巢湖西半湖北岸湖滨带蓝藻堆积处细菌多样性初步研究

采用限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)方法,研究了巢湖西半湖北岸湖滨带蓝藻堆积处不同深度层次的细菌多样性.利用直接法提取了蓝藻堆积处3个不同深度层次样品(A层0～2 cm、B层2～10 cm、C层10 ～ 20 cm)中的细菌总DNA,并进一步构建各层细菌的16S rDNA克隆文库.结果表明,蓝藻堆积处各层细菌的Margalef丰富度指数(dMa)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Simpson指数(D)均伴随深度的增加而减小.系统发育树分析显示,各层的细菌优势类群主要归属于厚壁菌门( Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria);且随深度层次的增加,归属于变形菌门的细菌比例减少,而归属于厚壁菌门的细菌比例增加;在A层样品中存在少量归属于蓝藻门( Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)类群的细菌;在C层样品中也存在少量归属于拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)类群的细菌.研究结果在一定程度上揭示了蓝藻堆积腐烂过程中细菌多样性和种类组成的变化.     

Effects of dietary 60 g kg−1 dried distiller's grains in least‐cost practical diets on production and gut allochthonous bacterial composition of cage‐cultured fish: comparison among fish species with different natural food habits

Dried distiller's grain (DDG) is considered as an alternative ingredient of dietary feed due to its high contents of protein, fibre and fat. In this study, 60 g kg^‐1 of DDG was used to feed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) for 8 weeks, and its effect on fish production and gut allochthonous microbiota was investigated for the development of a suitable fish feed high in nutrients and low in cost for polyculture freshwater fish. DDG supplementation resulted in the less weight gain and higher feed conversion ratio of black carp (P < 0.05), but had no significant effects on other fish or parameters. PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that all four fish species had some common and unique bacteria in their digestive tracts, and the gut microbiota of bluntnose black and gibel carp fed the control diet and DDG diets were very similar (Cs > 91%); of them, the total counts of intestinal bacteria studied by qPCR increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and depressed in black carp (P < 0.05) when fed dietary DDG. Thus, we assumed that dietary DDG modulated production and gut microbiota of fish in a host‐specific way.