肉兔豆状囊尾蚴病的症状与防治

<正>豆状囊尾蚴病是兔的寄生虫病,是豆状带绦虫的中期幼虫寄生在兔内脏所致,多寄生在肝脏、肠系膜和网膜上。兔豆状囊尾蚴病是因兔食用污染有豆状带绦虫的节片和卵的饲料后,六钩蚴便从卵中钻出,进入肠壁血管,随血液到达肝脏开始发育,在肝内穿行15~30天后,钻出肝被膜,进入腹腔;在肠系膜、胃网膜等处生长、发育为豆状襄尾蚴致使发病。该病的主要传播来源是患豆状带绦虫的犬,兔因采食了被患犬粪便污染的饲料而感染。本病各季节均     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病的防治

兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫的中绦期幼虫豆状囊尾蚴引起的一种绦虫蚴病,主要寄生于兔的肝脏、肠系膜和腹腔内.豆状囊尾蚴病是家兔常见的寄牛虫病,笔者对其防治措施简要介绍如下,希望能引起养兔专业户的重视,及时采取各种措施,避免该病的发生.     

商品兔豆状囊尾蚴病的防治

对小型商品兔场兔豆状囊尾蚴病的流行病学进行了调查,对90只患豆状囊尾蚴病的商品兔进行解剖,阐述了商品兔豆状囊尾蚴病的发病原因、临床症状和病变特点,总结出了该病的防治措施。     

新疆阿拉尔垦区兔豆状囊尾蚴病流行的原因分析

1发病情况自1998年起,我们在学生实验用家兔体内多次发现了豆状囊尾蚴,病兔都很瘦弱,腹腔内的脏器都挂有黄豆至蚕豆大小的白色囊泡.特别是肝脏和肠系膜上更多,最多的达到145个.囊泡内有透明液体,具有一个白色头节,放大镜观察可见小钩,诊断为兔豆状囊尾蚴病.     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病的防治

兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫的中绦期幼虫豆状囊尾蚴引起的一种绦虫蚴病，主要寄生于兔的肝脏、肠系膜和腹腔内。豆状囊尾蚴病是家兔常见的寄生虫病，笔者对其防治措施简要介绍如下，希望能引起养兔专业户的重视，及时采取各种措施，避免该病的发生。     

商品兔豆状囊尾蚴病的流行及防治

豆状囊尾蚴病,是豆状带绦虫(Taenia pisifor-mis)的中绦期豆状囊尾蚴(Cysticercus pisiformis)寄生于家兔等啮齿类动物的肝脏包膜、大网膜及肠系膜等处所引起的一种绦虫蚴病。严重感染时能引起肝脏损害,消化紊乱,甚至死亡。近年来,随着养犬业的发展,该病的流行也逐渐普遍,严重的影响着养兔业的发展和兔产品的质量。1发病情况1.1兔舍周围环境调查笔者主要调查了一些小型商品兔场,养兔数在几十只到上千只,兔场都位于农村或农户院内。调查发现兔场周围养犬者甚多,犬到处乱跑,农民又没有给犬驱虫的习惯。而大部分商品兔场养有护场狼犬1～2只,大…     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病暴发感染调查

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫 ( Taeniapisiformis)的幼虫——豆状囊尾蚴寄生于肝脏、肠系膜、网膜及骨盆腔而引起。寄生数量少时 ,可无明显临床症状 ,大量感染则可引起肝脏损害、消化功能紊乱、消瘦倦怠 ,严重者可引起死亡。1 995年 5月 ,我中心饲育的家兔虽经常规疫苗注射、球虫病及螨病防治等 ,仍普遍表现出不同程度的精神沉郁、被毛松乱、消瘦、腹泻患病率高及整体生长发育迟缓等 ,影响了正常的生产。抽样剖检部分术后兔及死亡兔 ,发现有豆状囊尾蚴感染 ,于是就对兔群进行了较系统的豆状囊尾蚴感染情况调查 ,并采取了相应防治措施 ,…     

獭兔豆状囊尾蚴与大肠杆菌病混合感染诊断与防治

兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫(Taenia pisi-formis)的幼虫豆状囊尾蚴(Cysticercus pisiformis)寄生于兔的肝脏、大网膜、肠系膜和腹腔内引起的一种兔的绦虫病。感染的病兔表现消化机能紊乱,饲料     

兔豆状囊尾蚴病的诊治体会

兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫的幼虫豆状囊尾蚴引起的一种绦虫病,主要寄生在兔的肝脏、肠系膜和腹腔内,小如豌豆,透明,直径10～18毫米,内含1个头节。现把该病的诊治体会介绍如下,希望能引起养殖户的重视。     

獭兔球虫病并发大肠杆菌病的诊治

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病是由豆状带绦虫的中绦期——豆状囊尾蚴寄生于兔的大网膜、肝脏、肠系膜和腹腔内引起的一种绦虫蚴病。本病的主要传播来源是患豆状带绦虫的犬,家兔因采食了被患犬粪便     

兔豆状囊尾蚴的压片技术及染色方法研究

为了详细观察豆状囊尾蚴头节的形态结构,通过屠宰检验或病兔剖检采集的豆状囊尾蚴的囊泡,制作压片后用不同的染色方法进行了比较.结果表明,制作豆状囊尾蚴头节压片的关键是载玻片要洁净、干燥,从囊泡中取出的头节应完整无损,并尽量除去黏附在头节上的囊液.将带有头节的结节放在载玻片的中部,再在其上放一载玻片,两手在载玻片的两端均匀用力挤压,待结节全部展开即可.为了观察头节的正面结构,在压制玻片前,应用手术刀片除去原始颈节与体节部分.通过常用的几种单染色和复染色法对压片进行染色,证明单染色更有利于详细的观察头节的结构,而且几种单染色之间有互补染色效果.     

豆状囊尾蚴的超微结构观察

本研究旨在观察豆状囊尾蚴在不同状态下的超微结构。从肉联厂屠宰检验采取豆状囊尾蚴,直接剪破囊泡从中取出豆状囊尾蚴;或用含10%胆汁生理盐水培养囊尾蚴,待其从囊泡中翻出后,用扫描电镜观察和记录。位于囊泡内的头节,从其顶端观察,顶突呈伞状,皮肌柱连接小钩覆盖于头节的前端。从侧面观察,一排有鹿角样的小钩附着于顶突。4个吸盘呈洞穴状位于顶突之后分布在头节的四周。原始颈节较宽,体节较细,表面均有许多皱褶。培养后的豆状囊尾蚴可明显区分为头节、颈节、体节和囊泡区,顶突上的皮肌柱收缩,鹿角样的小钩向周围伸展,吸盘也发生环形和纵形收缩,颈节的环状收缩和体节的纵行收缩均明显可辨。豆状囊尾蚴处于不同状态时,其超微结构明显不同。     

豌豆状囊尾蚴组织化学的观察

观察了豌豆状囊尾蚴的主要生化指标的定位分布和相对含量。结果表明：头钩内含丰富的网状纤维。糖原主要分布于实质组织，尤以吸盘部位为最丰富。ＡＫＰ、ＡＣＰ和ＡＴＰ酶定位于皮层和钙质小体。本作者认为，这３种酶分布于皮层可能是协助皮层从宿主组织摄取葡萄糖。     

豆状囊尾蚴头节压片与扫描电镜的比较形态学观察

通过压片、多种染色和扫描电镜对豆状囊尾蚴的头节结构进行了详细地比较观察,发现了豆状囊尾蚴头节的一些新结构和曾被误认的结构特点。在压片上,头节的顶突有2排小钩（假复层状排列）,用瑞氏染色时可见小钩与皮肌柱相连,用伊红染色见2小钩之间有一个相连的结节,用HE染色则见小钩上有蓝色的钙盐沉着。用扫描电镜观察,静止的头节顶突呈伞状,皮肌柱连接齿钩覆盖于头节的前端。从侧面观察可发现齿钩具有鹿角样的分支,覆盖头节的齿钩实际上是一排。4个吸盘呈洞穴状位于顶突之后分布在头节的四周。当头节处于运动状态时,顶突上的皮肌柱收缩,鹿角样的齿突向周围伸展,吸盘也发生环形和纵形收缩,大大增加了头节对宿主的侵袭力。在对培养的豆状囊尾蚴头节进行观察时,发现了无钩豆状囊尾蚴,其顶突较大且厚,表面粗糙,顶突上有一个较大的结节。总之,通过压片、多种染色和扫描电镜的比较观察,使我们对豆状囊尾蚴的头节结构有了更正确的认识。     

豆状带绦虫六钩蚴Tp-dUTPase基因的表达及血清学诊断效果

采用PCR方法从豆状带绦虫六钩蚴中扩增得到Tp-dUTPase基因编码区,构建了pET32a-Tp-dUTPase原核表达载体,以重组蛋白dUTPase作为包被抗原建立的兔豆状囊尾蚴病Dot-ELISA诊断方法对226份兔血清进行了检测。结果显示,Tp-dUTPase基因编码区长447bp,编码148个氨基酸,表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量为36 200,该重组蛋白能与家兔豆状囊尾蚴病阳性血清特异性结合。以重组蛋白Tp-dUTPase作为包被抗原建立的Dot-ELISA诊断方法显示有较高的特异性（85.7%~92.9%）和敏感性（86.4%~88.0%）,与其他种类兔寄生虫病阳性血清有较低的交叉反应。结果表明,纯化的Tp-dUTPase重组蛋白可作为兔豆状囊尾蚴病的诊断抗原。     

豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴和宿主（兔）的同工酶,蛋白质比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分离出豆状囊尾蚴囊液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶4～5条酶带,酯酶同工酶1条酶带,蛋白质6～9条区带;豆状囊尾蚴囊壁和头节乳酸脱氢酶同工酶3～4条酶带,酯酶同工酶无,蛋白质17条区带;细颈囊尾蚴囊液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶1～4条酶带,酯酶同工酶1～3条酶带,蛋白质7～10条区带;宿主——兔腹水乳酸脱氢酶同工酶5条酶带,酯酶同工酶3～5条酶带,蛋白质13～16条区带。并作了豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴囊液同工酶、蛋白质和豆状囊尾蚴与宿主的同工酶、蛋白质相互关系的详细分析,结果表明豆状囊尾蚴与细颈囊尾蚴的同工酶和蛋白质具有差异和两者可能存在交叉免疫;豆状囊尾蚴的酶蛋白和蛋白质来源独立于宿主,但在一定程度上受宿主的影响。     

抗蠕虫药对人工感染豆状囊尾蚴家兔肌肉主要营养成分的影响

为分析不同驱虫药对感染豆状囊尾蚴肌肉营养成分含量的影响,本试验采用3种抗蠕虫药（甲苯咪唑、吡喹酮、丙硫苯咪唑）对人工感染豆状囊尾蚴家兔进行驱虫试验,并对感染豆状囊尾蚴后和驱虫后家兔肌肉营养成分（水分、灰分、脂肪和蛋白质）含量变化进行分析。结果表明,3种抗蠕虫药对家兔感染豆状囊尾蚴均有不同程度的驱虫效果,家兔肌肉营养成分含量有不同程度的升高。其中,甲苯咪唑和丙硫苯咪唑对家兔肌肉中的水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量影响较大,吡喹酮驱虫后家兔肌肉中灰分含量增加较明显。     

Environmental and food hygiene aspects of cestode infections of humans]

Cysticercus bovis s. inermis, the larvae phase of Taenia saginata is still widely spread. Many reasons are at the origin thereof, e.g. incomplete destruction of the eggs of Taenia saginata during the waste water purification process and differing meat inspection practises. In an area with the same environmental and animal breeding and fattening conditions a yearly average of 6.49% infestation is found in one slaughterhouse, whilst the yearly average in a neighbouring slaughterhouse is 0.93%. The masseter muscles are the main site of infestation. The meat inspection legislation contributes to the infestation with tape-worms in man because of the weakening of the official inspection procedures.     

Taeniacidal efficacy of SQ 21,704 in dogs by various types of oral administration and in comparison with niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride

The streptothrinin antibiotics SQ 21,704 was evaluated against naturally occurring Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum infections in dogs when they were given at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg of body weight in four different rations: loaf-type canned meat; chunk-type canned meat; dry (gravy-type) meal; and dry (pelleted) meal. The SQ 21,704 was 100% efficacious against both T pisiformis and D caninum infections when given with the chunk, gravy, and pelleted rations. When given with the loaf-type canned meat, it was 100% effective against T pisiformis and 60% efficacious against D caninum. The SQ 21,704 was effective against both tapeworm species when given orally as a liquid at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, formulated as an aqueous suspension containing 94 mg of activity per milliter. The SQ 21,704 was also tested in dogs when given orally in gelatin capsules at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg without fasting, and was 100% efficacious against both tapeworm species. The results of a comparative taeniacidal study demonstrated that SQ 21,704 was 100% effective in removing both T pisiformis and D caninum when administered orally at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, whereas niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride were only partially effective at their recommended dose levels. One of five dogs treated with niclosamide at a dose level of 157 mg/kg was positive at necropsy, giving an orally efficacy of 80%. Three of five dogs treated with bunamidine hydrochloride at a dose level of 49 mg/kg were positive at necropsy, giving an overall efficacy of 40%.     

Procedures in abattoirs and meat inspection. State of the discussion on the implementation of alternative systems

Results of field studies which were performed in EU member states and which dealt with meat inspection procedures in fattening pigs were reviewed with respect to their contribution to alternative systems of meat inspection. The following was concluded: Inspection ante mortem (monitoring of circumstances at the farm of origin): Data which should be given to the notice of the authorities have not yet been satisfactorily defined and their informative value still is not yet clear The predictive character of information from the farm of origin regarding the health status of the animals (results of meat inspection) is not yet sound enough The technique of ante mortem inspection should be reconsidered also. Meat inspection (monitoring and assessment of lesions): In all studies the compared techniques (visual and official procedure) did not entirely find all lesions, which were supposed to be on the carcasses and organs. This was true in different percentages. The impact on consumer's health from the lesions monitored has to be discussed more thoroughly. The information presently available is not yet sound enough to generate a new practicable system of meat inspection. Further pilot studies are necessary.