共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
I. G. Loskutov I. A. Kosareva S. V. Melnikova E. V. Blinova L. V. Bagmet 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):955-965
An evaluation of diversity of aluminium (Al) tolerance of 180 genebank accessions of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid of wild Avena species from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) showed that the accessions with a high degree of aluminium tolerance belonged to the diploids A. canariensis, A. longiglumis and A. wiestii, the tetraploids A. barbata, A. vaviloviana, and hexaploids A. ludoviciana and A. sterilis. A comparison of the data on Al tolerance with the soil conditions demonstrated that most highly tolerance accessions tend to be collected on different type of soils. According to the results of the principal component analysis, preliminary screening for Al tolerance can be carried out among hexaploid species with higher degree of plant resistance to pathogens. 相似文献
2.
M. R. Naghavi M. J. Aghaei A. R. Taleei M. Omidi J. Mozafari M. E. Hassani 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(4):499-506
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), highly dispersed nucleotide sequences in genomes, were used for germplasm analysis and estimation
of the genetic relationship of the D-genome among 52 accessions of T. aestivum (AABBDD), Ae. tauschii (DtDt), Ae. cylindrica (CCDcDc) and Ae. crassa (MMDcr1Dcr1), collected from 13 different sites in Iran. A set of 21 microsatellite primers, from various locations on the seven D-genome
chromosomes, revealed a high level of polymorphism. A total of 273 alleles were detected across all four species and the number
of alleles per each microsatellite marker varied from 3 to 27. The highest genetic diversity occurred in Ae. tauschii followed by Ae. crassa, and the genetic distance was the smallest between Ae. tauschii and Ae. cylindrica. Data obtained in this study supports the view that genetic variability in the D-genome of hexaploid wheat is less than in
Ae. tauschii. The highest number of unique alleles was observed within Ae. crassa accessions, indicating this species as a great potential source of novel genes for bread wheat improvement. Knowledge of
genetic diversity in Aegilops species provides different levels of information which is important in the management of germplasm resources. 相似文献
3.
Under the view of species genetic erosion and the need of better crops, wild species could become important germplasm sources
for breeding. At present, several wild Avena species are used as donors of valuable characters in oat breeding. In this study, wild oat distribution and diversity in
wheat, barley and oat fields of Greece was examined by means of a 3-year survey in some typical cereal producing regions in
the central part of the country. Greenhouse experiments were also conducted in order to compare seedlings grown from wild
oat accessions of these regions under the same conditions. A total of 151 fields were surveyed and 158 accessions of wild
oats were studied in terms of some morphological traits. The occurrence and distribution of A. sterilis was very high, while a noticeable and first-time analytically reported presence of A. fatua was evident in some of the surveyed wheat fields. The high diversity of wild oat was furthermore indicated by means of the
pot experiments. The high degree of phenotypic variation in A. sterilis could be attributed to the earlier introduction of this species in the sampling area, compared to A. fatua. Wild oat distribution and diversity in a region seems crucial for the cereal production and is an important parameter which
must be considered in evaluating efficacy of weed control strategies, while genes controlling these characters could be potentially
used to improve cultivated forms of oats or other cereals. 相似文献
4.
Igor G. Loskutov 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(2):211-220
This article presents literary review and results analysis of evaluation of representative set of oat accessions of all Avena L. species. Results of complex study of major morphological characters and utilization of the karyotype structure data confirmed
by the results of RAPD and avenin spectrum analysis are presented. Relationships of genomes of different Avena species at each ploidy level are discussed. Two genomes form the base of all Avena species, namely the A and C genomes. Results of the evaluation of several characteristics of the oat species and their geographical
distribution are analysed. Probable evolutionary pathway of Avena species are suggested. Most likely the centres of origin of genus Avena L. are determined. 相似文献
5.
Ali Gharghani Zabihollah Zamani Alireza Talaie Nnadozie C. Oraguzie Reza Fatahi Hassan Hajnajari Claudia Wiedow Susan E. Gardiner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(6):829-842
In order to shed light on the role of Iran in apple evolution and domestication, we chose to investigate the relationships
of a collection of 159 accessions of wild and domesticated apples including Iranian indigenous apple cultivars and landraces,
selected wild species, and old apple scion and rootstock cultivars from different parts of the world. The majority of the
wild species belonged to M. sieversii, which is widely believed to be the main maternal wild ancestor of domestic apples, from Kazakhstan and M. orientalis, which is one of the probable minor ancestors of domestic apples, from Turkey and Russia located on the east and west of
Iran, respectively. The accessions were assigned into six arbitrary populations for the purpose of generating information
on genetic parameters. Nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci selected from previous studies in apple were screened over DNA
extracted from all the accessions. Results showed that all SSR loci displayed a very high degree of polymorphism with 11–25
alleles per locus. In total, there were 153 alleles across all loci with an average of 17 alleles per locus. The SSR allelic
data were then used for estimation of population genetic parameters, including genetic variation statistics, F-statistics,
gene flow, genetic identity, genetic distance and then cluster analysis using POPGENE 1.32 software. The F-statistics and
gene flow in particular, showed that there was more intra-population than between population variation. The genetic identity
and genetic distance estimates, and the dendrogram generated from the un-weighted pair group arithmetic average (UPGMA) method
of cluster analysis showed that the Iranian cultivars and landraces were more closely related to M. sieversii from Central Asia (east of Iran) and M. orientalis native to Turkey and Russia than to other accessions of Malus species. Also, the old apple cultivars from different parts of the world have a closer genetic relationship to M. sieversii, M. orientalis and the Iranian apples, than to other wild species. Based on these results, we suggest that the Iranian apples may occupy
an intermediate position between the domesticated varieties and wild species. We propose that Iran could be one of the major
players in apples’ domestication and transfer from Central Asia to the western countries. 相似文献
6.
Alejandro Copete Roberto Moreno Adoración Cabrera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1455-1469
The genetic diversity was studied of 115 Agropyron cristatum accessions from 17 countries. Tetraploids were the most common (74.8%), followed by diploid (16.3%) and hexaploid (6.9%). We observed a relation between geographic distribution and ploidy level. The tetraploids, the most widespread, were found from Europe through Russia to East Asia. The diploids appeared over the same general range, except in Turkey, Iran and Georgia where no diploid accessions were found. Hexaploid accessions mainly came from a region comprising the east of Turkey, the north of Iran and Georgia. A selection of 71 accessions, including all three ploidy levels, were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using six wheat simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All markers presented high levels of polymorphism, generating 166 different alleles ranging in size between 84 and 256 bp. Based on polymorphic information content values obtained (0.579–0.968), all the SSRs were classified as informative markers (values?>?0.5). According to the dendrogram generated, all the A. cristatum accessions were distinctly classified. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid accessions are not clearly differentiated from each other on the basis of SSR markers. A field experiment was conducted to morphologically characterize 18 accessions including the three ploidy levels. Significant differences were found between the accessions in spike length, spike width and number of spikelets per spike. All the cytological, molecular, and morphological data demonstrate the high genetic diversity present in A. cristatum, making it a valuable resource for future breeding programs. 相似文献
7.
Chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) are widely distributed in the chloroplast genomes of all plant species, and are frequently employed for genotypic and phylogenetic analysis. However, information on intra- and interspecies variation in cpSSRs is lacking. In this study, we sequenced four intergenic (non-coding) chloroplast DNA regions in 57 accessions of 12 tetraploid, and 16 accessions of 4 hexaploid species of Triticum and Aegilops. These sequence data added to our previous data for diploid species in the same chloroplast regions. Intra- and interspecific genetic variation was analyzed for a total of 189 accessions of 13 diploid, 12 tetraploid, and 4 hexaploid species of Triticum and Aegilops, such that all species were represented by multiple accessions. The data were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within and among Triticum and Aegilops species. Based on this robust phylogenetic tree, seven of eight cpSSR loci clearly exhibited “size homoplasy,” referring to the fact that cpSSRs of identical size and DNA sequence can arise even if the alleles are not descended from a common ancestor. These data indicate that cpSSRs should be used with caution in phylogenetic analyzes. Interestingly, as observed from several previous studies, our data also suggest that observed mutation rates may increase significantly when mononucleotide (homopolymer) repeat numbers reach or exceed 9 bp. In the present report, using this sequence data set involving cpSSRs, 81 unique haplotypes among 189 accessions were detected, and five tetraploid Triticum and Aegilops species were successfully identified and genotyped. Our results indicate that combinations of nucleotide substitutions, indels and SSRs of chloroplast nucleotide sequences are available for genotyping at the species accession level. 相似文献
8.
G. Ladizinsky 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1995,42(1):49-55
Summary The genomic formula ACD of the hexaploid oat,Avena saliva, AC for the tetraploid speciesA. magna andA. murphyi, and the hypothesis that the A genome was contributed byA. strigosa group and C genome byA. ventricosa—A. eriantha group, have derived from karyotype studies. Cytogenetic evidence, however, does not support any of the known diploid oats
as possible progenitors of the hexaploid oats.A. magna, and to a lesser extent,A. murphyi, are closer to the hexaploids than other tetraploids. Morphologically, these tetraploids resemble thesterilis type, which is apparently the genuine form of the hexaploid oats, with a few important differences. Spikelet morphology of
these three wild oats indicates some features that must also occur in one or more of their diploid progenitors: 1. Ventricose
diaspore containing the entire spikelet, 2. Long and broad callus with blunt tip, 3. Awn insertion at the lower one quarter
of the lemma, 4. Close proximity of lemma tips of the two lower florets.A. magna andA. murphyi have narrow ecological ranges and are restricted to heavy alluvial soils which are now mostly under cultivation. It is likely
that on similar soil type the diploid progenitors would grow as well and a search for them should be attempted there. Morocco
is the most promising area for finding the missing diploids. Not onlyA. magna andA. murphyi grow there, but except one, all other annual oat species as well. 相似文献
9.
Genetic diversity in Ethiopian hexaploid and tetraploid wheat germplasm assessed by microsatellite markers 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
Sentayehu Alamerew Sabina Chebotar Xiuqiang Huang Marion Röder Andreas Börner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):559-567
The genetic diversity of a subset of the Ethiopian genebank collection maintained at the IPK Gatersleben was investigated applying 22 wheat microsatellites (WMS). The material consisted of 135 accessions belonging to the species T. aestivum L. (69 accessions), T. aethiopicum Jacubz. (54 accessions) and T. durum Desf. (12 accessions), obtained from different collection missions. In total 286 alleles were detected, ranging from 4 to 26 per WMS. For the three species T. aestivum, T. aethiopicum and T. durum on average 9.9, 7.9 and 7.9 alleles per locus, respectively, were observed. The average PIC values per locus were highly comparable for the three species analysed. Considering the genomes it was shown that the largest numbers of alleles per locus occurred in the B genome (18.4 alleles per locus) compared to A (10.1 alleles per locus) and D (8.2 alleles per locus) genomes. Genetic dissimilarity values between accessions were used to produce a dendrogram. All accessions could be distinguished, clustering in two large groups. Whereas T. aestivum formed a separate cluster, no clear discrimination between the two tetraploid species T. durum and T. aethiopicum was observed. 相似文献
10.
B. Belkadi N. Assali A. Filali-Maltouf O. Benlhabib 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(2):271-282
The diversity of 51 representative populations of the 5 Aegilops species from Moroccan collection was analyzed using 22 RAPD primers. We investigated the associations among these 5 Aegilops species (A. geniculata Roth (UUMM), A. triuncialis L. (UUCC), A. ventricosa Tausch (DDNN), A. peregrina (Hackel) Maire et Weiller (UUMM) and A. neglecta Req. ex Bert. subsp. recta (Zhuk.) K. Hammer (UUMMNN)); some diploid species considered as their ancestors; accessions of some neighboring countries and also accessions of Triticums. A total of 650 polymorphic RAPD fragments were amplified. A dendrogram was constructed using the un-weighed pair group method
arithmetic average (UPGMA) and Jaccard`s similarity coefficient. The UPGMA clustering showed a regrouping to the level species
with high level of the structuration of the diversity at A. geniculata. We confirm as reported by other authors, the proximity of N genome to U genome and C genome to M genome and also the difference
between the genomes M and N. Thus, the phylogeny between the species and the different genomes were retracted. 相似文献
11.
Taihachi Kawahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):89-94
Morphological variation and genetic variation at 15 enzyme lociwere studied in genebank accessions of Aegilopsumbellulata Zhuk., the diploid genome donor to all thepolyploid species of the section Aegilops ofAegilops. Accessions from the Greek Islands hadshorter spikes with smaller number of spikelets and smaller number ofawns on the empty glume. The number of alleles per locus (A= 2.01) and the proportion of polymorphic loci (P= 0.627) were similar to those of the other species ofAegilops so far reported. Genetic distancescalculated from isozyme variations among five regions revealed thataccessions from the Greek Islands are more distantly related to theother four continental regions, Iran and Iraq, Southeast Turkey,Central Turkey and South and West Turkey. The present resultsindicated the importance of collection covering the whole range ofgeographical distribution to capture the genetic variation present inAe. umbellulata. 相似文献
12.
Hironori Katayama Shiho Adachi Toshiya Yamamoto Chiyomi Uematsu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1573-1585
Iwateyamanashi (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) is one of the Pyrus species which grows wild in Japan. The number of Iwateyamanashi trees has been decreasing, so conservation and evaluation
is urgently needed. Over 500 accessions of Pyrus species collected from Iwate in northern Tohoku region are maintained at Kobe University as an Iwateyamanashi germplasm collection.
In order to investigate the genetic diversity, five SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, developed from Japanese and European
pear were examined for 86 Pyrus individuals including 58 accessions from Iwate. These SSR loci could discriminate between all the Iwate accessions except
for 10 that bear seedless fruit, as well as determine the genetic diversity in Iwateyamanashi germplasms. High levels of variation
were detected in 41 alleles and the mean observed heterozygosity across 5 loci was 0.50 for the Iwate accessions. Seedless
accessions sharing identical SSR genotype with the local pear variety “Iwatetanenashi” were supposed to have been propagated
vegetatively via grafting. In an UPGMA phenogram, Japanese pear varieties (P. pyrifolia) were clustered into two groups with some Iwate accessions including seedless ones. Another 38 Iwate accessions were not
clustered clearly, and there was no clear relationship between these accessions and geographical distribution or morphological
characters. Allele frequency revealed that the Iwate accessions were genetically more divergent than the Japanese pear varieties.
Most Japanese pears possessed a 219 bp deletion at a spacer region between the accD and psaI genes in the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), but other Pyrus species and two Iwateyamanashi trees did not. In the Iwate accessions, 79.3% had a deletion type cpDNA and others had a standard
type cpDNA without deletion. These results are indicative of the wide range of genetic diversity in the Iwate accessions which
include Japanese pear varieties. A combination of SSR and cpDNA analyses revealed high heterogeneity in Iwateyamanashi and
coexistence of Iwateyamanashi and hybrid progeny with P. pyrifolia. These could be reasons for the wide range of continuous morphological variation described previously. 相似文献
13.
Resistance to wheat leaf rust in Aegilops tauschii Coss. and inheritance of resistance in hexaploid wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A collection of 164 Aegilops tauschii accessions, obtained from Gatersleben, Germany, was screened for reaction to leaf rust under controlled greenhouse conditions. We have also evaluated a selection of synthetic hexaploid wheats, produced by hybridizing Ae. tauschii with tetraploid durum wheats, as well as the first and second generation of hybrids between some of these resistant synthetic hexaploid wheats and susceptible Triticum aestivum cultivars. Eighteen (11%) accessions of Ae. tauschii were resistant to leaf rust among which 1 was immune, 13 were highly resistant and 4 were moderately resistant. Six of the synthetic hexaploid wheats expressed a high level of leaf rust resistance while four exhibited either a reduced or complete susceptibility compared to their corresponding diploid parent. This suppression of resistance at the hexaploid level suggests the presence of suppressor genes in the A and/or B genomes of the T. turgidum parent. Inheritance of leaf rust resistance from the intercrosses with susceptible bread wheats revealed that resistance was dominant over susceptibility. Leaf rust resistance from the three synthetics (syn 101, syn 701 and syn 901) was effectively transmitted as a single dominant gene and one synthetic (syn 301) possessed two different dominant genes for resistance. 相似文献
14.
Hirut Kebede Gloria Burow Raviprakash G. Dani Randy D. Allen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):885-895
Since Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is known to have relatively low levels of genetic diversity, a better understanding of variation and relationships among
possible sources of novel genes would be valuable. Therefore, analysis of genetic variation of the genus Gossypium, especially the diploids, which are the putative donors of the A and D genomes for the commercially important allotetraploid
cottons (AADD), G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, could provide important information about the feasibility of using these genetic resources for cotton improvement. The primary
objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity in A-genome diploid cotton species, G. herbaceum (A1) and G.␣arboreum (A2) by using microsatellite markers. Forty-one A-genome germplasm accessions were evaluated with 32 microsatellite loci.
Genetic similarities between A1 and A2 ranged from 0.62 to 0.86 with a mean of 0.70. Within each A-genome species similarities
ranged from 0.80 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.89 for A1 and from 0.82 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.89 for A2. A UPGMA tree and principal
coordinate analysis based on genetic similarity matrices showed distinct clusters consistent with the genomic groups. 相似文献
15.
Milene Silvestrini Michele G. Junqueira Andréa C. Favarin Oliveiro Guerreiro-Filho Mirian P. Maluf Maria B. Silvarolla Carlos A. Colombo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1367-1379
Genetic diversity among 115 coffee accessions from the Coffea Germplasm Collection of IAC was assessed using SSR markers. The germplasm represents 73 accessions of Coffea arabica derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants in Ethiopia and Eritrea, species center of origin and diversity, 13 commercial
cultivars of C. arabica developed by the Breeding Program of IAC, 1 accession of C. arabica cv. ‘Geisha’, 13 accessions of C. arabica from Yemen, 5 accessions of C. eugenioides, 4 accessions of C. racemosa and 6 accessions of C. canephora. Genetic analysis was performed using average number of alleles per locus (A), proportion of polymorphic loci (P), Shannon’s genetic index (H′ and G′ST) and clustering analysis. All evaluated species were distinguished by a cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient.
Differentiation between the cultivated plants of C. arabica and accessions derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants was observed. Spontaneous and subspontaneous accessions
from Ethiopia were separated according to the geographical origin: east and west of the Great Rift Valley. Cultivated plants
showed a low genetic diversity with a division in two groups: accessions from Yemen (H′=0,028) and Brazilian commercial cultivars (H′=0,030). The results agreed with previously reported narrow genetic basis of cultivated plants of C. arabica and supported the hypotheses about domestication of the species. This study also showed a significant genetic diversity among
accessions from Ethiopia and Eritrea present in the Germplasm Collection of IAC. This diversity is specially observed in accessions
from Sidamo (H′=0,143), Kaffa (H′=0,142) and Illubabor (H′=0,147) indicating their importance as source of genetic variability for coffee breeding programs. 相似文献
16.
17.
Hojjatollah Saeidi Badradin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei Mehdi Rahimmalek Majid Talebi-Badaf Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1231-1238
The diploid goatgrass Aegilops
tauschii is considered the D-genome donor of bread wheat and has probably a centre of diversity in north of Iran. In order to measure
the genetic diversity of and the relationships among different populations, varieties and subspecies belonging to Ae. tauschii in Iran, DNA was extracted from 48 accessions of Ae. tauschii collected across the geographic range of the species in the Country and the genetic diversity was assessed using AFLPs based
on eight PstI/MseI +3 primer pairs resulted in 277 bands, 198 of which were polymorphic. High level polymorphism was detected, with an average
of polymorphism rate of 0.715; relatively low genetic similarity (0.455) between accessions and significant difference between
the lowest (0.179) and the highest genetic similarity (0.817). The Iranian Ae. tauschii populations showed high level of genetic diversity. The populations studied were divided into two groups: one group was mainly
representing Northern populations collected from Southern Caspian Sea shore and the other group was mainly representing Northeast
and Northwest populations. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that Ae. tauschii possesses two separate gene-pools in Iran: Northern and Northeastern–Northwestern. Considering the needs for introducing
new characteristics and alleles for wheat improvement purposes, Ae. tauschii Iranian gene-pool is assumed to be of high importance for more investigation in the future. 相似文献
18.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to assess the genetic relatedness between Dioscorea alata and nine other edible Dioscorea. These species include D. abyssinica Hoch., D. bulbifera L., D. cayenensis-rotundata Lamk. et Poir., D. esculenta Burk., D. nummularia Lam., D. pentaphylla L., D. persimilis Prain. et Burk., D. transversa Br. and D. trifida L. Four successive studies were conducted with emphasis on the genetic relationship within D. alata and among species of the Enantiophyllum section from Vanuatu. Study 1 was carried out to select a set of polymorphic primer
pairs using 11 combinations and eight species belonging to five distinct sections. The four most polymorphic primer pairs
were used in study 2 among six species of the Enantiophyllum section. Study 3 focussed mainly on the genetic relationship
among 83 accessions of D. alata, mostly from Vanuatu (78 acc.) but also from Benin, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia and Vietnam. The ploidy level of 53 accessions
was determined and results indicated the presence of tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid cultivars. Study 4, included 35 accessions
of D. alata, D. nummularia and D. transversa and was conducted using two primer pairs to verify the taxonomical identity of the cultivars `langlang', `maro' and `netsar'
from Vanuatu. The overall results indicated that each accession can be fingerprinted uniquely with AFLP. D. alata is an heterogeneous species which shares a common genetic background with D. nummularia and `langlang', `maro' and `netsar'. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed the existence of three major groups of genotypes within
D. alata, each assembling accessions from distant geographical origins and different ploidy levels. The analysis also revealed that
`langlang', `maro' and `netsar' clustered together with the cultivar `wael' (D. transversa) from New Caledonia. Results are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
19.
Paula Macedo Nóbile Marcos Apareado Gimenes José Francisco Montenegro Valls Catalina Romero Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):299-307
The genus Arachis is endemic to South America and comprises 80 species, 69 of which have already been described and eleven not yet published. The genus includes the cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea) and several forage species, the most important ones being A. glabrata and A. pintoi. Accessions of section Rhizomatosae, including three tetraploid species 2n = 4x = 40 (A. glabrata, A. pseudovillosa and A. nitida nom. nud.) and one diploid species 2n = 2x = 20 (A. burkartii), were evaluated using RAPD markers to assay genetic variability within and among species. The ten random primers used yielded a total of 113 polymorphic bands. The data were scored as the presence or absence of each band in each sample. A distance matrix and dendrogram were obtained using Link's coefficient and the neighbor-joining method. Most accessions analyzed grouped into two major clusters: the first comprised most accessions of A. glabrata and accessions of A. nitida, and the second cluster comprised accessions of A. burkartii. Arachis pseudovillosa and a few accessions of A. glabrata and A. nitida were placed between these major clusters. The diploid and tetraploid species were grouped quite separately, suggesting that the tetraploids did not originate from the diploid species analyzed. 相似文献
20.
N. P. Goncharov S. V. Bannikova T. Kawahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1507-1516
The effective utilisation of available genetic resources of related species is essential for successful crops breeding and
maintaining genetic variability within crops. Bread wheat, the basic cultivated wheat species, is an amphiploid (2n = 6x = 42) and, therefore, the production of new synthetic amphiploids using genomes of related species should reduce the difficulties
caused by direct crossings, for example, between hexaploid wheat and diploid relatives. Hence, exploiting synthetic amphiploids
is an effective and rapid way of introgressing desirable traits from related species into cultivated wheats. Some of the artificial
amphiploids that already exist were produced 80 years ago. Yet little work has been done to highlight potential contamination
and/or genetic changes during their conservation by genebanks. Thus, we utilised the electrophoresis of wheat endosperm storage
proteins (gliadins) to check such amphiploid authenticity, and also where differences had been previously observed between
synthetic wheat amphiploids. In addition, we checked putative amphiploid accessions where Triticum timopheevii (GGAtAt) was recorded as one of the parents. A synthetic species, T. timococcum produced by Kostov, together with a natural T. zhukovskyi found in Georgia (the former Soviet Union) were revealed to be identical according to our assays. The existence of several
T. kiharae accessions independently produced by different authors was confirmed, and they exhibited polymorphism for a number of traits,
including spike characters (awning, hairy glumes) and growth habit (spring vs. winter). The effective conservation of artificial
amphiploids in genebanks is discussed. 相似文献