鸡传染性支气管炎诊断技术和疫苗研究进展

鸡传染性支气管炎（Avian Infectious bronchitis,IB）是由传染性支气管炎病毒（Avian Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）引起的鸡的一种急性高度接触性呼吸道疾病,主要以张口呼吸、咳嗽、气管罗音、腺胃肿大、出血、“花斑肾”为主要特征。自1931年Schalk等首次报道了经典的呼吸型禽传染性支气管炎（IB）并确定为病毒性疾病以来,已有肠型、腺胃型、肾型等多种病型相继报道。     

鸡传染性支气管炎的分型及其防控

鸡传染性支气管炎（IB）是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病，可引起鸡呼吸道、肾脏、输卵管、肠道及腺胃等多组织器官病变。IBV可感染所有日龄的鸡，但主要侵害1～4周龄的鸡；若小鸡感染，易影响后期的产蛋性能，出现假母鸡或无产蛋高峰等现象；若产蛋鸡感染，     

W93株疫苗预防鸡肾型传染性支气管炎免疫效果观察

鸡传染性支气管炎（IB）是由传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起鸡的一种急性、高度接触传染病毒性传染病。临床上依据发病特点和病理特征,分为呼吸道型、肾型和腺胃型三种病型,其中肾型传支是鸡传染性支气管炎中死亡率最高的一种病型。     

商丘市鸡腺胃性传染性支气管炎发病初报

鸡传染性支气管炎 (IB)是由传染性支气管炎病毒引起的一种急性、高度接触性呼吸道传染病。各种日龄、各种品种鸡均可发生。 　　传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)属冠状病毒科、冠状病毒属。 IBV的血清型很多,迄今为止已分离出 20多个血清型和更多的变异株,随着疫苗的使用,新的血清型不断出现, IBV对鸡的致病性也发生变化。根据临床症状和病理变化,将 IB分为 5个类型： (1)呼吸型; (2)肾型; (3)肠型; (4)生殖道型或产蛋异常型; (5)腺胃型。 　　1997年王玉东报道引起腺胃型病变的 IBV变异株。 1995年以来,在江苏、山东、山西、广…     

鸡传染性支气管炎的诊断与控制

鸡传染性支气管炎（Infections Brnchitis of Chickens,IB）是仅发生于鸡的急性，高度接触性的呼吸道疾病。本病呈世界性分布。据报道，本病在临诊上常有腺胃型传染性支气管炎（腺胃型IB），呼吸型传染性支气管炎（呼吸型IB），肾型传染性支气管炎（肾型IB）。     

鸡传染性支气管炎的综合防治

传染性支气管炎由冠状病毒科的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触传染性的呼吸道疾病,因毒株不同,又分为呼吸型、肾型、腺胃型、生殖型、肠型、混合型,是对养鸡业威胁最为严重的传染病之一。     

鸡传染性支气管炎血清抗体的检测

鸡传染性支气管炎（IB）是由冠状病毒科的禽传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的急性、高度接触性传染病。在我国，邝荣禄于1972年首次报道在广东省发生鸡的IB，随后国内大部分省份都有本病发生的报道。目前流行的IB主要有吸型、肾型、肠型、腺胃型等几种类型，其特征为病鸡咳嗽、喷嚏和气管发生啰音，在雏鸡还可出现流涕，产蛋鸡产蛋减少和质量变劣，有的剖检可见肾肿大，有尿酸盐沉积。鸡传染性支气管炎可使各种年龄、     

鸡传染性支气管炎的诊断与治疗

鸡传染性支气管炎是由冠状病毒科传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起鸡的一种急性高度接触性呼吸道传染病。根据不同病毒株感染后侵害主要脏器的差异,常分为呼吸型、肾型、腺胃型、生殖型传染性支气管炎。鸡是传染性支气管炎病毒的唯一宿主,各种日龄的鸡均易感[1-2]。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株、T株生物学特性的研究

<正>鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)是由传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,可引起鸡呼吸道、输卵管、肾脏、肠道及腺胃等多部位病变。不同性别、品种和年龄鸡均易感,但主要侵害1~4周龄幼鸡[1]。IB呈全球性分布,自1972年我国学者邝荣禄首先在广东省报道IB以来,全国开始陆续报道IB的流行,该病是继鸡新城疫、马立克、鸡传染性法氏囊病之后的又一严重危害我国养禽业的主要传染病[2]。国     

肾病变型传染性支气管炎的流行情况调查及其综合防制

鸡传染性支气管炎病（IB）是由冠状病毒科、冠状病毒属的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的鸡的急性、高度接触性呼吸道传染病：本病呈世界性分布，以呼吸道症状，肾炎和产蛋量、蛋品质下降为特征。由于IBV基因突变和基因重组频率较高，产生了众多的血清型，临床上主要表现有呼吸型、腺胃型和肾型三种。IBV不同血清型问的交叉保护力差，给本病的免疫预防带来了很大的困难。近年来，该病尤其是肾病变型IB的流行呈上升趋势，在陕西及其周边地区呈暴发流行势态；成为近年来继新城疫、传染性法氏囊病、马立克病之后的又一大传染病，给当地养禽业造成了巨大的损失。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …