Biotechnology in europe

The countries of the European Economic Community have recently mounted considerable efforts to commercialize biotechnology. Together, these efforts approach the same number of companies and level of government spending as those in the United States. In Europe there is more government emphasis on support for industry-university collaborations and industrial projects than in the United States, where basic research is emphasized. European efforts are often not easily delineated from those in the United States; many European companies have extensive U.S. operations and many U.S. companies have involvement in Europe. Strategies and efforts in European biotechnology are examined and compared to those in the United States.     

生物技术与未来农业

以基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶工程为主体的生物技术已被看作是新技术革命的重要标志之一,它的发展有可能引导人类开发出新材料、新工艺和新产品,创造出巨大的社会效益和经济效益,对现代农业持续稳定的发展有极其重大的作用.农业进一步的发展离不开生物技术,农业是生物技术最有应用前景的一个产业,它意味着一场新的"农业革命".     

现代生物技术在农业中的应用

通过文献查阅,介绍了近10年来现代生物技术在农业方面的应用进展。     

农业生物技术研究进展概况

农业生物技术在农业中的应用十分广泛,通过生物的方法来改善生产,使得生态能够得到更好地平衡,从而促进农业能够更好地可持续发展。     

生物技术在林业上的应用

生物技术被越来越多的利用到林业生产和研究中,笔者从基因工程、营养繁殖技术、分子标记等方面叙述了现代生物技术在林业中的应用。     

Biotechnology in pharmaceuticals: the Japanese challenge

The products of biotechnology are being developed for new diagnostics and therapeutics, and it is predicted that they will have great impact on the pharmaceutical industry. In the United States, pharmaceutical companies are incorporating biotechnology into their research and development programs, often with the contractual assistance of small biotechnology firms. Their strongest competition is arising in Japan, where there are now concerted government and industry efforts to expand biotechnology capabilities and to optimize commercialization. Strategies used by the United States and Japan to incorporate biotechnology into their pharmaceutical industries are examined and compared.