Pharmacokinetic study of ascorbic acid in sheep.

Four groups of sheep (5/group) were used in the experiment. Group 1 sheep were given 1 g of ascorbic acid (AA) intravenously (i.v.), group 2 were given 3 g i.v., group 3 were given 1 g intramuscularly (i.m.) and group 4 received 3 g i.m. Blood was collected for 7 h after i.v. administration and for 48 h following i.m. administration. Plasma was analyzed for AA using HPLC techniques. After i.v. administration the rate of elimination was greater at the high dose than the low (0.8560 vs 0.5231 h-1) but the area under the curve (AUC) parameter was proportional to the dosage (127.9 vs 39.7 mcg*h/mL). After i.m. administration AUC parameters were higher than following the i.v. injections. When the times that AA levels were > or = 5 mcg/mL after i.m. injection were compared there was no significant difference between the 1 and 3 g dosages. Times that levels were > or = 10 mcg/mL were significantly longer for the 3 g dose. Using the AUC (area under the curve) parameter as an index of drug exposure, supplementation of adult sheep with AA by the i.m. route should have a greater effect on the animal than i.v. administration.     

Effect of glutamic acid content of the diet on isotope-labeled glutamic acid catabolism in rats. 1. The course of 14CO excretion following intragastric administration of 14C-glutamic acid

Male rats received in 8 groups of 10 animals each for a period of 7 days 7 synthetic diets and one semisynthetic diet on maintenance requirement level. A L-amino acid mixture corresponding to the pattern of egg protein without glutamic acid was the protein source of the synthetic diets. Glutamic acid was supplemented successively from 0 to 58 mol-% of the total amino acid content. The crude protein source of diet 8 was whole egg powder. On the 8th day of experiment 5 animals per group were labelled by intragastric infusion (i.g.) with 14C-U-glutamic acid. During the following 24 hours the excretion of CO2 and 14CO2 was measured. Throughout the experimental feeding body weight was relative constant, however, when the synthetic diets were fed it was necessary to increase the daily amount of energy from 460 to 480 kJ/kg0,67. The relative 14CO2-excretion within 24 hours was 68-75% of the dose. However, the main part of the amount of radioactivity excreted during 24 hours was found after 4 to 6 hours already. Exponential functions calculated from the data of cumulative 14CO2-excretion suggest the existence of a fast process of 14CO2-formation directly from 14C-glutamic acid, reaching a plateau within 2 hours and a slow process of oxidation of intermediates of glutamic acid metabolism, causing a continued 14CO2-formation even after 24 hours. The oxidation of 14C-glutamic acid to CO2 decreased 2 to 14 hours after i.g. labelling if the glutamic acid content of the diet increased. The same was found for the specific radioactivity of 14CO2. A storage of intermediates of glutamic acid before degradation was assumed.     

犬烟酸缺乏症的诊治及初步研究

烟酸(nicotinic acid or niacin)也称作维生素B5,或维生素pp,分子式C6H5NO2。它是动物体必需的13种维生素之一,是一种水溶性维生素,属于维生素B族。烟酸在动物体内转化成具有生     

Infertility in a ewe as a result of ovotestis.

A ewe with apparently normal estrous cycles was unable to conceive as a result of a single ovotestis. The ovotestis was diagnosed on the basis of results from laparoscopic examination, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation, and histologic examination of the gonad. The report reinforces the necessity of considering all causes of infertility in affected sheep, and not simply infective causes.     

Reducing effect of dietary anacardic acid on body fat pads in rats

We have previously shown that anacardic acid has an uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria using succinate as a substrate (Toyomizu et al. 2000). In the present study, in order to clarify whether or not anacardic acid could be used advantageously as a special feed/food supplement to reduce fat deposition through the uncoupling action, two sets of experiments were conducted to determine quantitatively the effect of dietary anacardic acid (0.1% w/w) supplementation. More specifically, effects on growth, feed efficiency, fattening, and levels of several constituents of blood serum in rats fed normal and low protein–high carbohydrate (CHO) diets were examined. There were no significant differences in bodyweight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency among the experimental groups. For the total fat pad content, including inguinal and epididymal fat, significant interaction was shown between both treatments: dietary anacardic acid at 0.1% w/w significantly decreased the total fat pad content in rats fed the CHO diet, but not in rats fed the normal diet. Weights of heart, spleen and brown adipose tissue were not affected by either the dietary treatment or anacardic acid, while both liver and kidney weights decreased with feeding of anacardic acid at 0.1% w/w, but were not affected by the CHO diet. Anacardic acid supplementation in the diet had no effect on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase levels, suggesting that the dysfunction of liver or kidney may not be induced by dietary anacardic acid. The results of the present study reveal a unique function of anacardic acid in that, for dietary conditions enhancing body fat deposition, that is consumption of a diet high in carbohydrates, dietary anacardic acid has the potential to decrease body fat deposition. A possible mechanism for differences observed in anacardic acid‐induced regulation of body fat pad content between rats fed the normal and CHO diets, based on uncoupling action of anacardic acid on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed.     

Effect of glutamic acid content of the diet on the catabolic rate of isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 2. Time course of 14CO2 excretion following subcutaneous administration of 14C-glutamic acid

40 rats with a body weight of 100 g received 7 semisynthetic diets with different contents of glutamic acid and one diet contained whole egg. A L-amino acid mixture corresponding to the pattern of egg protein was the protein source of the semisynthetic diets. Glutamic acid was supplemented successively from 0 to 58 mol-% of the total amino acid content. On the 8th day of experimental feeding the animals were labelled by subcutaneous injection of 14C-U-L-glutamic acid. Subsequently the CO2- and the 14CO2-excretion were measured for 24 hours. In this period 64 to 68% of the injected radioactivity were recovered as 14CO2. The curve pattern of 14CO2-excretion indicates two different processes of 14CO2-formation. One characterizing the direct degradation of glutamic acid to CO2 with a high rate constant and a second one with a lower rate constant characterizing the 14CO2-formation via metabolites of glutamic acid. 77% of the total 14CO2-excretion in 24 hours resulted from the direct oxidation of glutamic acid and 23% from the oxidation of intermediates. When 14CO2-formation was measured 10 to 24 hours after injection of 14C-glutamic acid a positive correlation to the content of glutamic acid in the diet was observed. The intestinal tissue contribute considerably to the catabolization of glutamic acid, however, there seems to exist an upper limit for this capacity.     

山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导氧化应激胎鼠的影响

试验旨在研究山奈酚对三硝基丙酸诱导亲代小鼠氧化应激从而对子代胎鼠氧化应激和抗氧化能力的作用.42只亲代小鼠分为3组:对照组、氧化应激模型组、抗氧化剂组,试验重复3次.测定妊娠20d后的子代胎鼠肝脏、肺脏和心脏3个器官中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC...     

Effects of isoprothiolane and phytosterol on adipocyte metabolism and fatty acid composition of serum and tissue lipids in rats.

Isoprothiolane at a dose of 250 mg/kg or phytosterol 50 mg/kg was orally administered to rats once a day for 2 weeks. Basal [U-14C]glucose conversion rate to total lipids in isolated adipocytes of the rats was significantly decreased by treatment with isoprothiolane (54%) or phytosterol (82%). Adipocytes from the rats with isoprothiolane released less glycerol than those from control rats only at an epinephrine concentration of 10 microM. The serum level of total cholesterol was depressed by phytosterol ingestion. The level of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was increased by isoprothiolane. Desaturation in fatty acid composition of phospholipid or cholesterol ester was observed in serum, liver and adipose tissue of the rats treated with either drug. These results suggest that either drug may have common effects by preventing lipid deposition into adipocytes and accelerating fatty acid desaturation in tissue lipids.     

川西草原植物资源播娘蒿亚麻酸含量的研究

川西草原的十字花科植物资源比较丰富,如特用油料植物播娘蒿等。作者对川西草原所产播娘蒿及其近缘植物种子油中的亚麻酸含量作了研究,得到下列结果。在播娘蒿及其近缘高亚麻酸植物中,播娘蒿的亚麻酸含量约为37 01%,其适应力较强,引种后产量较高,有较好的利用前景。不同地区分布的播娘蒿群体中,川西草原产播娘蒿的亚麻酸含量较高,引种后生育较正常,种子产量较好,有较好的利用价值。进一步的测试表明,播娘蒿的亚麻酸主要是α-亚麻酸,有的群体的含量达37 62%。以上有关研究结果系首次报道,可供开发播娘蒿资源者参考。     

川西草原植物资源播娘蒿亚麻酸含量的研究

川西草原的十字花科植物资源比较丰富,如特用油料植物播娘蒿等.作者对川西草原所产播娘蒿及其近缘植物种子油中的亚麻酸含量作了研究,得到下列结果.在播娘蒿及其近缘高亚麻酸植物中,播娘蒿的亚麻酸含量约为37.01%,其适应力较强,引种后产量较高,有较好的利用前景.不同地区分布的播娘蒿群体中,川西草原产播娘蒿的亚麻酸含量较高,引种后生育较正常,种子产量较好,有较好的利用价值.进一步的测试表明,播娘蒿的亚麻酸主要是α-亚麻酸,有的群体的含量达37.62%.以上有关研究结果系首次报道,可供开发播娘蒿资源者参考.     

Effect of glutamic acid content in the diet on the catabolic rate of the isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 4. Measurement of 14C-glutamic acid oxidation to 14CO2 with various energy sources in the diet

48 male rats (body weight 80-100 g) were fed with 2 diets different in the glutamic acid content (diet I 2.42 and diet II 6.24% glutamic acid in the dry matter). The mixture of the other synthetic L-amino acids was adapted to the egg protein pattern corresponding 10% crude protein in the diet. Each diet was fed either on 73% or 98 to 104% of the energy maintenance requirement. After 7 days of experimental feeding 14C-U-L-glutamic acid was given to each group by intragastric infusion (i.g.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous injection (s.c.), respectively, followed by a measurement of the CO2-and 14CO2-excretion during two subsequent periods of 3 hours. The CO2-excretion was lower in animals with restricted energy intake especially during the first 3 hour-period, which was started 2 hours after feed intake. The relative 14CO2-excretion (percent of the dose) was neither significantly influenced by the level of energy intake nor by the amount of dietary glutamic acid. The highest degradation rates of 14C-glutamic acid to 14CO2 were measured after i.g. application (more than 50%), followed by the i.p. injection (nearly 50%) and the lowest values were observed after s.c. injection (about 40%). These differences were only evident during the first CO2-absorption period. Furthermore the s.c. injection caused a lower specific radioactivity of CO2 compared with the data after i.g. and i.p. application. The results suggest the high metabolic activity of the intestinal tissue for glutamic acid.     

不同剂量促卵泡素对超排效果的影响

用两种不同剂量的FSH进行超排处理 ,结果表明 ,用 9mg的FSH处理 ,头均获得胚胎 6 2枚、可用胚 3 8枚 ;分别比 8mg处理组多 3 4枚、1 8枚 (P <0 0 5 )。表明用 9mgFSH进行超排处理效果较好。     

Trout mortalities as a result of Streptococcus infection.

Excessive mortalities were experienced in the bigger rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at an efficiently managed trout farm. All tests for known toxins in the feed and water proved to be negative. A faecal Streptococcus which belongs to the Lancefield group D but which could not be identified as belonging to any of the recognized species within this group, was isolated from the spleens, livers and kidneys of affected fish. Pathogenicity studies with this organism proved it to be highly fatal to trout but not to Mozambique bream (Sarotherodon mossambicus), banded bream (Tilapia sparrmenii), carp (Cyprinus carpio) or largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The isolation and biochemical characteristics of the organism are described. The symptoms, gross- and histopathology of this disease are described and discussed. The disease resembles a haemorrhagic septicaemia and appears to be associated with intensification and conditions of stress.     

松萝酸体外透皮试验研究

采用简化体外透皮释放测定装置 ,初步研究了松萝酸在透皮促渗剂作用下的透皮吸收作用。结果表明单一的透皮促进剂氮酮 ( Azone)及以氮酮为主的复合透皮促进剂 ( 2 % Azone 2 0 %丙二醇 ,2 % Azone 2 0 %二甲基亚砜 ,2 % Azone 2 0 %尿素 )对松萝酸的透皮吸收均无促进作用     

氯化汞对SD大鼠组织损伤的病理学研究

将24只SD大鼠被随机分为4组,即对照组(饮用蒸馏水)、低剂量汞组(HgCl250 mg/L)、中荆量汞组(HgCl2100 mg/L)、高剂量汞组(HgCl2200 mg/L),采用自由饮水染毒,染毒时间为21 d.期间记录大鼠体质量及临床症状,染毒结束后采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾组织,称重并制作石蜡切片观察其病理组织学变化.结果显示,各染毒组大鼠体质量增长均低于对照组,部分组间差异显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比.中、高剂量染毒组大鼠肾脏、脾脏、肺脏和大脑脏器系数差异显著(P<0.05);光学显微镜观察各染毒组大鼠肝细胞肿胀、肝细胞索紊乱、中央静脉淤血;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性,管腔内有脱落的上皮细胞或溶解崩裂的细胞碎片,肾间质有红细胞积聚;心脏、脾脏、肺脏可见大量红细胞积聚,而大脑未见明显异常的病理学变化.结果表明,低剂量汞暴露对SD大鼠生长发育具有明显抑制作用,且能引起机体各组织器官广泛性病理损伤.     

NMDA对培养的大鼠腺垂体细胞分泌生长激素影响的研究

应用细胞培养、结合放射免疫测定法探讨了 N-甲基 -D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA)对培养的大鼠腺垂体细胞分泌生长激素 (GH)的影响。结果表明 :在腺垂体细胞培养中 ,试验组 (分别添加1 0 - 8、1 0 - 6 、1 0 - 4M NMDA)培养液中的 GH比对照组分别提高了 67.92 % ,87.46% ,1 0 0 .67% ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5)。试验表明 NM-DA能直接刺激离体腺垂体细胞分泌 GH,并与NMDA呈剂量依赖关系