2020年采集青海省刚察县、门源县、乌兰县、海晏县部分地区流产母羊血液,分离血清进行了布氏杆菌病、衣原体病和弓形虫病的检测,结果显示,183份样品中,布氏杆菌病阳性6份,阳性率3.28%;衣原体阳性10份,阳性率5.46%;弓形虫阳性1份,阳性率0.55%。     

规模黑山羊养殖场主要疫病的血清学调查分析——以贵州玉屏为例

目的:对贵州玉屏地区规模养殖场黑山羊疫病防控情况进行调查研究。方法:选取60份黑山羊血清样本,对布鲁氏杆菌、丝状支原体山羊亚种、绵羊肺炎支原体亚种血清抗体、山羊口蹄疫血清抗体、山羊痘进行检测,统计分析各项疫病血清检测的阳性率数据。结果:纳入检测的60份血清样本总阳性检出率为65.0%,其中布鲁氏杆菌阳性率最高,为16.7%,其次分别为丝状支原体山羊亚种13.3%、绵阳肺炎支原体亚种10.0%、O型口蹄疫8.3%、A型口蹄疫6.7%、亚洲I型口蹄疫6.7%、山羊痘3.3%。结论:贵州玉屏黑山羊疫病防控情况仍然不容乐观,各项疫病均可检测出阳性血清样本,养殖场管理人员还需做好预防接种、饲养管理等工作,保证黑山羊饲养安全。     

Epidemiological Investigation of Francisella tularensis Transmitted by Rabbits and Ticks in Some Provinces of China

The aim of this investigation was to find out the prevalence of Francesella tularensis in some provinces of China. Using the general and subspecies PCR detection method for Francesella tularensis established in our laboratory, PCR detection of Francesella tularensis in rabbits and ticks was carried out in provinces with high-density rabbits feeding and some provinces and cities with sheep and cattle stock. The results showed that DNA detection of Francesella tularensis from rabbit tissues and ticks carried by cattle and sheep was positive. 12 out of 218 rabbit samples were positive (5.5% positive rate), and 15 tick samples were positive (3.1%) of 490 tick samples. In terms of geographical distribution, most of the positive rabbit samples were from Shandong, Henan and Sichuan province, however, ticks collected from Yunnan and Shandong province showed a higher positive rate. PCR detection showed that Francesella tularensis subspecies in this investigation was F.h, which was a subspecies with strong toxicity. This investigation revealed that Francesella tularensis presented in rabbits and ticks, public health and safety risks of Francesella tularensis existed in Shandong and Yunnan province, which should be paid more attention by the relevant scientific research institutions, medical institutions and government departments.     

PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks

Tick-borne diseases in ruminants are common in tropical and subtropical regions and lead to meat and milk production losses. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the presence of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks. We have demonstrated that the PCR enabled detection of T. ovis in field isolates of R. bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats in eastern Turkey. The sampling was done in spring season (between May and June 2004). A total of 420 R. bursa were collected and randomly selected 192 number of them (97 female and 95 male) were dissected. Primers specific for 520 bp fragments small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene of T. ovis amplified products from 37 of the 192 (19.27%) samples. The parasite was detected in 17 (17.52%) female and in 20 (21.05%) male ticks. Two T. ovis amplicons from the tick samples were purified and sequenced. The resulting sequences were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Turkish sheep strain of T. ovis. These results showed that R. bursa might play an important role in the field as a natural vector of T. ovis.     

我国部分地区牛羊弓形虫血清流行病学调查

为了解我国牛羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验（IHA）对河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、云南、贵州6省区151份牛血清、50份奶样、490份羊血清进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。结果显示：151份被检牛血清和50份牛奶样品,弓形虫抗体均为阴性。490份羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率5.71％,其中母羊、公羊血清阳性率分别为4.03％和9.79％;山羊、绵羊、杂交羊血清阳性率分别为6.58％、4.81％和5.13％;阳性率最高的为公山羊（13.2％）,最低的为母绵羊（2.96％）。28份阳性羊血清中,75％的抗体滴度为1：64,25％的抗体滴度为1：256。1岁后的羊,随年龄增长,血清阳性率升高。     

东南沿海地区水禽源大肠杆菌耐药表型及耐药基因型的调查

为研究水禽中大肠杆菌的耐药表型及耐药基因型,本研究从中国广东、福建、浙江、江苏和山东5个省市的水禽养殖场及周边环境中采集鸭粪便样品、水样以及土样1 505份,采用选择性培养基和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间(MALDI-TOF-MS)质谱分离鉴定大肠杆菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测耐药表型,采用PCR方法筛选大肠杆菌中的25种耐药基因。结果显示,1 505份样品中共分离鉴定出449株大肠杆菌,分离率为29.8%,其中335份来源于粪便,52份来源于土壤,62份来源于水,这些样品中浙江(43.3%)和广东(43.2%)的分离率最高,其次是福建(28.1%)和江苏(23.8%),山东(18.3%)的分离率最低。449株大肠杆菌具有多重耐药性,对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、金霉素、氟苯尼考和磺胺类药物的耐药率分别为90.2%、50.3%、96.7%、87.3%和90.6%,而对替加环素和美罗培南则比较敏感,来源不同省份的大肠杆菌对不同抗菌药呈现出不同的耐药率。PCR检测结果发现,449株大肠杆菌中耐药基因tet(A)检出率最高(88.2%),随后是floR(58.13%)、sul2(57.02%)、tet(B)(53.9%)、cmlA(39.2%)和sul1(36.75%),未检测到qnrA、tet(M)和tet(X)耐药基因的大肠杆菌。在这5个省份中,上述耐药基因在山东省样品中分布均较高,而在浙江省和江苏省样品中分布较低。综上所述,本研究调查了中国东南沿海五省水禽及环境中大肠杆菌的耐药现状,为养殖业抗生素的规范使用提供理论依据。     

Identification of the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion in field-collected Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch ticks

Epizootic bovine abortion (EBA), or foothill abortion as it has often been termed, is a tick-borne disease of pregnant cattle recognized in California, Nevada and Oregon. The primary objective of this study was to better define the relationship of a novel deltaproteobacterium, the putative etiological agent of EBA (aoEBA), with the Pajaroello tick (Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch), the recognized vector of EBA. Three developmental stages of O. coriaceus (larva, nymph, and adult) were collected from five locations in California, Nevada and Oregon. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR), developed for detection of aoEBA, was applied to DNA extracted from ticks. Southern blotting of the PCR products increased the number of ticks determined to be carrying the bacteria by seven-fold, suggesting the majority of infected ticks carry relatively low numbers of the pathogen. An effort was made to determine if an artificial blood meal would stimulate replication of the bacterial pathogen, thereby increasing the frequency in which aoEBA could be identified; no statistically significant effect was evident. The number of ticks determined to be carrying aoEBA varied with geographic location and ranged from 5 to 20%. aoEBA was found in both adults (12% of the males and 12% of the females) and nymphs (13%) but not larvae. Comparative analysis of dissected ticks provided strong evidence that the salivary gland was the most common location of aoEBA in field-collected ticks. No significant correlations were identified between the frequency of infection and tick weight, suggesting that increasing tick age and increased number of blood meals did not increase infectivity.     

蜱携带牛丙型肝炎病毒新亚型巢式PCR检测方法的建立

旨在提高新发现的牛丙型肝炎病毒毒株——广东湛江毒株(bovine hepacivirus-GDZJ,BovHepV-GDZJ)的检测及诊断能力,初步了解广东地区蜱携带BovHepV-GDZJ的情况,本研究结合宏转录组学、高通量测序及PCR技术,针对高通量测序结果中丰度高的基因区域,设计该病毒的巢式PCR特异性引物.通过...     

2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况

本文通报了2012年全国家畜血吸虫病疫情状况。在2012年,湖南省、湖北省、江西省、四川省、安徽省、云南省、江苏省等7省共有存栏牛1 033 056头,存栏羊2 024 512只,其他家畜存栏数891 301头（匹、只）。2012年共检查了684 899头牛,其中牛血吸虫病阳性3961头,阳性率0.58%,比2011年的阳性数下降了42.57%;检查了71 473只羊,其中羊血吸虫病阳性406只,阳性率0.57%,比2011年的阳性数下降了4.19%,并对142 976头其他家畜进行了检查,其中血吸虫病阳性为21头,阳性率0.01%。湖南省和江西省的病牛数占到了全国病牛数的80.06%。2012年,全国家畜血吸虫病疫情较之2011年继续下降,但是洞庭湖和鄱阳湖地区依然是今后家畜血吸虫病疫情控制的难点和重点。     

Serosurvey and molecular detection of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Turkey

In this study, the hard ticks, whole blood and serum samples collected from small ruminants (sheep and goat) in middle Black Sea region of Turkey where Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) human cases were observed in the past years were surveyed for the presence of RNA and specific IgG antibodies from CCFH virus (CCHFV). CCHFV RNA was found in 30 of 255 tick pools (11.76%) and nine of 105 (8.57%) leucocyte samples. No CCHFV genomic RNA was detected from animals in Yildizeli and Vezirkopru. However, CCHFV RNA was found from animals in Gerze and Resadiye. Seventy-eight of 105 goat and sheep blood serum samples tested were antibody-positive for CCHFV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (goat: 42/63; sheep: 36/42). Viral RNA was detected from tick samples in all of four provinces. Positivity rates for the provinces varied and were as follows: Gerze 13.04%, Resadiye 35.41%, Vezirkopru 1.61% and Yildizeli 6.06%. CCHFV genomic RNA was detected in four of seven tick species tested. These results suggest that these hard ticks may act as a reservoir for CCHFV in northern Turkey.     

四川省松潘县牦牛体表蜱、高原鼠兔携带巴尔通体和无形体的PCR检测与进化分析

旨在了解四川省松潘县牦牛体表蜱、高原鼠兔巴尔通体和无形体感染情况。采集牦牛体表的蜱和捕获高原鼠兔，对蜱进行形态学初步鉴定后，提取蜱和高原鼠兔脾总DNA，PCR扩增蜱16S rRNA、巴尔通体rpoB和无形体16S rRNA基因，对PCR产物阳性产物测序、比对及构建系统进化树，从而确定蜱种类及蜱和高原鼠兔感染巴尔通体和无形体的种类及感染率。结果显示：在松潘县进安乡、山巴乡、下八寨乡各采集到蜱102、97和131只，共计330只，经鉴定均为青海血蜱。蜱巴尔通体仅检出1种巴尔通体，与B.melophagi亲缘关系最近，进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出率分别为16.7%、8.2%和18.3%，其中下八寨乡检出率显著高于进安乡（P<0.05）；蜱源无形体进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出率分别为9.8%、12.4%和26.7%，下八寨乡检出率显著高于进安乡（P<0.01），检出的无形体均为1种，与牛无形体（A.bovis）亲缘关系最近；下八寨乡检出的鼠兔源巴尔通体与B.queenslandens亲缘关系最近，感染率为6.7%；进安乡、山巴乡和下八寨乡检出的鼠兔源巴尔通体与B.grahamii亲缘关系最近，感染率分别为8.7%、17.9%和13.3%，3个点检出率无显著差异；未定种Bartonella sp.（MN296294）和Bartonella sp.（MN296293）仅分别在进安乡和下巴乡检出；与蜱均检出无形体不同，高原鼠兔均未检出无形体。此外，蜱和高原鼠兔均未发现2种及2种以上病原混合感染。松潘县青海血蜱携带巴尔通体和无形体，高原鼠兔感染巴尔通体，且首次在高原鼠兔体内检测到疑似B.queenslandens的病原体，提示当地居民有感染这两类病原风险。     

多重PCR检测圈养牛、猪和羊源魏氏梭菌

采用多重PCR对圈养源魏氏梭菌的α，β，ε，ι毒素基因进行了检测，结果证实该方法具有很高的特异性。通过对山东德州、枣庄、泰安、蒙阴曾经流行过魏氏梭菌病的猪场、牛场和羊场的162个粪便样品进行检测，检出率为19．1％，均为A型。应用该方法鉴别魏氏梭菌血清型快速、简便，结果对于预防治疗均具有重要的指导作用。