浅谈青山自然保护区的植物资源

文章对青山自然保护区的植物区系组成、植物生活型组成、植物水分生态类型、植物区系地理成分、植被类型以及各资源植物种类进行了介绍。     

桑干河自然保护区种子植物区系调查分析

为了更好地开发、利用和保护桑干河植物资源,通过样方法对桑干河种子植物的区系组成和地理分布特征等进行了调查与分析.结果表明,桑干河自然保护区共有种子植物63科251属457种,种数占山西省植物同类群总种数的17.74％.从植物区系发生角度分析,桑干河保护区植物区系地理成分较复杂,起源多为热带成分和温带成分.植物区系中以各...     

南京紫金山国家森林公园种子植物资源调查及区系分析

在野外调查及查阅相关资料的基础上,对紫金山国家森林公园的种子植物资源进行区系分析,结果表明:该区系植物组成相对丰富,共有本地野生种子植物113科386属701种;地理成分多样,植物区系具有明显的从亚热带向暖温带的过渡性;与邻近地区的植物区系对比表明,紫金山植物区系与安徽板桥、浙江龙王山植物区系亲缘关系更为亲近,而与泰山植物区系亲缘关系较为疏远。     

阳曲县植物资源及其开发利用

笔者对阳曲县的植物资源进行了详细调查,介绍了阳曲县植物区系特点,并从主要防护树种资源、食用树种资源、药用植物资源、观赏植物资源、牧草与饲料植物资源、颜料植物资源、主要纤维编织资源、主要蜜源植物资源等8个方面分析了阳曲县植物资源现状及其开发利用情况,旨在为阳曲县植物资源的开发利用提供参考。     

辽宁彰武县北部沙区植物资源调查初报

辽宁彰武县北部沙区6个镇,植物资源丰富,植物区系属于蒙古、华北、东北3个植物区系交错地带。通过植物资源调查,了解掌握植物物种组成、区系特征、植被类型、分布规律,对有效保护植物资源具有一定的参考价值。     

山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区种子植物区系分析

笔者介绍了山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区的概况,从植物区系的组成、种子植物的分布2方面对植物区系进行了分析。结果表明,庞泉沟自然保护区共有种子植物80科372属908种,其中,科、属、种的温带性质明显。通过分析种子植物区系,可以查明植物区系的历史成分和生态成分,进而揭示植物区系组成与植被类型、物种动态变化和群落演替的相互关系。     

浙江省建德市公益林区植物区系组成与特征

对建德市公益林区域植物资源进行了调查,统计分析了区系组成和特征,结果表明:建德市公益林区植物区系成分丰富,共有植物2 101种,199科,928属。原生维管束植物183科,1 614种。植物区系组成的地理成分具有多样性和复杂性,热带性质的属有274属,占46.05%;温带性质的属有321属,占53.95%。建德的植物区系以温带性植物占优势。     

陕西周至黑河湿地自然保护区种子植物区系分析

在野外调查及查阅相关资料的基础上,对黑河湿地自然保护区的种子植物资源进行了区系分析,结果显示:黑河湿地保护区有种子植物860种,隶属于125科、482属;属的地理成分各种温带分布的高达57.6%以上,体现了植物区系的温带属性;植物区系具有物种多样性丰富度较高、区系成分复杂多样、具显著的温带性质、强烈的过渡性和中国特有属、种丰富等特点。     

南涧大龙潭州级自然保护区植物资源与区系研究

为了掌握南涧大龙潭州级自然保护区植物资源与区系特征,基于2019年1月南涧县大龙潭州级自然保护区综合考察结果和2016年南涧县二类调查数据,采用查阅文献、鉴定标本等方法对研究区的植物资源与区系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)研究区共记录维管束植物98科239属414种,其中蕨类植物14科20属35种,种子植物84科219属379种。在种子植物中,裸子植物2科3属4种,被子植物82科216属375种。在被子植物中双子叶植物69科171属308种,单子叶植物13科45属67种。(2)保护区在植物区系上具有典型的温带特征。(3)东亚成分及其变型和中国特有种共同构成了保护区植物区系的主体,是南涧大龙潭州级自然保护区植物区系的主要来源。(4)保护区在中国植物区系区划中的地位为Ⅲ东亚植物区—ⅢE中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区—ⅢE14横断山脉地区—ⅢE14a三江峡谷亚地区。     

北京小西山资源植物现状及其发展对策研究

以北京小西山资源植物为研究对象,对该区资源植物种类及分布状况进行调查,分析植物区系组成,将该区资源植物划分为食用类植物、药用植物、保护和改造环境植物、野生观赏植物、森林文化植物5种类型,对各类型资源植物的具体组成特征进行分析,指出资源植物利用现状问题:对资源植物的潜在价值认识不深,对特色资源植物生境的保护意识不够,利用形式单一,缺乏系统利用,人为干扰严重。提出建立资源植物数据库,实行资源植物动态监测机制,确立资源植物保护以生境保护为先的整体保护理念,与森林多功能利用相结合,统筹发展资源植物,与森林文化建设相结合,突出地方资源植物特色等资源植物保护与利用建议。     

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物调查研究

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区的植被具有较高的多样性,孕育了包括一批国家级保护种在内的观赏植物类群。本文主要介绍了保护区的植被类型,并按照乔木、灌木、草本和藤本将该地区主要的观赏植物作出初步统计,对这些植物种类与当地不同的生态环境之间的组合进行比较。本文通过对保护区观赏植物的调查研究认为,在风景区的建设中应以当地的乡土植物为主,建成具有地域特色的景观。调查挖掘乡土观赏植物,也可以为景观植物的引种开发提供丰富的素材。     

实施《物权法》对野生植物保护的影响分析

针对野生植物资源产权不明确带来的管理困难、过度利用等问题,我国于2007年颁布了《物权法》,第一次对野生植物的产权问题进行阐述,野生植物产权问题的提出,将大大有利于野生植物的保护。但是,由于缺乏配套的管理措施,《物权法》的实施过程中很可能产生一些问题,本文分析了《物权法》对野生植物管理和保护产生的影响,并提出了相关的建议。     

云龙天池国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物资源调查研究

对云龙天池国家级自然保护区168科477属1 118种维管植物进行观赏性调查分析。结果表明,保护区内共有野生观赏植物94科208属342种,其中木本植物191种,草本植物151种。野生观赏植物中优势科包括杜鹃花科、蔷薇科,龙胆科、兰科和毛茛科。观花、观叶、观果和观姿态这几类植物分别占观赏植物总数的59.36%、22.22%、10.53%和7.89%。在园林应用上包括盆景类、花灌木类、花坛花镜和花丛类,分别占观赏植物总数的20.47%、16.96%、14.62%和12.87%。珍稀野生观赏植物5科7属9种,分别占区内野生珍稀濒危植物的55.56%、63.64%和64.29%。文中对保护区在野生植物资源的保护与利用前景方面进行了探讨。     

河北省龙胆科野生植物种质资源研究

通过野外调查研究获取信息,并对信息进一步整理,发现河北省龙胆科野生植物共有10属23种3变种,多为药用、观赏、食用、农药、化学药品及抗菌植物。据统计,药用植物15种,根或者全草可入药,多具有清热解毒的药用价值;6种植物花色鲜艳,具有较高观赏价值;此外,还有农药植物3种,食用植物1种。另外,有些龙胆科植物的花中可提取出一种染色剂应用于实验中。为使河北省龙胆科植物得到可持续利用,应制定合理的资源利用计划及保护措施,开展繁殖和栽培技术研究,并建立种质资源库和中药材生产基地等,以促进保护和利用的平衡发展。     

Dispersal of vascular plants by game in northern Germany. Part I: Roe deer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capreolus capreolus</Emphasis>) and wild boar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sus scrofa</Emphasis>)

The endozoochorous and epizoochorous dispersal of vascular plant species by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) was investigated in forest areas of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony, Germany. The primary aim of this study was to learn about which plant species and in what numbers diaspores are dispersed by the two wild ungulate species. In particular, the significance of zoochory for species composition and biodiversity of forests was evaluated. Fresh faecal pellets were collected from April–November 2001 in the forests of the two study areas. In addition, the coats and hooves of shot roe deer and wild boar were brushed out. The number of viable seeds was determined by greenhouse germination (seedling emergence method). The samples were spread in trays over sterilized soil from the study forests and were kept under controlled conditions in the greenhouse for 12 months. A total of 2,473 individuals from 77 vascular plant species were recorded. While roe deer exceeded wild boar concerning seed contents in the faeces, the significance of roe deer for epizoochorous dispersal was relatively low compared with wild boar. An analysis of the habitat preference of the vascular plant species dispersed by the two ungulate species revealed a high proportion of species growing in forests as well as in the open landscape, and also of non-forest species, while woody plants and herbaceous species closely tied to forest habitats were severely underrepresented. We also discuss consequences for forest ecology and nature conservation.     

Biodiversity,exotic plant species,and herbivory: The good,the bad,and the ungulate

Invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic plant species is a major threat to biodiversity. Disturbance to native plant communities, whether natural or management induced, is a primary factor contributing to successful invasion by exotic plant species. Herbivory by both wild and domestic ungulates exerts considerable impact on structure and composition of native plant communities. Intensive herbivory by ungulates can enhance exotic plant invasion, establishment, and spread for three reasons: (1) many exotic plants are adapted to ground disturbances such as those caused by ungulate feeding, trampling, and movements; (2) many exotic plants are adapted for easy transport from one area to another by ungulates via endozoochory and epizoochory; (3) many exotic plants are not palatable or are of low palatability to ungulates, and consequently, their survival is favored as ungulates reduce or eliminate palatable, native plants. Ungulate herbivory is a chronic, landscape-scale disturbance capable of influencing plant communities as much as episodic events such as fire. Consequently, ungulate herbivory has the potential to facilitate the invasion and establishment of exotic plants in the interior Pacific Northwest where ungulates occupy nearly every ecosystem. Moreover, ungulate herbivory has intensified in many ecosystems, owing to the addition of domestic ungulates with that of existing, wild ungulates, coupled with the reduction or elimination of migratory movements and predators that previously regulated wild ungulate populations and influenced their distributions. Despite the observational evidence for ungulate herbivory as a strong facilitator of exotic plant invasion and establishment, current knowledge of cause–effect relations is severely limited by a lack of manipulative experiments. Most studies have been observational, unreplicated, and lack the experimental controls needed to eliminate or account for confounding sources of variation. Heightened attention to conservation of biodiversity will increase the importance of managing ungulates in balance with the plant communities that support them.     

辽宁努鲁儿虎山自然保护区维管植物资源调查初报

通过对辽宁努鲁儿虎山国家级自然保护区维管植物资源进行的全面调查,结果表明：努鲁儿虎山自然保护区共有维管植物97科412属1 006种（变种、亚种和变型）,国家重点野生保护植物4种,中国珍稀濒危保护植物7种,辽宁濒危保护植物13种。     

麻阳西晃山野生观赏植物资源与利用

湖南省麻阳县西晃山有着丰富的野生观赏植物资源。在初步调查的基础上,对西晃山野生观赏植物的观赏类型、科属组成及多样性等进行了初步分析,发现西晃山有422种野生植物具有观赏价值,其中有不少的珍稀种类及观赏价值极高的植物种类。同时对野生观赏植物资源的开发利用提出了建议。     

The importance of wild plant species as potential inoculum reservoirs of white root rot disease

Rosellinia necatrix is a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. The fungus is distributed widely in temperate zones and often causes huge economic losses on numerous crop plants. To determine the potential for wild plants to serve as inoculum reservoirs of white root rot disease, eight woody and two herbaceous plant species belonging to nine families were inoculated with two R. necatrix isolates. The species used were Actinidia polygama, Broussonetia kazinoki, Camellia sinensis, Castanea crenata, Hydrangea serrata, Magnolia obovata, Pteridium aquilinum, Petasites japonicus, Quercus serrata and Rosa multiflora, all common flora in the cool temperate forests of Japan. The mortality of plants varied between species, independent of the effect of fungal isolates. Although some of the plants survived fungal infection, all plant species tested were more or less susceptible, having rotting lesions on the inner bark and cortex. For the woody plants, most of the mycelial strands in the diseased tissues became plumose mycelia, growing compressed between the outer and inner barks. However, mycelia found in diseased tissues of the two herbaceous plants were not in the form of plumose mycelia. All plant species harboured mycelial strands on the surface of their root systems and underground main stem, and the amount of the mycelial strands did not correlate with the mortality of the plants. Even if plants exhibited no external symptoms, some of them harboured abundant mycelial strands. In conclusion, wild plants can serve as alternative host plants for R. necatrix and function as persistent inoculum reservoirs, irrespective of their apparent health status. Thus, assessments of such latent host plants must be considered in the course of managing white root rot.     

广东蕉岭长潭自然保护区森林植物资源调查

广东蕉岭长潭自然保护区植被群落的Simpson物种多样性指数高,群落上层以壳斗科、樟科、山茶科等为主,有丰富的森林资源,计有维管束植物183科576属1092种,其中野生维管束植物175科533属1005种。在这些植物中,有药用植物539种、用材树种135种、观赏植物104种、纤维植物83种、野生水果82种、油脂植物73种、饲料植物45种、鞣料植物39种、野菜植物30种、农药植物30种。