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1.
Jozsef RáTKY Istvan EGERSZEGI Peter TOTH Soukanh KEONUCHAN Takashi NAGAI Kazuhiro KIKUCHI Noboru MANABE Klaus-Peter BRüSSOW 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):437-441
Worldwide, only a few “fatty” pig breeds exist with different and/or regional
utilization. Using the Hungarian Mangalica, which almost went extinct in Europe and the
Lao Moo Lat pig, which still has a large population in South-East Asia as exemples, we
wanted to demonstrate that indigenous (fatty) pig breeds may represent both national value
and tremendous economic potential. Since these less prolific and less productive breeds
cannot contribute to mass production, new market roles and methods should be established
for them in the premium segment of pork trading. Thus their preservation and propagation
needs the comprehensive collaboration of commercial, governmental actors and researchers.
Briefly summarizing the history, we report the current results of reproductive physiology
research. The commercial renaissance of Mangalica pigs is indebted to the enthusiastic
efforts of basic scientists, pig breeding experts and dedicated Mangalica producers.
Scientific achievements were applied to practical breeding and production of delicious
pork and processed products, which ultimately made the economic success in the Mangalica
sector possible. Both, research on and utilization of endangered (pig) breeds maintain not
only breed diversities, but also may improve the livelihood of farmers worldwide. 相似文献
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Agnieszka BLITEK Ewa MORAWSKA-PUCINSKA Magdalena SZYMANSKA Jolanta KIEWISZ Agnieszka WACLAWIK 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):512-519
Transforming growth factor (TGF) β and its receptors are expressed at the
conceptus-maternal interface during early pregnancy in the pig. The present studies
were conducted to examine: (1) the effect of conceptus products on TGFβ1 mRNA
expression and protein concentration in the porcine endometrium using in
vivo and in vitro models, and (2) the effect of TGFβ1 on
proliferation of porcine trophoblast cells in vitro. During
in vivo experiments, gilts with one surgically detached uterine
horn were slaughtered on days 11 or 14 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. For
in vitro studies, endometrial explants and luminal epithelial
(LE) cells co-cultured with stromal (ST) cells were treated with conceptus-exposed
medium (CEM). Moreover, porcine trophoblast cells were treated with TGFβ1, and the
number of viable cells was measured. On day 11, the presence of conceptuses had no
effect on TGFβ1 mRNA expression, but decreased the TGFβ1 protein concentration in the
connected uterine horn compared with the detached uterine horn. In contrast to day
11, on day 14 after estrus, TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein content in the
endometrium collected from the gravid uterine horn were greater when compared with
the contralateral uterine horn. The treatment of endometrial slices with CEM resulted
in greater TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein secretion. LE cells responded to CEM
with an increased TGFβ1 mRNA level. Moreover, TGFβ1 stimulated the proliferation of
day 14 trophoblast cells. In summary, porcine conceptuses may regulate TGFβ1
synthesis in the endometrium at the time of implantation. TGFβ1, in turn, may promote
conceptus development by increasing the proliferation of trophoblast cells. 相似文献
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Tsutomu TSUKADA Anna Yumiko KOJIMA Kunitada SATO Masaharu MORIYOSHI Masanori KOYAGO Yutaka SAWAMUKAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(2):31-34
The concentrations of androstenedione, estradiol-17β, progesterone and PGF2α
contained in the follicular fluid produced by the follicles in collected ovaries of mares
that have had estrous phase during the breeding season were measured and analyzed the
relation between the growth stage of follicles and the hormone levels in the follicular
fluid. An ultrasonographic diagnostic instrument was used to measure the diameter of the
follicles in order to categorize the follicles into three groups the following: 8 small
follicles (from 1.0 to less than1.5 cm), 8 medium follicles (from 1.5 to less than 3.0
cm), and 8 large follicles (from 3.0 to 5.0 cm), respectively. The analysis of the
follicular fluid in ovaries of estrous mares showed that the concentrations of
androstenedione were significantly higher in the medium or large follicles than in the
small follicles and the concentrations of estradiol-17β were significantly higher in
larger follicles than in the small or medium follicles (P<0.05). The concentrations of
progesterone and PGF2α, on the other hand, did not significantly vary
regardless of follicluar size. In the follicles within the mare ovaries that have had
estrous stage, the concentrations of the hormones related the ovulation, namely
androstenedione and estradiol-17β, were higher with larger follicles. 相似文献
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Whereas in former times horses were reserved primarily for people involved in
agriculture, elite equestrians or the military, nowadays equestrian sport has become an
activity for people with a wide variety of backgrounds. However, as more and more people
become involved with equestrian sport today, the knowledge concerning animal husbandry in
general is diminishing due to an alienation from agricultural themes in modern societies.
As a consequence, this development affects both riding ability and the appraisal of
horses, especially with respect to the purchase of horses. In order to analyse which
factors influence purchase decisions in the horse market in conjunction with equestrian
experience, 739 horse riders were surveyed on their purchase behaviour in this study.
Using cluster analysis, a typology was generated that provides a differentiated picture of
the preferences of the various rider groups. Three clusters were distinguished: the
“amateurs”, the “experienced” and the “experts”. Taking personal horse riding proficiency
into account, it could be concluded that especially the “amateur” group required objective
criteria for the evaluation of a horse they are considering purchasing. Alongside
“measureable” qualities, such as previous showing success or the level of training of the
horse, also other attributes such as the simple handling of the horse should be taken into
consideration. As particularly the “amateur” group in equestrian sport is increasing in
numbers, it is therefore advisable when preparing a horse for sale to align oneself to the
needs of this customer segment in order to ensure an effective and targeted marketing of
horses. 相似文献
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In China, the first Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) group was released in
Kalamaili Ungulate Protected Area in Xinjiang, in August 2001. The objective of this study
was to investigate reproduction and development of released Przewalski’s horses in
Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2006. Twenty-four descendants were naturally born, average
reproduction rate was 38.7%, and average survival rate of foals was 69.1% in this interim.
Frequent alternation of the leading stallion and infertility in female horses due to
environmental factors were main causes for the low reproduction rate. The infant mortality
rate of released Przewalski’s horses was 25.0%, and 83.3% of death in infants was due to
the leading stallion infanticide. The released Przewalski’s horses exhibited seasonal
breeding, 70.8% of infants were born in May and June. The fertility rates were 8.3% in
April and 37.5% in May, which were lower compared to those of the captive Przewalski’s
horse groups (18.3% and 44.3%, respectively). Furthermore, the fertility rate in June was
33.3% and higher than the captive groups (18.3%). These findings showed that the breeding
peak of the released Przewalski’s horse groups was later than the captive groups, and
suggested that the altered survival environment and food supplies were the main reasons
contributing to the delayed breeding peak. 相似文献
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Yuko TAJIMA Kaori MAEDA Tadasu K. YAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):45-51
One hundred and twenty
stranding events of Stejneger’s beaked whales were reported in Japan between 1999 and
2011. The purpose of this study is to introduce pathological data and to discuss probable
causes of death for 44 Stejneger’s beaked whales among them. The significant pathological
findings were the pulmonary edema, parasitic granulomatous nephritis, emaciation,
amyloidosis, suppurative bronchopneumonia and so on. The probable causes of death were
categorized as noninfectious in 43 of the cases, which included drowning, starvation and
secondary amyloidosis. One individual was diagnosed with septicemia, which was the only
example of an infectious disease. Because we could not always perform advanced analyses,
such as microbiology tests, biotoxin examinations or contaminant analyses, the finality of
our findings may be impaired. However, the present study has broad implications on the
causes of death of Stejneger’s beaked whales of the seas around Japan, which are valuable
for the future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases. 相似文献
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Mariko KUSE Hwa-Yong LEE Tomas J. ACOSTA Takuo HOJO Kiyoshi OKUDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):346-352
Cortisol (Cr), the most important glucocorticoid (GC), is well known to suppress uterine
prostaglandin F2α (PGF) production. However, the details of the regulatory mechanisms
controlling the cyclic changes in endometrial PGF production remain unclear. Here we
investigated the expression of the GC receptor (GC-Rα), the actions of cortisol throughout
the estrous cycle and the regulatory mechanism of GC-Rα in the bovine endometrium. The
levels of GC-Rα protein were greater at the mid-luteal stage (Days 8–12) than at the other
stages. Cr more strongly suppressed PGF production at the mid-luteal stage than at the
follicular stage. GC-Rα expression was increased by progesterone (P4) but decreased by
estradiol-17β (E2) in cultured endometrial stromal cells. The overall results suggest that
ovarian steroid hormones control the cyclic changes in endometrial PGF production by
regulating GC-Rα expression in bovine endometrial stromal cells. 相似文献
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Bhuminad DEVKOTA Masahiro TAKAHASHI Saori SATO Kouya SASAKI Atsushi UEKI Takeshi OSAWA Masahiro TAKAHASHI Norio YAMAGISHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):875-878
Blood samples were obtained sequentially from 10 dairy cows around the time of
parturition to assess plasma fluctuations in estradiol-17β (E2) levels in
association with those of several bone resorption markers. Plasma E2
concentration increased sharply a few days prepartum and decreased quickly after
parturition. In terms of bone resorption markers, the plasma level of tartrate-resistant
acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) rose significantly, commencing 1 week prepartum, and
was maintained at this level to a few days postpartum. The plasma concentration of
carboxyterminal collagen cross-links of type-I collagen (CTx) increased significantly
after parturition. These observations suggest that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was
activated after parturition when plasma E2 concentrations decreased. 相似文献
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Does Clinical Treatment with Phenylbutazone and Meloxicam in the Pre‐ovulatory Period Influence the Ovulation Rate in Mares?
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The presence of anovulatory haemorrhagic follicles during the oestrous cycle of mares causes financial impacts, slowing conception and increasing the number of services per pregnancy. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as meloxicam and phenylbutazone are used in the treatment of several disorders in mares, and these drugs can impair the formation of prostaglandins (PGs) and consequently interfere with reproductive activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with NSAIDs on the development of pre‐ovulatory follicles in mares. In total, 11 mares were studied over three consecutive oestrous cycles, and gynaecological and ultrasound examinations were performed every 12 h. When 32‐mm‐diameter follicles were detected, 1 mg of deslorelin was administered to induce ovulation. The first cycle was used as a control, and the mares received only a dose of deslorelin. In the subsequent cycles, in addition to receiving the same dose of deslorelin, each mare was treated with NSAIDs. In the second cycle, 4.4 mg/kg of phenylbutazone was administered, and in the third cycle, 0.6 mg/kg of meloxicam was administered once a day until ovulation or the beginning of follicular haemorrhage. All of the mares ovulated between 36 and 48 h after the induction in the control cycle. In the meloxicam cycle, 10 mares (92%) did not ovulate, while in the phenylbutazone cycle, nine mares (83%) did not ovulate. In both treatments, intrafollicular hyperechoic spots indicative of haemorrhagic follicles were observed on ultrasound. Thus, our results suggested that treatment with meloxicam and phenylbutazone at therapeutic doses induced intrafollicular haemorrhage and luteinization of anovulatory follicles. 相似文献
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Bartosz WOJCIECHOWICZ Genowefa KOTWICA Justyna KOLAKOWSKA Anita FRANCZAK 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(1):49-58
Steroid hormones are produced by the porcine uterus. We hypothesized that the uterus in
pigs possesses active 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4
isomerase (3β-HSD) responsible for progesterone and androstenedione production, that
uterine steroids may supplement the amount of steroid hormones produced by embryos and
corpus luteum and that these steroids are necessary for maintenance of pregnancy. In this
study, we examined 1) endometrial and myometrial expression of 3β-HSD
mRNA, 2) uterine 3β-HSD protein activity and 3) in vitro production of
A4 and P4 by uterine slices harvested from pigs on days 10 to 11,
12 to 13 and 15 to 16 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. The expression of
3β-HSD and the presence and activity of 3β-HSD protein were different
in the endometrium and the myometrium during the examined periods of pregnancy and the
estrous cycle. Production of A4 by the endometrium and myometrium was highest
on days 12 to 13 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. Endometrial secretion of
P4 did not differ in the course of early pregnancy and on the respective days
of the estrous cycle. The gravid myometrium was the highest source of P4 in
pregnant pigs on days 12 to 13. The release of P4 by the cyclic myometrium rose
during the examined days of the estrous cycle. The steroidogenic activity of the uterus,
as described in this study, may support early pregnancy or the luteal phase of the estrous
cycle in pigs. 相似文献
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Chunqiang WANG Chunjing LI Hongjiao LI Wei MA Shuxiong CHEN Yun ZHAO Jiahui RAO Xu ZHOU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1419-1425
Inhibins, as members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
superfamily, downregulate the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) in an endocrine manner. The role of inhibin/betaglycan in the ovary regulation
recently gained attention. To date, no data exist on the function of inhibin α subunit and
betaglycan in cystic follicles. In this study, the expressions of inhibin α subunit and
betaglycan in cystic follicles were investigated using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR
and Western blot analysis. Both inhibin α subunit and betaglycan immunoreactivities were
mainly localized in the granulosa cells of follicles. Expression of inhibin α subunit and
betaglycan was inferior in cystic follicles compared with that in normal large follicles.
However, the result of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed no significant difference
in the decreasing in concentration of inhibin α subunit in cystic follicular fluid
compared with the control (P>0.05). In this study, we explored the
effects of FSH on betaglycan expression in granulosa cells in vitro. As
expected, a significant increase in the expressions of betaglycan mRNA and protein in
granulosa cells was observed in response to exogenous FSH (30
ng/ml) (P<0.05) compared with the
control. Consequently, this study provides evidence that the expressions of inhibin α
subunit and betaglycan are inferior in cystic follicles, and this may be caused by the
decrease in FSH in the presence of a cystic follicle. 相似文献
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Monoclonal antibodies against Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin were tested for their suitability as specific markers of lymphatic vessels. The tissue samples were taken from horse skin in an attempt to establish the horse as a model for human lymphatic diseases. To obtain a clear, positive identification of blood and lymphatic vessels, immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and platelet endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1, CD31), was compared with Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin. Because anti-VEGFR-3 is specific for lymphatic vessels in the skin while anti-CD31 stains blood and lymphatic vessels as well, it can be concluded that VEGFR-3(-)/CD31(+) vessels are blood vessels and VEGFR-3(+)/CD31(+) vessels are lymphatic vessels. It was documented on serial sections that Plakoglobin stains both blood and lymphatic vessels. However, Desmoplakin did not stain several positively identified lymphatic vessels. Therefore, Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin antibodies are not specific markers of lymphatic vessels in the skin and the staining pattern is tissues and species dependent. 相似文献