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1.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):77-88
Abstract Fish meal has been the most common animal protein source used to feed fish, even though it is fairly expensive and seasonally available. The objective of this work was to investigate co-dried fish silage as an alternative animal protein source for diets of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus.The diets did not differ significantly (P >0.05) with respect to average weight gain, ration consumption, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency and specific growth rates. However, apparent protein digestibility and protein productive values were significantly different (P <0.01). Diets containing fish silage, co-dried with agricultural by-products (soybean meal or broken rice), showed better results than the control diet, which contained fish meal as the only animal protein source. The results showed that alternative ingredients can be used effectively to replace fish meal in pacu diets. Co-dried silages are economically and environmentally advantageous, since they use residues generated in the farm. 相似文献
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L.V.O. Vidal T.O. Xavier L.B. de Moura T.S. Graciano E.N. Martins W.M. Furuya 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(2):228-235
Soybean coproducts are important protein sources in aquaculture because of their amino acid profile. Tilapia can be reared on soybean coproducts as the only source of dietary protein without compromising growth. This study estimated apparent digestibility coefficients for five soybean coproducts for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed with extruded diets. A reference diet and test diets consisting of 70% reference diet and 30% coproduct ingredient were formulated, along with 5.0 g kg?1 chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as a marker. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for dry matter (ADCDM), gross energy (ADCGE) and crude protein (ADCCP) for soybean coproducts were estimated as 84.2–88.4%, 86.9–91.1% and 96.8–97.9%, respectively. ADCDM and ADCCP values did not vary among the ingredients, but low‐protein soybean meal exhibited lower ADCGE values than did soybean protein concentrate. ADCs of all amino acids were >95%, and mean ADCs for amino acids were similar to the values observed for ADCCP. Soybean coproducts had good nutritional value in extruded diets fed to tilapia. Methionine, histidine and valine were the limiting amino acids in all evaluated ingredients. 相似文献
3.
Juan Tian Xing Lu Ming Jiang Fan Wu Wei Liu Lijuan Yu Hua Wen 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):3-14
4.
Catfish Clarias lazera (C. gariepinus) was used to study the effect of aqueous lupine seed suspension (ALSS) (Lupinus termis) on normal or treated fish with alloxan or glucose after 5, 24 and 4 days. Injection of alloxan was followed by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and rise in serum levels of total free amino acids (TFAA), AST and ALT compared with control. In liver, alloxan significantly reduced glycogen and total lipid/triglyceride ratio, while it accumulated lipids and elevated AST and ALT compared with control values. Also, alloxan induced lipid and glycogen depletion in red and white muscles. However, all disturbances in these parameters were restored to normal after ALSS administration. In glucose-treated fish, ALSS significantly increased glycogen content in white and red muscles. Also, glucose plus ALSS treatment increased red muscle contents of TFAA, total lipids and triglycerides. ALSS treatment did not induce any histological changes in liver. Both glucose and alloxan treatments induced damage effect on liver besides, ultrastructural alterations in the liver were observed. Furthermore, histochemical observation revealed a high liver glycogen following repeated glucose doses, while liver glycogen was depleted in response to alloxan injection. Alloxan induced necrosis, mitochondrial damage, few ribosomes on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with disrupted cisternae in liver cells. Repeated doses of glucose injection for 4 days led to necrosis, clumps of rarefied cytoplasm as well as some cisternae of rER appeared to be devoid of ribosomes. However, most histological and ultrastructural changes in the liver were restored to normal after ALSS administration. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the lupine seeds have a protecting effect against both metabolic disturbances and damaging effect on liver cells in response to repeated doses of glucose or to alloxan treatments. 相似文献
5.
Carla Bacchetta Andrea S. Rossi Raúl E. Cian David R. Hernndez Sebastin Snchez Jimena Cazenave Silvina R. Drago 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):536-544
An 84‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the addition of bovine plasma protein concentrate (BPP) as a full replacement of fish meal (FM) in extruded aquafeeds for the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus at two fattening stages. Fish with an initial body weight of 105.55 ± 13.48 g (1st fattening stage) and 564.50 ± 88.02 g (2nd fattening stage) received two iso‐nitrogenous and isocaloric diets with 130 g/kg of FM (FM diet—FMD) or with 130 g/kg of BPP (BPP diet—BPPD). No significant difference in growth performance was detected between dietary treatments. Fish from the 2nd fattening stage showed decreased intestinal pH and increased haemoglobin content. At the 1st fattening stage, fish fed with BPPD presented higher levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and hepatic and whole‐body lipid content, while plasma glucose and muscular glycogen were lower at the 2nd fattening stage compared with FMD‐fed fish. Fish fed with FMD showed an increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver at the 1st fattening stage and intestine at the 2nd one, accompanied by higher levels of hepatic catalase at the 1st fattening stage. Results suggest BPP could completely replace FM in diets for P. mesopotamicus without affecting growth performance, when FM represents 13% of the diet. 相似文献
6.
Tamires Valim Marques Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal Rafael Simões Coelho Barone José Eurico Possebon Cyrino Susanne Rath 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):111-119
The intensive production of farmed fish is at a global all‐time high, and the control of bacteria proliferation in fish farms requires the frequent use of antimicrobials. This practice raises important environmental concerns related to the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria strains. Only a few antimicrobial drugs have been approved for use in aquaculture, one of which is florfenicol. This work studies the depletion and withdrawal period of florfenicol and its main metabolite, florfenicol amine, in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), a neotropical characin widely farmed in the southern hemisphere. Juvenile pacu (average weight of 724 g) were stocked in a closed‐loop laboratory system with controlled water temperature (25.8°C), and were fed for 10 consecutive days with a diet containing an intended dose of 10 mg/florfenicol per kg bw. Muscle and skin tissues were collected at 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 16 days post‐treatment, and florfenicol and florfenicol amine were quantified using a validated ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method. The limits of quantitation for florfenicol and florfenicol amine were 10 ng/g in muscle and 50 ng/g in skin. Considering a maximum residue limit of 1000 ng/g for the sum of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in muscle with skin in natural proportions a withdrawal period of 5 days (water temperature 25.8°C) or 129 degree days was calculated on the basis of the upper limit of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval for the 99th percentile derived from the residue depletion study. 相似文献
7.
Predatory fish structure communities through prey pursuit and consumption and, in many marine systems, the gadoids are particularly important. These predators have flexible feeding behaviours and often feed on large prey items. Digestion times of large prey are usually longer than handling times, and gut processing limits feeding rate at high prey density. Optimizing the gut content mix can therefore be an important behavioural strategy. Here, we develop a foraging model that incorporates gut processing and use the model to disentangle internal and external limitations on feeding in the omnivorous cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae). We extend the traditional definition of prey profitability to consider prey digestive quality, which we quantify for prey of Northeast Atlantic cod populations. We find an important role for gut limitation; within a range of ecologically relevant temperatures and prey densities, predicted feeding rates were strongly reduced compared to feeding constrained by external factors only, and the optimal diet composition under gut limitation differed from predictions from traditional foraging theory. Capelin, a main prey of Northeast Arctic cod, had the highest digestive quality of all prey across ecosystems, but the cold temperatures in the Barents Sea strongly limited feeding rate by slowing down digestion. Baltic cod fed on a higher proportion of poor‐quality prey compared to the other populations, contributing to its slow growth in relation to water temperature. Gut limitation is particularly important to consider in foraging models for fish with many alternative prey species or fish occupying cold waters where digestion is slow. 相似文献
8.
Hua‐Juan Shi Xiang‐Fei Li Chao Xu Dingdong Zhang Li Zhang Si‐Lei Xia Wenbin Liu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1311-1328
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目前,养殖鱼类的重要问题之一是鱼体沉积大量的脂肪组织。鱼类的脂类一般以脂肪(甘油三酯)的形式累积于腹腔(内脏周围)、头盖腔、皮下、腹侧等脂肪组织[1-2],也可存在于肝脏、红肌等其他器官组织中。脂肪除为鱼体储存大量能量外,还供给鱼体所需要的必需脂肪酸,作为某些维生素和 相似文献
10.
Feng Gao Xiaowei Shi Chao Pei Xianliang Zhao Lei Zhu Jie Zhang Li Li Chen Li Xianghui Kong 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2023,15(1):318-332
Ferroptosis, as one of cell death modalities, is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and regulated by various cellular metabolic pathways, including iron, amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as disease-related signalling pathways. Cell survival or death is a critical issue in the inflammatory response. On the one hand, ferroptosis is more immunogenic than apoptosis, and ruptured ferroptotic cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can trigger an inflammatory response. On the other hand, various pathogenic bacteria may cause peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the cell membrane, leading to ferroptosis. In fish, the key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis are conserved, but there are still differences among fish species. In recent years, frequent occurrences of fish diseases have posed a considerable challenge to the large-scale aquaculture. The specific precursors for ferroptotic cell death were iron-dependent oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which always occur in fish inflammation. This review summarizes recent studies on ferroptosis in fish inflammation, that is, iron-dependent programmed cell death, to address ferroptosis, inflammation and correlations between them in fish. This review may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and inflammation in fish and provides suggestions for sustainable development and large-scale aquaculture farming. 相似文献
11.
青鱼和草鱼葡萄糖耐量的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用典型的淡水肉食性鱼类青鱼(Mylopharyngodonpiceus)和草食性鱼类草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)为对象进行糖耐量初步实验。青鱼和草鱼的体重分别为(63±3)g和(46±2)g,在实验室适应4周后禁食24h,以高剂量(H)1.67g/(kg体重)和低剂量(L)0.42g/(kg体重)灌喂葡萄糖,比较研究其代谢反应。结果显示,2种鱼灌喂不同剂量葡萄糖后都出现持久的高血糖,青鱼血糖含量高于灌喂相同剂量的草鱼,灌喂剂量越高,血糖含量越高。草鱼组及青鱼L组在灌喂葡萄糖后血浆总氨基酸和甘油三酯先降后升,但青鱼H组口服葡萄糖后血浆总氨基酸和甘油三酯先升高。青鱼H组和草鱼H组在灌喂葡萄糖后最初1h和2h肝糖原含量分别下降至2.62%和5.46%。实验结果提示,青鱼糖耐量比草鱼低;高糖负荷后两种鱼的内分泌调节规律可能不同;较高葡萄糖负荷还引起应激反应,应激反应的强弱可能与糖耐量大小呈反比,与负荷剂量呈正比。 相似文献
12.
Raul Machado‐Neto Debora Botequio Moretti Wiolene Montanari Nordi Thaline Maira Pachelli da Cruz José Eurico Possebon Cyrino 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3551-3557
Growth performance was evaluated in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 20% of lyophilized bovine colostrum for 60 days. The performance variables of weight gain, relative weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, total protein intake and protein efficiency ratio were evaluated as well as apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy in the diets. Inclusion of bovine colostrum did not induce differences in the performance of pacu and dourado (P > 0.05), indicating that the diets were adequate and met the nutritional needs of the juveniles. The protein digestibility in both species was improved with the inclusion of the bovine lacteal secretion. Based on the variables studied, the diets with lyophilized bovine colostrum inclusion were nutritionally suitable for both pacu and dourado indicating the possibility to use this lacteal secretion as a partial substitute of dietary protein. 相似文献
13.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):197-207
Abstract Fish adjust the enzyme profile to dietary protein and carbohydrate. A balance of nutrients optimizes the enzyme profile and metabolic performance offish. Dietary levels (10, 20, 30 and 40%) were combined to four levels of starch (57, 32, 21 and 4%) to feed juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Acid and alkaline proteases were color-imetrically determined by hemoglobin and azocasein hydrolysis, respectively. Liver, white and red muscle glycogen, glucose and free amino acids were colorimetrically quantified. Those enzyme activities were induced by dietary protein. Enzyme responses to the feeding and the metabolic profile of the tissues suggest the best protein/starch ratio as 30%/21%. The highest levels of protein (30%-40%) impaired nutrient uptake. 相似文献
14.
糖类是鱼类三大营养物质之一,可消化糖作为一种性价比较高的能量物质,其合理利用对饲料成本的降低和饲料物理性状的维持具有重要意义,但鱼类对糖的利用有限,投喂含有一定比例可消化糖的膨化商业饲料易引起肝脏疾病的发生。文章总结了部分已发表关于鱼类糖耐受和生长试验结果的报道,发现不同鱼类对葡萄糖的代谢模式存在一定的差异,一些鱼类倾向于将过量葡萄糖以糖原的形式储存在肝脏中,而有些鱼类则既能合成糖原也能合成脂肪。糖耐量试验是了解鱼类利用可消化糖类的重要研究手段,但目前还没有统一的标准,导致研究结果的参考意义不强。作者建议将来在统一方法标准的基础上,重点研究不同鱼类的葡萄糖代谢特征以及调控方法。 相似文献
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鱼类肠道内存在着大量的微生物类群,其在宿主生长发育、代谢及免疫调控过程中扮演着重要的角色。大量研究显示肠道菌群与宿主脂代谢关系密切,能够通过调节肠道短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)、内毒素(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)、胆汁酸、氧化三甲胺等菌群代谢产物以及肠上皮细胞的通透性,影响宿主脂质代谢。本文对国内外鱼类肠道菌群及其与机体脂质代谢作用关系进行梳理,综合报道了鱼类肠道菌群的组成、脂类营养对鱼类肠道菌群的影响、鱼类肠道菌群与机体脂质代谢的关系及基于肠道菌群调控鱼类脂质代谢的策略。在鱼类肠道中,菌群种类及结构的变化或可作为鱼类脂代谢紊乱的早期诊断标志。在此基础上,基于肠道菌群稳态维持而采取调控手段,如合理应用益生菌、益生元等,或将为鱼类等水产动物脂质代谢紊乱防控提供新的方法。 相似文献
18.
Kifayat U. Khan Cleber F.M. Mansano Thiago M.T. Nascimento André Z. Boaratti Andressa T. Rodrigues Daniel M.A. Queiroz Rafael S. Romaneli Nilva K. Sakomura João B.K. Fernandes 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(1):224-234
In the present study, juvenile (live body weight, 54.3 ± 8.2 g), preadult (live body weight, 822.5 ± 33.9 g), and adult (live body weight, 1,562.8 ± 41.8 g) pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to estimate their dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements using the whole-body amino acid (AA) pattern. The results showed that whole-body moisture, crude protein, total lipid, and ash contents expressed on a wet weight basis (%) were significantly different among the studied growth phases. No significant differences were observed in the dietary EAA requirements estimated for the three growth phases of pacu. These dietary EAA requirements were found to be different than those previously estimated for the same fish through its muscle AA pattern. Based on whole-body EAA to total EAA ratios {A/E ratios; [(each EAA/total EAA) × 1,000]}, EAA requirements were estimated to be histidine (0.42%), arginine (1.36%), threonine (0.82%), valine (0.90%), methionine (0.45%), isoleucine (0.83%), leucine (1.29%), phenylalanine (0.74%), lysine (1.64%), and tryptophan (0.14%) for pacu. These estimated requirements may serve as a reference line in the formulation of practical and experimental diets until dose–response-based optimum EAA requirements are available for pacu. 相似文献
19.
The effect of the different dietary carbohydrate types and levels on growth performance, haematological indices and hepatic hexokinase (HK) and glucokinase (GK) genes expression involved in control of glucose metabolism, was studied in juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two carbohydrates (glucose and starch) diets with two levels (250 and 500 g kg?1) were fed to triplicate groups of 35 fish for 60 days. The best weight gain rate and specific growth rate were observed in fish fed with 250 g kg?1 glucose diet and 500 g kg?1 starch diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed with 500 g kg?1 glucose showed low feed utilization, with the highest food conversion ratio and the lowest protein efficiency ratio (P < 0.05). Hepatosomatic index was significantly higher in fish fed with glucose diets and the 500 g kg?1 starch diet compared to 250 g kg?1 starch. CHOL, HDL‐C and LDL‐C were significantly highest in fish fed with 500 g kg?1 starch than all other diets (P < 0.05). Hepatic GK mRNA expression level and activity were positively related to glucose and starch levels (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that hepatic glycogen concentration was increased by dietary carbohydrate content (P < 0.05). These results suggest that GK may play a major role in the postprandial glucose utilization in juvenile mirror carp. 相似文献
20.
鱼类利用碳水化合物的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
鱼类对碳水化合物的消化和代谢能力较差,缺乏对血糖水平的调控能力。众多的研究资料表明,摄入高碳水化合物通常会导致鱼体出现持续的高血糖、肝肿大、肝糖原累积、生长率和饲料效率降低。影响鱼类利用饲料碳水化合物的因素很多,包括鱼的食性、生长发育、胰岛素水平、消化及代谢酶、能量代谢水平等内因以及碳水化合物的种类、含量、摄食频率、环境温度等外因。本文综述了该领域的研究进展,并从能量代谢的角度对影响鱼类利用碳水化合物的因素及其机制进行了探讨,认为鱼类对碳水化合物的利用能力差与其维持生命活动的能耗功率水平相对应:鱼类(尤其是肉食性鱼类)代谢率较低,而以葡萄糖为底物代谢供能速率较高,因此摄入大量碳水化合物后可能导致供能速率过剩,以血糖的形式在体内堆积,表现为持续的高血糖现象。碳水化合物类型、摄食频率及水温对鱼类利用碳水化合物的影响均可能与此相关。 相似文献