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1.
该文对TiO2纳米粒子气固光催化降解果蔬贮藏环境乙烯技术进行了初步研究。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2薄膜作光催化剂,利用自行设计的气固光催化实验系统,研究了乙烯浓度、紫外光作用时间对光催化降解反应的影响,探讨了乙烯的光催化降解的动力学。结果显示:该研究所制备的TiO2锐钛矿型含量为48.766%,比表面积为47.186 m2/g,具有良好的光催化性能;光催化降解乙烯比直接紫外线光降解效果显著,光照10 min时光催化乙烯降解率比直接紫外线光降解提高23.76%;乙烯的降解率随着其浓度的增加而降低;乙烯的光催化降解的动力学可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程加以描述。  相似文献   

2.
不锈钢基体上TiO2陶瓷膜的制备   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作者对不锈钢基体上TiO2陶瓷膜的制备技术进行了探索。试验以304不锈钢片为基体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在其表面制备TiO2陶瓷膜层,探讨了溶胶的浓度、pH值、黏合剂和烧结温度对TiO2膜层形貌的影响,并利用X射线衍射技术(XRD)研究了膜层的物相结构。结果表明,添加1%的聚乙烯醇(PVA1750)黏合剂于浓度0.07M、pH2.0的溶胶中制得涂膜液,用该涂膜液浸涂304不锈钢片,干燥后于600℃烧结,可以得到均匀的片状结构TiO2陶瓷膜,经XRD分析,该膜层以金红石相为主,另含少量锐钛矿相;添加0.3%的甲基纤维素(MC)黏合剂于浓度0.07M的溶胶中,用该溶胶浸涂304不锈钢片,干燥后于700℃烧结,得到纯金红石相的颗粒状TiO2陶瓷膜层。添加两种不同黏合剂的溶胶均可在不锈钢表面形成连续的TiO2陶瓷膜层,但两者的添加量不同,需要的烧结温度也不同,所得的物相结构及形貌亦不同。两种不同形貌的片状及颗粒结构之间分别形成较为均匀的孔隙,可以作为过滤时的截留孔。  相似文献   

3.
以Cs2CO3作为催化剂前驱体,利用γ-Al2O3、TiO2、MgO、SiO2、CaO和NaY型分子筛6种不同的载体,在700℃下焙烧,制备Cs2O固体碱催化剂,并用其催化菜籽油酯交换反应制取生物柴油。结果表明,以γ-Al2O3、MgO和CaO均能制备出超强固体碱,根据制备出的固体碱催化酯交换反应的酯交换率和产物分离性能分析,γ-Al2O3是最适合的载体。以Cs2CO3为前驱体,以γ-Al2O3为载体开展的催化剂试验结果表明:固体碱的最佳制备工艺条件为:煅烧温度700℃,煅烧时间5 h,煅烧气氛为N2。在此工艺条件下,制取的催化剂用于催化菜籽油的酯交换率达到了95.5%。  相似文献   

4.
纳米TiO2光半导体材料是一种具有抗菌与环境净化功能的新型环境友好材料,试验首次探索了将其应用于植物病害防治的可能性。在黄瓜霜霉病防治研究的栽培试验中发现,喷施纳米TiO2光半导体溶胶材料可以显著地降低黄瓜霜霉病的发病率和病情指数,减少叶片病斑数量与病斑面积。试验研究结果初步证实了其对黄瓜霜霉病害具有一定的防治作用,为以纳米TiO2光半导体溶胶材料为主要有效成分的植物抗菌剂与保护剂的开发提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
模拟CCS技术CO2泄露对C4作物种子萌发的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
模拟CCS技术CO2泄露对C4作物种子萌发的影响,以期为CCS技术CO2泄露后可能产生的环境影响提供基础性资料。利用CO2人工气候箱,模拟CCS技术CO2泄露产生的高浓度CO2环境,研究在CO2分别为正常大气CO2浓度(对照组),10000,20000,40000,80000 mg/kg时,对玉米、高粱、谷子、糜子4种C4作物发芽率、发芽势以及平均发芽天数的影响。高浓度CO2对玉米发芽率无明显影响,而高粱、谷子和糜子分别在10000,20000, 20000 mg/kg时发芽率达到最高值;高浓度CO2对玉米发芽势亦无明显影响,而高粱、谷子和糜子均在20000 mg/kg时发芽势达到最高值;高浓度CO2对4种C4作物发芽天数均产生较小影响,其中,对糜子影响较为显著。在不同CO2浓度范围内对C4作物种子发芽率分别有促进和抑制作用,促进和抑制作用不是很显著,其中,促进范围1%~5%,抑制范围1%~4%;高浓度CO2对C4作物种子发芽势有比较显著的促进作用,较对照组,发芽势的促进范围为9%~16%;高浓度CO2对4种C4作物发芽天数均产生较小影响。  相似文献   

6.
以CO2浓度升高为主要特征的气候变化对作物生长发育及产量形成的影响日益受到重视。冬小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一, 主要分布在干旱及半干旱地区, 且生长期内多干旱少雨。研究不同水分条件下冬小麦的生长变化及水分利用对CO2浓度升高的响应具有重要的科学和实践意义。本研究在封顶式生长室中对2个土壤水分水平[适宜水分: 70%~80%田间持水量; 干旱胁迫: 50%~60%田间持水量]的盆栽冬小麦进行了CO2熏蒸试验[背景大气浓度: (396.1±29.2) μmol·mol-1; 升高的浓度: (760.1±36.1)μmol·mol-1]。对小麦植株生理指标、生物量、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)等的研究结果表明, 与背景大气CO2浓度相比, CO2浓度升高可促进冬小麦生长, 其地上生物量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了28.6%和18.6%; 籽粒产量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了32.6%和22.6%; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数提高籽粒产量, 穗粒数在适宜水分条件下提高24.3%, 干旱胁迫条件下提高15.5%, 对千粒重没有显著影响。CO2浓度升高使群体和产量WUE显著提高, 在适宜水分条件下提高幅度较大, 分别提高17.7%和24.8%。CO2浓度升高显著提高了叶片光合速率(Pn)、降低了气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr); 在适宜水分和干旱胁迫下Pn分别提高15.6%与12.9%, Gs分别降低22.7%与18.2%, Tr分别降低8.9%与7.5%。CO2浓度升高提高了叶片水势及叶绿素含量; 在适宜水分条件下叶片水势提高幅度较大, 为7.7%; 叶片叶绿素含量在2种水分条件分别提高7.5%与3.8%。由以上试验结果可得出: CO2浓度升高对冬小麦的生长、产量及水分利用效率均具有促进作用, 而且在土壤水分状况较好时, 这种作用效果更明显; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数来促进产量提高。  相似文献   

7.
作为一种重要的土壤调节剂,生物质炭在固碳减排,尤其在氧化亚氮(N2O)减排方面的作用日益突出。本研究通过田间定位试验,分析稻麦轮作体系新鲜和田间不同时间老化生物质炭对N2O排放的影响,旨在明确生物质炭对田间N2O排放的持续效应及其作用机理。试验共设置5个处理,分别为CK(不施氮肥和生物质炭)、N(施氮肥)、NB0y(氮肥+新鲜生物质炭)、NB2y(氮肥+2年老化生物质炭)和NB5y (氮肥+5年老化生物质炭),动态监测稻麦轮作周期N2O排放,测定水稻和小麦收获后土壤理化性质和氮循环功能基因丰度。结果表明,生物质炭显著降低土壤N2O累积排放量32.4% ~ 54.0%,且表现为NB0y> NB2y> NB5y。与N处理相比,NB0y, NB2y 和NB5y处理显著提高土壤pH值0.6 ~ 1.2个单位、土壤有机碳(SOC)含量21.4 % ~ 58.6%、硝态氮(NO3--N)含量1.7% ~ 31.3%,对土壤pH改善能力随着生物质炭老化而下降。生物质炭处理显著提高nosZ基因丰度54.9% ~ 249.4%,土壤 (nirS+nirK)/nosZ比值随着生物质炭老化而增加。相关性分析表明,土壤N2O累积排放量与pH值呈显著负相关,与NO3--N含量和amoA-AOB(氨氧化细菌)丰度呈显著正相关。因此,新鲜和田间不同时间老化生物质炭均能显著改善土壤理化特性,降低土壤 N2O排放且新鲜生物质炭的作用效果优于老化生物质炭。土壤NO3--N 含量及(nirS+nirK)/nosZ比值的增加,是导致老化生物质炭减排N2O能力降低的主要原因。  相似文献   

8.
季雅岚  索龙  解鈺  王小淇  方雅各  杨霖  赵伶茹  孟磊 《土壤》2017,49(4):1172-1178
制备温度及原料影响生物质炭性质,相应影响土壤N2O的排放,为筛选适宜于海南砖红壤的生物质炭类型,利用室内培养试验,研究海南4种禾本科植物材料在300℃、500℃、700℃ 三种热解温度下制备的12种生物质炭对砖红壤性质及N2O排放的影响。结果表明:所有生物质炭都能显著增加土壤有机碳、有效磷和速效钾含量,提高土壤pH,加速土壤硝化作用进行;300℃下制备的生物质炭能促进土壤N2O排放,500℃和700℃下制备的生物质炭则对土壤N2O排放有明显抑制作用;所有材料中,高温热解温度下由甘蔗渣制备的生物质炭处理土壤的N2O排放量最低,可能由于甘蔗在榨糖后剩下的甘蔗渣以较稳定的碳水化合物为主。综合分析,推荐500℃热解温度下生成的甘蔗渣生物质炭实施土壤改良,更有利于N2O减排。  相似文献   

9.
温室气体及其生态效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研竞分析了CO2、CH4、N2O、SO2、CFCs等主要温室气体的生态效应,结果表明其生态效应与其性质及浓度有关,提出了缓解温室气体释放的有效对策。  相似文献   

10.
开展大气CO2 浓度升高对华北夏玉米地温室气体排放的影响可为未来气候变化下农业温室气体减排提供依据。研究基于已稳定运行10 年的华北典型一年两季自由大气CO2 富集平台进行,于 2017 年设置2 个处理,即常规浓度CO2(aCO2,平均400 μmol·mol-1)和高浓度CO2(eCO2,550 μmol·mol-1),2018 年在不同CO2 浓度下增设低氮(LN)和高氮(HN)水平下的不同CO2 浓度处理(即aCO2-LN、aCO2-HN、eCO2-LN、eCO2-HN)开展试验,监测和分析不同处理下土壤CO2 及N2O 排放通量特征,结合土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势测定解析N2O排放量变化的可能原因。结果表明,eCO2 下夏玉米生育期农田N2O 和CO2 累积排放量分别比aCO2 下显著增加45.5% ~ 65.9% 和16.7% ~ 19.2%;N2O 排放增加主要发生在施肥、灌溉和降雨后,而土壤CO2 在玉米营养生长期排放量较高。eCO2 条件下土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势分别比aCO2 下提高了36.4% 和59.0%,对土壤N2O 排放有贡献潜力。eCO2 下,N2O 减排需结合排放机理采取合理的田间管理和水肥调控措施。  相似文献   

11.
The absorption and transport of Na and Cl from 0.1 mM and 10 mM 22Na labelled NaCl or 36Cl labelled KCl were examined in 15 days old seedlings of 3 cultivars of rice differing in their tolerance to salinity. Furthermore, the effects of 10, 100 and 1000 ppm (N)2S on their uptake were studied. It was found that in general, the salt‐tolerant cultivars BR and PNL‐1 absorbed more Na and translocated a lesser proportion of it to the shoot, compared to the salt‐sensitive IR‐8, from 0.1 mM NaCl. The presence of (N)2S reduced the uptake of Na in all the cultivars. It was also found that the presence of 100 ppm K, KN or NNreduced Na absorption from 0.1 mM NaCl significantly in all the cultivars, and the translocation to shoot in BR‐ Chloride transport from 0.1 mM NaCl was reduced by (N)2S in all the cultivars. The 3 cultivars differed significantly in the rates of absorption and transport of Na and Cl. The results indicate that PNL‐1 which is a cross of IR‐8 X BR, has inherited the salt tolerance trait from BR. Lower rates of Na translocation to the shoot can be used as an index of salt tolerance in rice.  相似文献   

12.
我国酸性硫酸盐土壤中铁锰形态转化及迁移   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
刘兆辉  王遵亲 《土壤学报》1994,31(4):376-384
酸性硫酸盐土壤酸性很强,有机质含量高,造成了这种土壤所特有的铁锰淋洗、转化和迁移规律。研究结果表明:在酸性硫酸盐土壤中全铁含量较低,一般在35-50g/kg(以Fe2O3计),全锰含量也低,一般在0.25-0.55g/kg(以MnO计),一般滩涂中全铁大于60g/kg,全锰大于1g/kg。酸性硫酸盐土壤中,铁的游离度较小,一般在37-70%,铁的活化度较大,一般在8-20%,而滩涂中铁的游离度一般  相似文献   

13.
Recently conventional chemical analyses were mostly replaced by instrumental analysis. Although results from both methods were examined in details after the samples had been solubilized or extracted by appropriate techniques, the solubilization method was considerably altered so as to be convenient for the following analysis. In atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), for example, fusion technique was mostly inadequate because of the higher salts concentration in the obtained solution. The use of H2SO4 must also be avoided in acid digestion for SO4 2- precipitates with Sr2+ or La3+ which must be added to eliminate interferences in the succeeding procedure. Therefore, it is essential to consider the whole scheme including sample treatments to evaluate the suitability of instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the suitability of the methods which have been employed in our laboratory was examined by analyzing 9 rock standards.  相似文献   

14.
We examined the potential of a subsoil to denitrify nitrate under optimal anaerobic conditions in a laboratory-based incubation when supplied with a range of C substrates of increasing recalcitrance. Both topsoil and its associated subsoil were supplied with nitrate and either glucose, starch or cellulose. Microbial respiration and the evolution of N2O and N2 were measured. The subsoil supported low amounts of microbial activity and responded only to the glucose treatment; with less than one-fifth of the N2O production measured in the top soil. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the denitrification potential of this particular subsoil is relatively low and that only simple carbohydrates could be utilised readily by the resident microorganisms.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The availability of soil Mn to corn in relation to extractability of soil Mn by EDTA, Mg(NO3)2, CH3COONH4, hydroquinone, H3PO4, and NH4H2PO4 as affected by liming was evaluated under field conditions on a single soil type. EDTA, Mg(NO3)2 and CH3COONH4‐extractable Mn were related inversely to available Mn. No useful relationships were found between hydroquinone, H3PO4, and NH4H2PO4‐extractable soil Mn and Mn uptake by sweet corn.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Forest fires can change the greenhouse gase (GHG) flux of borea forest soils. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with different burn histories in black spruce (Picea mariana) stands in interior Alaska. The control forest (CF) burned in 1920; partially burned (PB) in 1999; and severely burned (SB1 and SB2) in 2004. The thickness of the organic layer was 22 ± 6 cm at CF, 28 ± 10 cm at PB, 12 ± 6 cm at SB1 and 4 ± 2 cm at SB2. The mean soil temperature during CO2 flux measurement was 8.9 ± 3.1, 6.4 ± 2.1, 5.9 ± 3.4 and 5.0 ± 2.4°C at SB2, SB1, PB and CF, respectively, and differed significantly among the sites (P < 0.01). The mean CO2 flux was highest at PB (128 ± 85 mg CO2-C m?2 h?1) and lowest at SB1 (47 ± 19 mg CO2-C m?2 h?1) (P < 0.01), and within each site it was positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01). The CO2 flux at SB2 was lower than that at CF when the soil temperature was high. We attributed the low CO2 flux at SB1 and SB2 to low root respiration and organic matter decomposition rates due to the 2004 fire. The CH4 uptake rate was highest at SB1 [–91 ± 21 μg CH4-C m?2 h?1] (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01) but not soil moisture. The CH4 uptake rate increased with increasing soil temperature because methanotroph activity increased. The N2O flux was highest [3.6 ± 4.7 μg N2O-N m?2 h?1] at PB (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the soil temperature and moisture are important factors of GHG dynamics in forest soils with different fire history.  相似文献   

17.
The emission of acidifying compounds to air in the Netherlands, expressed as acidifying equivalents, consisted in 1992 mainly of NOX (45%), NH3 (35%) and SO2 (20%). Transportation, agriculture and large combustion plants each contributed about 30% to the national total emission of acidifying compounds. The emissions from transportation activities mainly consisted of NOX, while in agriculture NH3 emission strongly dominated. Combustion processes in large combustion plants resulted both in SO2 emissions (especially from refineries) and NOX emissions (especially from public power plants). The total emission of acidifying substances decreases steadily in the Netherlands. The emission in 1992 was 24% lower than in 1985. It is expected to decrease further in future. The emission levels in 1992 and 1993 still are more than twice as high as the emission objective for the year 2000, set by Dutch environmental policy.  相似文献   

18.
The mechanism of SO2 inhibition of photosynthesis in intact leaves of tomato and maze was studied to evaluate SO2 inhibition of photorespiration. Leaf tissues were fumigated with SO2 under photorespiratory (low CO, and/or high O, concentrations) and non-photo-respiratory conditions. When tomato leaf disks were fumigated with 10 ppm SO2 at 2, 21 and 100° o O., SO2 inhibited photosynthesis at 2% O2 in the same degrees as at 21% O2. SO2 inhibition of photosynthesis was depressed at higher CO2 concentrations when the disks were fumigated with SO2 at different CO2 concentrations. High CO2 concentrations also reduced the photosynthesis inhibition of maize leaf disks. These results suggest that SO2 inhibits photosynthesis through other mechanisms than photorespiration inhibition and confirm the view that SO2 competes with CO2 for the carboxylating enzymes in photosynthesis  相似文献   

19.
本文研究水热条件渐变的地带性土壤中G1、G2组胶散复合体有机、无机物的化学组成及其结合特点。结果表明:G2组中铁有积累现象,游离态铁、铝氧化物含量为G2>G1,但均随土壤类型变化。松结态腐殖质(H1)为G1>G2,紧结态腐殖质(H3)则为G1<G2。可提取腐殖质中,松、稳结态腐殖质之比值H1/H2和胡敏酸、富里酸之比值HA/FA,除个别土壤之外,都相关不大。G1、G2两组复合体中都含有一定数量的络  相似文献   

20.
In the C2H2-C2H4 assay for measurement of heterotrophic N2 fixation in water-logged soils, the diffusion of C2H2 into the soil and the recovery of C2H4 from it are critical factors regulating the assay result. To establish an C2H2-C2H4 assay technique suitable for waterlogged soils, the C2H2-reducing activities (ARA), assayed by varying the method of assay gas filling, the pC2H2 of the assay gas, the duration of assay incubation and of soil vibration before the gas sampling, were compared.

A maximum ARA was measured when the following set of procedures were applied to the soil sample in assay flasks: 1) a 4-fold repetition of I-min evacuation under 0.01 atmospheric pressure and the subsequent I-min filling under 1 atmospheric pressure with assay gas at pC2H2 of 0.1 atm, 2) an assay incubation for 3 hr, and 3) a sampling of an aliquot of the headspace gas after strongly vibrating the flask for 1 min.

The ARA measured by this technique was several times larger than those measured by the techniques hitherto applied, and corresponded to an almost 80% of the V max of the sample. This technique was, therefore, proposed for the assay of heterotrophic N2 fixation in waterlogged soils.

A striking depression of ARA in the soil sample prepared with agitation indicated that a microbial ecosystem established in the soil should be kept as undisturbed as possible throughout the C2H2-C2H4 assay.  相似文献   

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