Identification of human uromodulin as the Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein

The primary structure of human uromodulin, a 616-amino acid, 85-kilodalton glycoprotein with in vitro immunosuppressive properties, was determined through isolation and characterization of complementary DNA and genomic clones. The amino acid sequence encoded by one of the exons of the uromodulin gene has homology to the low-density-lipoprotein receptor and the epidermal growth factor precursor. Northern hybridization analyses demonstrate that uromodulin is synthesized by the kidney. Evidence is provided that uromodulin is identical to the previously characterized Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, the most abundant protein in normal human urine.     

Autoimmune target in Heymann nephritis is a glycoprotein with homology to the LDL receptor

The pathogenesis of Heymann nephritis, a rat model of human membranous glomerulonephritis, depends on the interaction of autoantibodies with a renal glycoprotein (GP330) on glomerular podocytes. Partial complementary DNAs coding for GP330 were isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence from 4.3 kilobases of complementary DNA contains the sequences identical to two peptides derived from the isolated glycoprotein. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein contains regions with homology to the human low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, an indication that GP330 and the LDL receptor may be members of the same gene family. Autoantibodies from the kidneys of rats with Heymann nephritis reacted with a nonglycosylated segment of GP330 that contains cysteine-rich 40-amino acid repeats, which are also features of the LDL receptor. GP330 is also similar in some regions to the mouse epidermal growth factor precursor.     

Cyclophilin: a specific cytosolic binding protein for cyclosporin A

Cyclophilin, a specific cytosolic binding protein responsible for the concentration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A by lymphoid cells, was purified to homogeneity from bovine thymocytes. Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography resolved a major and minor cyclophilin species that bind cyclosporin A with a dissociation constant of about 2 X 10(-7) moles per liter and specific activities of 77 and 67 micrograms per milligram of protein, respectively. Both cyclophilin species have an apparent molecular weight of 15,000, an isoelectric point of 9.6, and nearly identical amino acid compositions. A portion of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the major species was determined. The cyclosporin A-binding activity of cyclophilin is sulfhydryl dependent, unstable at 56 degrees C and at pH 4 or 9.5, and sensitive to trypsin but not to chymotrypsin digestion. Cyclophilin specifically binds a series of cyclosporin analogs in proportion to their activity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Isolation of cyclophilin from the cytosol of thymocytes suggests that the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin A is mediated by an intracellular mechanism, not by a membrane-associated mechanism.     

Homology of beta-lactoglobulin, serum retinol-binding protein, and protein HC

The milk protein beta-lactoglobulin has been extensively studied but its function has not been identified. A clue regarding the function of a protein can be obtained by discovering a genetic relationship with a protein of known function through comparisons of amino acid sequence. Such comparisons revealed that beta-lactoglobulin is similar to human serum retinol-binding protein and to another human protein of unknown function known as complex-forming glycoprotein heterogeneous in charge (protein HC). beta-Lactoglobulins from several species have been found to bind retinol, while the absorption and fluorescence properties reported for the unidentified heterogeneous prosthetic group of protein HC are retinoid-like. The role of serum retinol-binding protein in vitamin A transport in the circulation suggests that the other two homologous proteins may function in the binding and transport of retinoids; beta-lactoglobulin may facilitate the absorption of vitamin A from milk and protein HC may mediate the excretion of retinol-derived metabolites.     

Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor.     

Sequence of the envelope glycoprotein gene of type II human T lymphotropic virus

The sequence of the envelope glycoprotein gene of type II human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is presented. The predicted amino acid sequence is similar to that of the corresponding protein of HTLV type I, in that the proteins share the same amino acids at 336 of 488 residues, and 68 of the 152 differences are of a conservative nature. The overall structural similarity of these proteins provides an explanation for the antigenic cross-reactivity observed among diverse members of the HTLV retrovirus family by procedures that assay for the viral envelope glycoprotein, for example, membrane immunofluorescence.     

猪干扰素IFNE1基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

依据电子延伸序列设计一对克隆引物,用RT-PCR法从猪胃组织扩增出猪干扰素epsilon1(IFNE1)基因的完整编码区并进行序列分析;再根据克隆的序列设计一对表达引物,用PCR法从重组克隆载体中扩增出EcoRI/XhoI酶切位点的猪IFNE1片段,插入原核表达栽体,转化至宿主菌,诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定融合蛋白.结果表明,克隆的猪IFNE1基因包含完整的开放阅读框架,长为586bp.ORF为582bp,编码193个氨基酸,与人、小鼠的同源性分别为83.6%和69.2%,推测的氨基酸序列与人、小鼠的同源性分别为76.2%和55.2%,表达的融合蛋白分子量约为47kD.     

特异腐质霉来源漆酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,在有机农药残留和木质素的降解方面具有潜在的工业价值。从特异腐质霉Y1(Humicola insolens Y1)中分离到了漆酶基因Lac1,其全长1 803 bp,编码600个氨基酸,与NCBI蛋白数据库比对结果表明,与来源于Chaetomium globosum CBS 148.51(XP_001228806)的多酚氧化酶序列相似性最高为71%,表明是一个新的漆酶基因。将其克隆入毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9r中,通过PCR和SDS-PAGE检测证实基因已经整合入酵母基因组中且能分泌表达。在3 L发酵罐中,重组Lac1蛋白表达量达到3.79mg/mL发酵液,酶活性达到1.3 U/mL发酵液。酶学性质分析结果显示,漆酶的最适作用温度为65℃,最适反应pH为4.5,且在pH 6～11的范围内酶的相对活力均在70%以上。     

The product of the human c-erbB-2 gene: a 185-kilodalton glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity

Antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to 14 amino acid residues at the COOH-terminus of a protein deduced from the human c-erbB-2 nucleotide sequence. These antibodies immunoprecipitated a 185-kilodalton glycoprotein from MKN-7 adenocarcinoma cells. Incubation of the immunoprecipitates with (gamma-32P)ATP resulted in the phosphorylation of this protein on tyrosine residues. These results indicate that the human c-erbB-2 gene product is the 185-kilodalton glycoprotein that is associated with tyrosine kinase activity. Although the c-erbB-2 protein was predicted to encode a protein very similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, EGF did not stimulate this kinase activity either in vivo or in vitro.     

Uniform binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to elongation factor Tu by thermodynamic compensation

Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) binds all elongator aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) for delivery to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Here, we show that EF-Tu binds misacylated tRNAs over a much wider range of affinities than it binds the corresponding correctly acylated tRNAs, suggesting that the protein exhibits considerable specificity for both the amino acid side chain and the tRNA body. The thermodynamic contributions of the amino acid and the tRNA body to the overall binding affinity are independent of each other and compensate for one another when the tRNAs are correctly acylated. Because certain misacylated tRNAs bind EF-Tu significantly more strongly or weakly than cognate aa-tRNAs, EF-Tu may contribute to translational accuracy.     

Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa: member of a family of Arg-Gly-Asp--specific adhesion receptors

Adhesive interactions of the platelet surface with plasma proteins such as fibrinogen and fibronectin play an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. The binding of both of these proteins to platelets is inhibited by synthetic peptides containing the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, which corresponds to the cell adhesion site in fibronectin and is also present in the alpha chain of fibrinogen. An affinity matrix made of an insolubilized heptapeptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence selectively binds the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from detergent extracts of platelets. When incorporated into liposome membranes, the isolated protein confers to the liposomes the ability to bind to surfaces coated with fibrinogen, fibronectin, and vitronectin but not to surfaces coated with thrombospondin or albumin. This platelet receptor is related to the previously identified fibronectin and vitronectin receptors in that it recognizes an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence but differs from the other receptors in its wider specificity toward various adhesive proteins. These results establish the existence of a family of adhesion receptors that recognize the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp.     

少孢节丛孢菌XJ-A1几丁质酶AO-483基因的克隆及生物学活性

为弄清少孢节丛孢菌几丁质酶的生物学功能,对少孢节丛孢菌XJ-A1几丁质酶AO-483基因进行克隆及分子特征分析,并在大肠埃希菌中进行诱导表达;采用DNS还原糖法检测经镍柱纯化的重组几丁质酶活性,将其作用于秀丽隐杆线虫幼虫,分析其生物活性。结果显示,AO-483基因编码309个氨基酸,与少孢节丛孢菌标准株(ATCC 24927)的几丁质酶AO-483基因序列的同源性为96.88%,氨基酸序列同源性为97.73%;AO-483含有1个Glyco-hydro-18结构域,位于20~297位氨基酸,属于糖苷水解酶18家族,还含有特征序列GMLGG和LDGLDLDVE;三级结构为典型的三磷酸异构酶桶形结构。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,重组蛋白AO-483分子质量约为52 ku,与预测大小一致;Western blot分析证实,该重组蛋白能与小鼠抗少孢节丛孢菌多克隆血清抗体发生特异性反应。经DNS还原糖法检测,该重组几丁质酶活性为223.31 U·mL^-1;重组几丁质酶对秀丽隐杆线虫Ⅰ期和Ⅳ期幼虫有较强的降解活性。     

绵羊鸟苷素基因的克隆与序列分析

基于电子延伸序列,本试验克隆并分析了绵羊鸟苷素基因.从绵羊十二指肠黏膜组织中提取总RNA,利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR扩增,PCR产物与pMD19-T载体连接后转化到E.coliJM109感受态细胞,检测阳性克隆并测序.结果表明:克隆的绵羊鸟苷素基因长341 bp,编码109个氨基酸,与人、豚鼠、小鼠和牛的同源性分别为77%7、5%、47%和94%,推测的氨基酸序列信号肽为1~16 aa,整个氨基酸构成一个模域,编码鸟苷素前体蛋白.     

白桦BpSOC1基因的克隆及时序表达分析

根据NCBI中已注册的近缘树种的SOC1同源基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术在4年生白桦茎尖中分离得到1条SOC1-like cDNA序列,命名为BpSOC1。该序列编码区长660 bp,编码220个氨基酸,蛋白质相对分子质量为25 367.77 D,理论等电点为9.32。蛋白结构预测分析表明,BpSOC1具有典型的MADS-box结构域和K-box结构域,同时具有多处DNA结合位点、糖基化位点和磷酸化作用位点,属于MADS家族转录因子。系统发育分析表明,BpSOC1属于MADS-box家族的SOC1/TM3亚家族。采用实时定量PCR技术研究不同树龄白桦BpSOC1从5月初至9月在茎尖的时序表达规律,结果显示:BpSOC1无论在2年生苗期的营养生长阶段还是进入3、4年生的生殖生长阶段均有表达,表达高峰均在7月初和9月初。但2年生苗期的BpSOC1表达量最高的7月初和9月初间无显著差异,而进入生殖生长期后9月初的BpSOC1表达量显著高于7月初的表达量,表明Bp-SOC1既参与白桦的营养生长,又参与生殖生长。     

禽类血管活性肠肽与乙肝病毒核心抗原融合基因的构建

在制备以禽类血管活性肠肽（VIP）为基础的基因工程疫苗工作中，选择乙肝病毒核心抗原（HBcAg)作为载体来提高鹅VIP的免疫原性，首先将克隆于鹅VIP cDNA和HBc基因第1至435bp的序列片段先后插入到质粒pRSET A的BamH I/EcoR I和Nhe I/BamH I克隆位点之间，构建成VIP序列位于HBc序列之后的VIP融合基因的重组质粒pHBc-VIP,其次将HBc第1至225bp序列的扩增片段和HBc第244bp之间包括VIP的充列经扩增，EcoR I酶切，连接，再扩增的片段先后插入到质粒pBSKS /－的BamH\Pst和Pst\HindⅢ克隆位点，构建成VIP持入到HBc基因中间（HB cAg的第75和82位氨基酸之间）融合基因的重组质粒pVIP-HBc.     

鹅β-防御素10基因的分离、鉴定与表达

【目的】从鹅的组织中克隆鹅β-防御素10（avian β-defensin 10,AvBD10）基因,通过大肠杆菌进行原核表达,检测重组鹅AvBD10蛋白的生物学特性。【方法】采用RT-PCR方法,从鹅的肾脏组织中扩增鹅AvBD10基因。根据已发现的禽β-防御素和部分哺乳类动物β-防御素的氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,进行遗传进化分析;并应用荧光定量的方法对该基因的组织表达水平进行鉴定。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1 上进行原核表达,并对该重组蛋白进行纯化,测定体外生物学活性。【结果】从鹅肾脏组织中克隆出了鹅AvBD10基因,该基因的cDNA大小为207 bp,编码68个氨基酸。经遗传进化分析表明,该基因推导的氨基酸序列与鸭AvBD10的同源性最高,达92.7%。通过对重组蛋白抗菌活性的检测发现,该蛋白对12种致病性细菌均具有较强抑菌作用,但在高盐离子浓度下活性减弱。并且重组蛋白不具有溶血的特性。【结论】成功克隆并表达了鹅AvBD10基因,原核表达产物具有广谱的抗菌活性且不具有溶血特性。     

DNA cloning of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite gene: amino acid sequence of repetitive epitope

A clone of complementary DNA encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been isolated by screening an Escherichia coli complementary DNA library with a monoclonal antibody to the CS protein. The DNA sequence of the complementary DNA insert encodes a four-amino acid sequence: proline-asparagine-alanine-asparagine, tandemly repeated 23 times. The CS beta-lactamase fusion protein specifically binds monoclonal antibodies to the CS protein and inhibits the binding of these antibodies to native Plasmodium falciparum CS protein. These findings provide a basis for the development of a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.     

草鱼hepcidin基因cDNA克隆、序列分析与表达

运用RT-PCR和快速扩增cDNA末端(rapid amplication ofcDNA Ends,RACE)技术获得草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)hepcidin基因全长cDNA,为774 bp,包括ORF 282 bp、5’UTR 117 bp和3’UTR 383 bp,3’UTR存在1个多聚腺苷酸加尾信号(AATAAA)和1个mRNA不稳定基序(ATTTA)。推定编码93个氨基酸,与其它鱼类hepcidin的序列同一性为27.9%～51.6%;SignalP 4.0软件预测信号肽位于1～24位。在邻接(neighbor-joining,NJ)法构建的系统进化树中,草鱼hepcidin前体肽和其他已报导的鱼类hepcidin前体肽聚为一枝。实时定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerasechain reaction,qPCR)检测结果显示hepcidin基因mRNA主要表达于肝脏、脾脏、头肾和眼等组织;柱状黄杆菌注射后4～48 h,hepcidin基因在肝脏、脾脏和头肾中表达均显著上调。研究亮点:克隆到草鱼抗菌肽hepcidin一个新基因的全长cDNA,阐明了其所编码的hepcidin与其它脊椎动物hepcidin具有类似的结构与功能;证明其广泛分布于各组织中,参与了对细菌的免疫应答,是固有免疫的重要组成部分。     

内蒙古白绒山羊蛋白激酶B/AKT基因的克隆及表达模式分析

 【目的】克隆内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA并分析其基本表达模式。【方法】RT-PCR克隆AKT基因 cDNA。通过在线软件BLAST进行核酸序列分析,用SMART与Psite进行氨基酸序列分析。半定量RT-PCR检测AKT基因在绒山羊组织中的表达特异性。Western blotting检测绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中AKT表达。【结果】克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA片段长 1 443 bp,包含了编码480个氨基酸残基的全长ORF,氨基酸序列与绵羊（NM_001161857.1）同源性为97%。SMART分析表明,ORF编码的蛋白包含了可与3-磷酸肌醇结合的PH结构域及具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S_TKc结构域。Psite分析表明,含有1个cAMP-/cGMP-依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、10个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、2个蛋白激酶ATP结合区信号和1个丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性区域。PSORT程序预测其定位于细胞质中。AKT基因mRNA丰度在睾丸、脑和肾中较高,在脾、肝、肺及乳腺组织中相对低。绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中抑制mTOR活性,AKT表达量降低。【结论】内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA全长ORF的核苷酸序列与绵羊的AKT基因具有很高的同源性,AKT基因在脾、睾丸、脑、肝、肺、乳腺及肾组织中均有表达,其AKT的表达受mTOR信号通路的调控。