高寒地区欧洲赤松引种苗期试验及早期评价

欧洲赤松具有广泛分布和较大生态幅,适应多种类型土壤.引种栽培结果表明:在我国高寒地区,欧洲赤松生长节律与樟子松基本一致,群体间子代苗高、针叶长度和针叶数量3个性状相关程度紧密,生长较快,子代的针叶较长、数量较多.群体间子代地径性状差异显著,苗高性状差异极显著;群体内地径性状变异较小、苗高性状变异较大,平均变异系数分别为29.94%、42.59%.综合考虑群体间苗期生长状况、生长适应性及定植子代地径和苗高2个性状的遗传和变异,筛选出CT、FL2优良群体2个.     

兴凯赤松半同胞子代表型变异分析及遗传效应评价

兴凯赤松(Pinus ussuriensis Cheng et Y.W.Law.)为原生裸地更新的先锋树种,经济价值和生态服务功能较高。为了探索兴凯赤松半同胞家系子代的表型变异和数量性状的遗传效应,以半同胞家系子代迁地保存林为对象,通过连续4年的测定,对比分析了树高、连续4年的树高生长量和4年平均生长量的变异程度,并根据方差分析结果,估算半同胞家系子代的遗传力、遗传增益和遗传变异系数等遗传参数,综合评价了3个数量性状的遗传效应。结果表明:兴凯赤松半同胞家系子代的生长节律与樟子松基本趋于一致,且群体间树高性状存在一定的变异,3个性状的平均变异系数分别为12.41%(JD)、16.97%(JX)和17.37%(ML),并在群体间表现出差异极显著水平,且这些变异主要源自基因型间的差异,家系遗传力(0.7583、0.8552、0.7522)较强,遗传增益(9.97%、11.77%、17.63%)较大,为优良个体选择奠定了可靠的基础。     

兴凯赤松3个中国种源及家系苗期试验

在天然分布区以外进行引种试验,连续3 a的试验结果表明:兴凯赤松种源间以及种源内家系间苗木高生长差异达显著水平,且苗高生长节律与樟子松相近。各种源兴凯赤松播种后出苗均较快,9月末苗高基本停止生长,越冬前能及时封顶,可以安全越冬。苗圃育苗1 a和2 a生苗木高生长差别较小,但Msn(密山)种源3 a生苗高生长较快。在干旱的立地条件下进行人工林培育,Jdg(鸡东)种源表现出较大的生长潜力,其中部分家系高生长甚至超过CK(樟子松青山种源),地径生长量与CK基本相近。表明其生长潜力和抗旱、耐瘠薄能力远远高于Msn种源,是值得重视的种源。     

欧洲白桦早期生长性状变异分析

欧洲白桦(2 a生)13个家系间的苗高性状变异较小,变异范围在22.78%～37.14%之间;家系间地径生长变异较大,而家系内地径生长变异较小,变异范围为20.15%～50.32%.方差分析结果表明:家系问2 a生苗高与地径生长均达差异显著水平.通过2 a连续测定,综合考虑苗高及地径2个性状,初步认为6号、9号、1号、10号及13号等5个家系生长表现良好,且家系内苗木高生长及地径生长变异较小,生长稳定.     

牡丹江地区欧洲白桦生长性状变异分析

在牡丹江林区欧洲白桦各家系均能安全越冬,苗木长势良好,且区组间欧洲白桦家系苗木的高生长变异较小,苗高性状差异不显著,苗木地径生长差异显著。2007年和2008年苗高变异幅度为16.20%-28.18%、17.86%-23.70%,平均变异系数分别为23.20%和20.57%;区组间欧洲白桦家系苗木的地径生长变异较小,2007年和2008年苗高变异幅度分别在16.94%-21.89%、22.63%-33.74%范围内,平均变异系数分别为21.28%和32.04%。     

簸箕柳F_1杂交群体木材材性与生长性状相关性分析

为分析簸箕柳木材材性与生长性状的相关性,我们以簸箕柳F1杂交群体为材料,对107个子代的地径、苗高、生物量大小进行了野外调查,测定了其木材基本密度,木材纤维素、半纤维素及木质素含量,统计结果表明:木材纤维素平均含量为53.32%,变异范围为47.91%~56.69%;木质素平均含量为14.25%,变异范围为12.28%~16.43%;半纤维素平均含量为19.71%,变异范围为16.52%~23.10%;木材基本密度为0.391 5 g·cm~(-3),变异范围为0.241 6 g·cm~(-3)~0.504 4 g·cm~(-3)。此外,杂交群体的平均地径为11.43 mm,变异范围为7.64 mm~15.88 mm;平均苗高227.05 cm,变异范围为136 cm~292 cm;平均生物量155.56 g,变异范围为39.16 g~310.34 g。线性相关分析结果表明,簸箕柳杂交F_1代个体生长性状间存在极显著正相关性,但木材材性与生长性状间无明显相关性,在良种选育时可进行单独选择;簸箕柳木材基本密度与纤维素含量呈极显著正相关,可选育密度与纤维素含量都很高的优质植株。     

兴凯湖松家系间苗木生长变异规律分析及选择

13个兴凯湖松家系间的苗高性状存在丰富的变异,变异范围在25.85%～35.27%之间;地径性状变异较小,平均变异系数为26.64%.方差分析与多重比较结果表明,家系间的苗高与地径生长差异均达到显著水平,地径性状表现最好和最差的家系分别为JDG08和JXI21,生长最快的家系较生长最慢的家系提高26.82%;苗高性状表现最好与最差的家系分别为JDG16和JXI21,生长最快的家系较最慢的家系提高35.50%.综合2个性状,表现较好的家系为JDG19、JDG12、JXI13及JDG16.     

北温带欧洲赤松苗期生长性状分析

欧洲赤松生长较快、适应性强,苗期生长节律基本与樟子松一致,且越冬前能及时封顶。种源间及种源内裸根苗苗高生长差异显著,种源间平均变异系数为23.61%。5个种源樟子松容器苗高生长均值较8个种源欧洲赤松苗高生长快11.8%,其中:樟1#、樟2#、FL2及S105种源苗木高生长较快,FL1、S104、S103和S101种源苗木高生长较慢,生长最快种源樟子松较生长最慢的欧洲赤松种源苗木高生长量提高44.0%。     

青钱柳20个半同胞家系子代苗期遗传测定评价

为研究青钱柳家系的生长差异,对20个青钱柳半同胞家系的苗期生长性状进行了测定与分析。结果表明:青钱柳家系的苗期生长性状有较大差异,苗高、地径生长量变异幅度较大,存在着丰富的遗传变异,有利于家系选择;青钱柳家系的苗高、地径的遗传力分别达到0.87和0.82,属于高强度遗传,生长性状主要受本身遗传特性控制;综合考虑苗高和地径,初步选择出4个优良家系,具有良好的速生性和较好的适应性。     

紫薇家系播种品质及苗期生长性状变异

对9个紫薇家系种子的主要播种品质、一年生播种苗的苗期生长性状变异和年生长规律,及其自然越冬存活率进行了研究.结果表明:紫薇家系间的种子播种品质检验指标存在丰富的变异,其中生活力的变异最大.紫薇种子的发芽率与发芽势呈极显著正相关,与生活力显著相关.不同家系内个体间的苗高和地径变异幅度差异较大,家系间的苗高、地径生长量均存在极显著差异.采用Logistic方程能良好地拟合紫薇一年生苗高和地径生长过程.紫薇家系间苗木越冬存活率差异极显著,与生长性状无显著相关.     

大青杨优良无性系7号在退耕还林地上造林试验

通过对大青杨优良无性系7号杨在退耕还林地上造林试验,结果表明:7号杨根苗树高、地径、胸径分别超对照中黑防67.2%、53.4%和81.3%;7号杨扦插苗树高、地径、胸径超过对照A5杨104.4%、104.5%和119.3%;无性系7号杨根苗造林效果好于扦插苗;根苗造林可提高成活率25～30个百分点.     

Variation Analysis of Seed and Seedling Traits of Cross Combination Progenies in Populus

Twenty-five species and hybrids in Populus were used as parents, and 26 cross combinations, including more than 5 000 seedlings, were obtained by artificial cross breeding. The length of infructescence, number of seeds per infructescence, thou-sand-seed weight, germination rate of seeds among these cross combinations were tested. The results indicated that the cross combi-national effects were significant for these traits, and demonstrated that the length of infructescence, thousand-seed weight were posi-tively affected by female parent. In addition, seedling height, diameter above ground, diameter at breast height (DBH) of 17 cross combination progenies were investigated. The analysis of mean and standard deviation of these three traits showed that seedling height, diameter above ground, DBH had extensive variation among combinations and individuals within combination. Variance analysis and estimate of heritability indicated that the three traits had wide variation and were controlled by heredity. It was feasible to select superior cross combinations and seedlings. Further more, the result of multiple comparison showed that P. deltoides ‘Lux’ × P. deltoides ‘D324’, P ussuriensis cl. ‘U4’ × P. deltoides ‘T66’, P. ussuriensis cl. ‘U4’ × P deltoides ‘T26’, P. deltoides ‘Lux’ × P.. . ussuriensis cl. ‘U3’, (P. m tos × P. bolleana) × (P alba × P. glandulosa), (P. alba × P. tomentosa) × (P. al × P. glandulosa ), and to en a . ba (P. alba × P. glandulosa ‘No. 2’) × P. tomentosa ‘Lumao 50’ were superior cross combinations with higher growth rate. Finally, 123 elite seedlings were selected for further test.     

南方红豆杉苗木性状种源分化和育苗环境对苗木生长的影响

利用来自10个省区27个产地的南方红豆杉种子在福建明溪和浙江淳安2个地点开展种源苗期遗传测定,系统研究苗木生长、苗高生长参数、根系特征和干物质积累等性状的种源差异及育苗环境对种源苗木生长的影响.研究结果显示:南方红豆杉苗高、地径和侧枝数存在显著的种源差异.基于苗高生长参数分析表明:种源苗高的增加主要是由于线性生长量、最高生长速率和线性生长速率的提高,而不是由于线性生长期的延长.相对于其它树种,南方红豆杉线性生长速率虽较小,但线性生长期较长.试验虽然未发现根系形态、干物质积累量的种源差异达到统计学上的显著水平,但这些性状的种源绝对值却相差较大,达20%以上.育苗环境对南方红豆杉种源生长影响较大,良好的水热资源和庇荫条件将显著促进苗木的高、径生长.苗木生长性状存在显著的种源与地点互作,但种源与遮阳处理的互作却很小.不同育苗地点南方红豆杉苗高和地径呈现出的地理变异模式是不同的:在福建明溪点,种源苗木高、径生长与产地的地理气候因子相关性较小,苗期速生种源不仅有来自自然分布区偏东部和偏北部的种源,而且还有来自偏南部和偏西部的种源;在浙江淳安点,来自偏东部和偏北部的种源苗高生长量较大,而来自偏南部和偏西部的种源生长则较慢,类似于作者对南方红豆杉有限分布区种源试验的已有研究结果.     

昭通市核桃优树无性系1年生嫁接苗生长及变异研究

为揭示不同区域核桃优树无性系1年生嫁接苗生长及变异规律,为区域核桃种资源筛选及开发提供参考依据,以云南省昭通市21个核桃优树无性系为试验材料,对其1年生嫁接苗苗高、地径进行遗传变异分析、方差分析、Pearson相关性检验、聚类分析及苗木分级评价,并对无性系母树环境因子进行主成分分析。结果表明,各核桃优树无性系1年生嫁接苗平均苗高范围为6~162 cm,变幅为29.95~80.20 cm,平均值为53.06 cm,变异系数总体为49.09%,变幅为34.61%~68.76%;平均地径0.6~3.0 cm,变幅为1.053~1.662 cm,平均值为1.298 cm,变异系数总体为29.13%,变幅为19.24%~35.44%。各核桃优树无性系间苗高和地径差异均达到极显著水平,苗高和地径的均值均呈极显著正相关。核桃优树无性系受地理位置影响最明显,其次是年降水量、年温度。地径对区域核桃良种资源的选择贡献较小,苗高可作为区域核桃良种资源早期初步筛选的主要参数。     

樟子松种源家系苗木高生长变异规律研究

对林口县青山林场樟子松2年生苗木的高生长变异进行分析的结果表明，种源问种源内都存在丰富的变异，变异系数在21．1％～22．9％之间，平均值为22．3％。3个种源间苗高生长量差异达显著水平。古莲种源高生长较快，十八站种源高生长最差。各种源家系闻家系内存在丰富的变异，变异系数在12．8％～30．1％之间，平均值为19．38％；不同种源生长较快的前3个家系平均值为27．9cm，生长较慢的后3个家系平均值为19．8cm，前者高生长比后者快41％。     

阿穆尔种源山丁子果实及幼苗生长差异性分析

以黑河种源山丁子为对照,对阿穆尔种源山丁子7个单株果实及幼苗生长情况进行对比分析的结果表明:8个单株果实均为扁球形,桔色或红色,果粒整齐或较整齐,果味酸、涩。8个单株果实种子变异较为丰富,阿穆尔种源7个单株均与对照存在显著差异,最大单果重、最大种子千粒重分别超过对照283.33%、151.11%;阿穆尔种源7个单株间平均单果重、种子千粒重差异显著,最大平均单果重超过最小平均单果重95.65%,最大种子千粒重超过最小种子千粒重75.12%。8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径存在较大的变异,阿穆尔种源苗高变异系数为34.95%～57.07%,地径变异系数为17.39%～33.18%,对照苗高变异系数44.73%、地径变异系数33.49%;8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径差异极显著,苗高生长最快的超过生长最慢的235.8%,地径生长最快的超过生长最慢的111.11%。     

Genetic variation among and within provenances of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) in seed germination and seedling growth from selected natural populations in Malawi

Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) trees have a wide variety of subsistence and economic values across sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the genetic variation within and between the species is essential for management and designing domestication, improvement and conservation strategies. Fifty-nine half-sib families were evaluated in the nursery to determine the genetic variation and control within and between the populations from four silvicultural zones. Seed germination and seven seedling growth parameters were assessed. Total phenotypic variance, family variance, within family variance, individual narrow sense heritability, and additive genetic coefficient of variation (AGCV) were derived from observed and expected mean squares. There were highly significant differences in seed germination, plant height, root collar diameter, number of leaves, shoot height and diameter, tuber diameter and weight. Provenance variation in germination ranged from 46.7?±?3.3 to 68.7?±?3.3% while tree-to-tree variation ranged from 6.3?±?8.6 to 95.5?±?8.6%. Coefficient of variation in seedling growth variables ranged from 18.6 to 43.6%. Individual narrow sense heritabilities (h²) ranged from 0.07 to 0.71. AGCV ranged from 3.21 to 14.67%. Morphological traits showed that mainland populations were genetically distant from the island one. High and moderate additive genetic control of traits and AGCV show the potential that Baobab can also respond well to tree improvement. High phenotypic variation found in the study offers an opportunity to effect selection of superior attributes at both provenance and individual tree-to-tree level.     

樟子松切根育苗试验

对樟子松进行切根育苗试验,结果表明,机械切根苗苗木质量优于移植苗和留床苗。切根２０ｃｍ的苗高、地径分别比移植苗高９４ｃｍ和粗０２ｃｍ,大于１ｍｍ的侧根数量,平均比移植苗多１１８条,比留床苗多１０条。机械切根可使２年生樟子松产苗量,比人工移植提高２４２９％～３７１４％,每公顷增加收入１５２８５～３０１１１元。     

Provenance Variation in Seed Morphometric Traits, Germination, and Seedling Growth of Cordia africana Lam

Patterns of genetic variation in Cordia africana, a tropical timber species, were evaluated at the population level. Bulk seed samples were collected from six natural populations in Ethiopia and examined for variations in seed morphometric traits, seed germination, and seedling growth at nursery stage. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among provenances in all studied attributes except root collar diameter after 4 months of growth. The provenance effect, as determined by broad sense heritability, was 71–98% for seed morphometric traits, 80% for germination capacity, 42% for germination energy, 57–58% for seedling height and 3–13% for root collar diameter. Seed weight showed a significant positive correlation with altitude and negative correlation with mean annual temperature of seed origin. Germination energy was significantly correlated with longitude and mean annual rainfall. Seedling parameters and geo-climatic variables of seed origin were fairly correlated. A significant intercharacter correlation was found between seed length and seed weight, between root collar diameter at the age of 4 months and seed length and weight, as well as between seedling height after 4 and 8 months of growth. It can be concluded that the observed patterns of variation will have implications for genetic resources conservation and tree improvement.     

兴凯湖松种源家系苗木高生长变异规律

对林口县青山林场兴凯湖松1年生高生长进行变异分析的结果表明，兴凯湖松种源间存在丰富的变异，变异系数范围在22．5％～24．9％之间，平均值为23．5％；3个种源间苗高生长量差异极显著，鸡东、密山种源高生长较快，鸡西种源高生长最差，鸡东种源生长量较鸡西种源快10．4％。49个家系苗高差异极显著，生长最快的密山3号家系同生长最慢的鸡西18号家系相比快62．0％。种源内家系间苗高存在丰富的变异，变异系数在13．7％～34．3％之间，平均值为20．3％；种源内家系间苗高差异极显著。