丘陵紫色土防护林混农林业结构类型研究

丘陵紫色土防护林混农林业结构类型的研究，为解决长江中上游丘陵紫色土生态系统型防护林林分组建技术问题提供科学依据。经过１９９１－１９９５年的研究表明。在组建的６个混农林业结构中，都从不同的侧面反映了各自的特性、功能和效益。     

云南混农林业的类型和分区

通过调查,云南省的混农林业类型归纳为6大类型:林粮间作型、果农间作型、林果混种型、材药间作型、林肥间作型、林牧间作型。根据一定的分区原则,将云南省的混农林业划分为9个区:滇西北高山峡谷混农林业区、滇东北北部中山山源混农林业区、滇东北南部中山山原混农林业区、滇西中山山原混农林业区、滇中高原盆湖混农林业区、滇东南岩溶山原混农林业区、滇中南中山宽谷混农林业区、滇南边缘中低山混农林业区、干热河谷混农林业区。并对各分区的基本情况以及适宜发展的混农林业类型进行了论述。     

云南混农林业的类型和分区

通过调查,云南省的混农林业类型归纳为6大类型,林粮间作型、果农间作型、林果混种型、材药间作型、林肥间作型、林牧间作型。根据一定的分区原则,将云南省的混农林业划分为9个区：滇西北高山峡谷混农林业区,滇东北北部中山山源混农林业区,滇东北南部中山山原混农林业区、滇西中山山原混农林业区,滇中高原盆湖混农林业区,滇东南岩溶山源混农林业区,保南中山宽谷混农林业,滇南边缘中低山混农林业区,干热河谷混农林业区,并对各分区的基本情况以及适宜发展的混农林业类型进行了论述。     

竹子在中国农用林业中的地位,生长与模式

竹农用林业在中国有着悠久的历史，尤其是近些年来，随着现代农林业研究的深入和集约经营水平的提高，竹农用林业得到进一步发展。在同一土地单元内，树木与农作物和动物联合在一起的农用林业系统给社会、经济和环境等各方面带来了显著的效益。文章简要叙述中国传统竹农用林业的模式、生长和结构特点，归纳出三个类型计八种竹农用林业模式，讨论了某些模式的营建技术，并对中国竹农用林业的发展提出了一些建议。     

浅议农林业的复合关系与可持续发展

介绍了复合农林业的历史背景和基本内涵.从人口基数、自然环境、农村经济等方面分析了中国可持续农业的基本特点.提出了复合农林业是实现中国农业可持续发展的重要措施.     

农牧林复合轮作系统治沙模式的原理和效益初探

混农林业在世界上已有近２０００多种系统，本文根据半干旱区农牧交错带水分，养分资源动态，耕种习惯和产业结构特征，提高了适宜于该区域的一个混农林业系统－－农牧林复合轮作系统，并初步讨论了该模式的配置，结构及其确保水分，养分等资源可持续发展的原理。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区复合农林业经营类型模式研究

通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区复合农林业经营现状的调查分析,总结出该区林农复合经营的结构、类型和模式,并确定适合该区发展的林农复合经营模式,为本区复合农林业的发展提供参考依据。     

水肥营养缓释剂

北京裕德隆科技发展公司和清华大学生物系生态科学与工程研究所根据中国农林业的特点,合作开发了绿宝水肥营养缓释剂。 绿宝水肥营养缓释剂是一种能保持土壤水分养分、改良土壤、提高作物产量的新     

混农林业及其研究概况

通过对混农林业概念的解释,阐述了混农林业的特征和作用,介绍了混农林业在国际国内研究现状及其类型。并浅述了混农林业生态效益、社会效益和经济效益的关系,综合了复合生态系统的社会、生态、经济效益的预测方法。     

复合农林业与中国农业的可持续发展

概述了复合农林业崛起的历史背景及基本内涵,并依据中国农业的基本特点与可持续发展对策,阐述了复合农林业是中国农业可持续发展的重要措施之一。     

东北农田网区林农牧生态系统能量流分析

本文针对音河模式区的林农牧生态系统，从能量流角度分析了农林牧结构，指出了产业结构的合理性是整个生态系统稳定性的基础保证。     

Water management in agroforestry systems: integrated buffalo ponds and forest gardens in the Badulla district, Sri Lanka

Within agroforestry research relatively little attention has been given to water management practices. In order to illustrate the relevance of this management practice, an analysis is made of the integrated management of buffalo ponds and forest gardens in the Badulla district, Sri Lanka. The cultivation of multi-storeyed agroforests around small water reservoirs allows the combined management of vegetation and water resources. The ponds are primarily used for storing water, regulating streamflow, catching sediments and wallowing of water buffaloes. The inclusion of the ponds increases the multifunctional nature of the forest gardens, especially in relation to water, erosion and sedimentation management and animal husbandry, and thus optimizes the complementary nature of forest gardens in the total farming system.     

Evolution of agroforestry based farming systems: a study of Dhanusha District, Nepal

This paper examines how agroforestry-based farming systems evolved in the Dhanusha district of Nepal following the conversion of forest into agriculture during the early 1950s. Some data are from two focus group discussions with agroforestry farmers and one meeting with agroforestry experts. The farmers?? discussion traced the development of farming practices from 1950 to 2010 to identify the drivers of land use change. The experts?? discussion resulted in a scale to differentiate the prevailing farming systems in the study area considering five key components of agroforestry: agricultural crops, livestock, forest tree crops, fruit tree crops and vegetable crops. Data related to the system components were collected from the randomly selected households. The study reveals that land use had generally changed from very simple agriculture to agroforestry, triggered by infrastructure development, technological innovations, institutional support (subsidies and buy-back guarantees) and extension programs. A range of farming systems with varying degrees of integration was evident in the study area: simple agriculture; less integrated agroforestry; semi-integrated agroforestry and highly integrated agroforestry. The three types of agroforestry systems, which are the focus of this study, varied significantly in terms of farm size, cropping intensity, use of farm inputs, tree species diversity, tree density, home to forest distance and agricultural labour force.     

混农林业:一条发展林业的有效途径

本文将生态系统工程原理作为现代混农林业的理论基础,提出了规划设计现代混农林业生产体系的基本步骤和方法。作者分析了现代林业和传统林业的本质区别,认为把农、林和土地利用有机结合起来,因地制宜,建立生产力高、综合效益大、稳定持续的混农林业生产体系,是发展现代林业的一条有效途径。     

城郊农林复合生态系统建设与管理

本文通过对城郊农林复合生态系统含义、原理、管理技术等方面的论述 ,提出建设农、林、牧、副协调发展 ,集高新技术、现代农林业技术、管理技术于一体的多功能城郊农林复合生态系统 ,成为城市森林生态工程的重要组成部分     

苏北平原地区森林贡献与效率测算及分析

以苏北地区1991--2001年的数据，采用随机前沿生产函数的效率模型和超越对数生产函数对农田林网和小片林对农业总产值、种植业产值和畜牧业产值的贡献程度进行计量并分析，结果表明：农田林网对上述3个产值的生态贡献率为负值，小片林对上述3个产值的生态贡献率为正值，林业、种植业和畜牧业之间存在明显的联合生产效果。需要扩大小片林面积和对现有农田林网进行适当改造，以期取得更好的效果。     

中国亚热带东部地区的主要农用林业模式

在对我国亚热带东部地区的农用林业进行全面调查研究的基础上,按照国际农用林业研究委员会的农用林业分类系统,并参照有关文献,对该区现有的农用林业模式进行了分类和描述。结果表明,该区的农用林业模式种类丰富,模式的组成成分多种多样。其中有些模式规模较大,历史悠久。已经产生了巨大的社会、生态和经济效益。建议今后要加强对农用林业的研究,不断创立和优化适宜的农用林业模式。为实现农林牧副渔各业发展创造条件。     

Tree Culture of Smallholder Farmers Practicing Agroforestry in Gunung Salak Valley,West Java,Indonesia

This paper investigates the types of agroforestry system that exist in Gunung Salak Valley, West Java, Indonesia in order to characterize the differences in their basic structure and associated crop plant diversity. Data were collected through rapid rural appraisal, field observation and focus groups, followed by household survey of a sample of 20 agroforestry farmers. Five main agroforestry systems (homegardens, fruit tree system, timber tree system, mixed fruit–timber system, and cropping in the forest understory) exist in the study area, and all of them exhibit a noticeable diversity in terms of both species composition and utilization. Products from farming accounted for an average 24 % of household income. They comprised agroforestry products which contributed IDR 3.25 million/year and other agricultural products contributing IDR 1.66 million/year. The observed agroforestry systems include not only a form of forest dominated by ‘cultivated trees’, but also an anthropogenic vegetation formation derived from agricultural antecedents. In land-use classifications agroforestry systems are not recognized as forestry, but like forests they provide tree products and services. Classification will always be disfunctional if a binary system is applied, thus a more sophisticated approach should be adopted that incorporates the economic and environmental characteristics of a wider range of systems.     

Historical development of agroforestry in China

In China both agriculture and agroforestry originated in forests and developed side by side from their very beginnings. As revealed by archaeological evidence from ancient times, ancestral Chinese inhabited forests where they sheltered themselves from external hazards and lived on the edible parts of plants and animals through hunting and gathering activities.As early as the New Stone Age (7000–8000 years B.C.), fire was commonly used to burn the forests for slash-and-burn cultivation, which is a primitive form of agroforestry. Along with the rapid growth of population, the annexing of tribes, the collapse of clan society and the development of the slavery system, the nomadic mode of slash-and-burn farming evolved into settlement farming in the Xia Dynasty (2000-1600 B.C.). Peasants then engaged in settled cultivation.During the Shang and West Zhou Dynasty (1600-800 B.C.), perpetual settlement farming encouraged the development of private land-ownership. Peasants planted trees in or around the crop fields and grew fruit plants, vegetables and farmed domestic animals in their home yards for self-sufficiency. Since then, various forms of agroforestry have gradually developed and laid the fundamental framework of the Chinese small-farming economy for more than 3000 years.There has been a rapid growth of population in China over since the 1950s. At the same time, the area of arable land has decreased drastically and the environment has degraded rapidly as industrial development has taken place. The traditional labour-consuming and ineffective agroforestry management practices have not adapted to the current situation. In view of economic, ecological and social benefits, conversion of mono-biological production into a trinity system of agriculture, processing and marketing is suggested and planned experimentally. Such a management system, known as modern agroforestry, could be very beneficial to the development of modern China's rural economy and environmental conservation.