Protective Effect of Stachybotrys microspora Triprenyl Phenol-7on the Deposition of IgA to the Glomerular Mesangium in Nivalenol-induced IgA Nephropathy Using BALB/c Mice

Activators of tissue proteolysis including Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)-7 are a new class of agents that are expected to be effective for amelioration of chronic tissue destructive diseases. The present study was performed to examine whether SMTP-7 is effective for the amelioration or protection of early-stage IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by nivalenol (NIV) in female BALB/c mice. In Experiment 1, mice were administered NIV at 24 ppm in diet for 8 weeks, and during the NIV treatment, they were intraperitoneally injected with SMTP-7 (10 mg/kg) three times a week. In Experiment 2, mice were injected similarly with SMTP-7 during the last 4 weeks of a 16-week NIV treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an inhibitory effect of SMTP-7 on the glomerular deposition of IgA in Experiment 1; however, it was ineffective in Experiment 2. On the other hand, SMTP-7 did not affect the serum concentration of IgA in both experiments. These results suggest that SMTP-7 has a potential to decrease the progression of IgAN induced by NIV through inhibition of local accumulation of IgA in the glomerular mesangium, while it was ineffective for suppression of IgA production. On the other hand, SMTP-7 was found to be ineffective for already deposited IgA, suggesting that SMTP-7 may not be effective for ameliorating advanced IgAN.     

牛膝多糖对小鼠免疫调节作用的研究进展

牛膝多糖是一种免疫调节剂,近年来倍受药理研究和临床应用的关注,本文就其对小鼠免疫调节作用及作用机制进行了综述,以期对其应用及进一步研究提供参考。     

BALB/C近交系裸鼠的染色体研究

用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术,以及G分带、C分带、银染带技术,对昆明种小鼠、BALB/C近交系小鼠、BALB/C近交系裸鼠的染色体组型、G分带带型、结构性异染色质的分布、18S+28S rDNA的定位和数目进行了比较分析。结果,三种鼠二倍体染色体数为40,均为端着丝点;裸鼠的第3号染色体有明显的浅染色区,15号染色体也有浅染色区;各种小鼠的G带带型基本一致,与已报道的小鼠标准G带带型基本相符;C带分析结果,昆明种小鼠所有常染色体管丝点区包括X染色体均有结构性异染色质的分布;呈大小不等的浓染,而体臂着色浅淡,仅Y染色体的着丝点及体臂呈均一深染,极易辨认,需BALB/C近交系小鼠的第1、7,18号染色体浓染点缩小。裸鼠第3号染色体浓染点很大,而第1、7、11号染色体浓染点缩小。银染分析显示昆明种小鼠Ag-NOR数目众数为7条,分布范围为3～8条。BALB/C近交系小鼠、裸鼠的Ag一NOR众数均为5条,分布范围为2～7条。     

亚硝酸盐中毒模型小鼠组织器官中VEGF的分布特点

为探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在小鼠亚硝酸盐中毒组织损伤中的作用,将20只小鼠随机分为对照组和亚硝酸盐中毒组,分别注射0.3mL的生理盐水和50g/L亚硝酸钠。中毒组小鼠死亡后,处死对照组小鼠,采取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑等组织,制作石蜡切片,进行HE染色和VEGF免疫组化染色,镜下观察组织病变以及VEGF蛋白的分布特点。结果显示,亚硝酸盐中毒可引起小鼠机体产生明显的缺氧症状,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等组织都有不同程度的病理损伤,主要表现为水肿和出血;各组织均观察到VEGF阳性信号,在出血病变区域阳性信号最为明显。说明亚硝酸盐中毒可造成机体各器官不同程度的病理损伤,并引起小鼠体内VEGF表达量的增加,VEGF对器官的病理变化有明显的促进作用。     

用小鼠模型模拟仔猪腹泻的可行性探索

仔猪腹泻给养猪业造成了很大的经济损失,若能用模式动物模拟这一现象,可以更好地研究其遗传机理,以便为抗病育种提供理论依据。本研究以模式动物-小鼠为实验动物,进行大肠杆菌F4和F18毒株腹腔注射攻毒实验和细菌与小肠黏膜上皮细胞的粘附实验。结果表明:虽然攻毒后的小鼠有腹泻现象,但在体外黏附实验中未观察到细菌和小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞的粘附发生,说明腹腔注射攻毒条件下小鼠细菌性腹泻的发生机理不是由于细菌和小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞的粘附所导致的,与仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的发生机理不同,因而用腹腔注射攻毒小鼠来模拟仔猪细菌性腹泻是不可行的。     

芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨芒柄花素对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。将100只昆明种小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组、免疫抑制组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组20只（雌雄各半）,采用灌胃法给药。试验期28 d,试验1~7 d,对照组小鼠灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水,其余各组小鼠均灌胃0.6 mL 40 μg/g体重环磷酰胺（CTX）;试验8~21 d,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠分别灌胃0.6 mL 50、150、250 μg/g体重芒柄花素溶液,空白对照组与免疫抑制组灌胃0.6 mL生理盐水。试验结束后,测定小鼠脏器指数（胸腺、脾脏）、血清溶血素及IL-2、IL-4含量。采用免疫组化法检测小鼠胸腺、脾脏CD3和CD20阳性淋巴细胞,肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞。结果表明,环磷酰胺可成功复制小鼠免疫抑制模型。不同剂量芒柄花素均能提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、血清溶血素及血清IL-2和IL-4含量,尤其当芒柄花素灌胃剂量为150 μg/g体重时效果最为明显,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。免疫组化分析结果显示,不同剂量芒柄花素均可提高免疫抑制小鼠胸腺和脾脏CD3阳性T淋巴细胞及CD20阳性B淋巴细胞数量,并促使肝脏CD68阳性KCs细胞增殖,也以试验Ⅱ组效果最显著,与免疫抑制组差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上,芒柄花素可促进小鼠相关淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子的释放,进而增强机体体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,并可明显促进肝脏固有吞噬细胞KCs增殖。     

守宫木对小鼠体重和脏器显微结构的影响

为研究守宫木对小鼠体重增长和脏器显微结构的影响，将试验小鼠分为高、中、低3个试验组和1个对照组；隔5 d称重1次，第30天处死动物进行组织病理学检测。结果表明，高剂量组小鼠体增重显著慢于低剂量组和对照组（P<0.05），低剂量组显著快于对照组（P<0.05）； 试验组小鼠肝脏和肺脏发生轻到中度病变。试验结果说明，守宫木对小鼠体重增长及组织器官显微结构均有一定的影响。     

守宫木对小鼠血液指标和脏器系数的影响

为了研究守宫木对小鼠血液指标和脏器系数的影响,将试验小鼠分为高、中、低3个试验组和1个对照组共4组;第30 d采血进行血液指标检测,处死动物进行脏器系数检测。结果发现,小鼠血清GOT和GPT活性低剂量组高于其他组,血清TP含量对照组高于试验组,血清Alb含量对照组雌性小鼠均高于试验组雌性小鼠,血清SOD活力试验组雄性小鼠均低于对照组雄性小鼠,血清MDA含量试验组雄性小鼠均高于对照组雄性小鼠,血清H₂O₂试验组小鼠均低于对照组;脑/体系数高剂量组显著高于其他组。表明守宫木对小鼠血液生化指标和自由基、脏器系数均有一定的影响。     

脱毒银合欢饲喂小白鼠的安全利用研究

选取平均体重18~21 g左右,雌雄各半的N IH系小白鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,进行5周饲养试验。A组为对照组,饲喂小白鼠基础日粮。B、C、D、E组为试验组,在小白鼠基础日粮上分别添加20%、30%的晒干银合欢叶粉和20%、30%经过1.2%F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉。试验结束时,全部扑杀,采血检查血常规血清,剖检,取下脏器称重,计算心、肝、脾、肺、肾的脏器系数。结果表明:所有银合欢叶粉替代部分基础日粮饲喂小白鼠,适口性好,小白鼠正常采食。用经过1.2%F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉替代20%的基础日粮饲喂小鼠,小白鼠在最后平均体重、平均日增重、料重比方面相近于对照组(P>0.05),优于用经过F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉替代30%的基础日粮组。各组的心、肝、脾、肺、肾系数之间无显著差异(P>0.05),内脏器官正常。B、C组的血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(W BC)与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。D、E组的血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(W BC)、淋巴细胞(LYM PH)与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(A ST)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雄性后代生殖毒性的研究

将妊娠母鼠随机分为高剂量(1／10LD50)、中剂量(1／50 LD50)、低剂量(1／250LD50)和溶剂对照组。高、中、低剂量染毒组和对照组母鼠分别于妊娠的9,11,13,15 d和17 d腹腔注射1.2,0.24,0.048 g／L的醋酸铅[Pb(CH3COO)2·3H20]溶液和灭茼蒸馏水0.01 mL／g。研究醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雄性后代的生长发育和生殖能力的影响。试验结果表明:①高剂量染毒母鼠带仔行为受到醋酸铅的显著影响;②各试验组后代公鼠体重增长变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);③各试验组公鼠的睾丸、附睾湿重及其与体重的比值均无明显差异(P>0.05);④各染毒组后代公鼠精子相对密度显著低于对照组(P<0.01);⑤各染毒组后代公鼠精子活力与对照组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑥高剂量和中剂量组后代公鼠精子畸形比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低剂量组则与对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑦备染毒组后代公鼠精子顶体形态异常率与对照组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。     

The Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Polysaccharides on the Antioxidant Function in Mice Injected With Cyclophosphamide

To investigate the antioxidant effects of the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides(CMP),90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, three experimental groups (CMP groups), model control group (CY group), blank control group (BC group) and positive control group (PC group). The mice in CMP and CY groups were given cyclophosphamide at 80 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection for 3 d. Then the CMP groups were administrated 17.5, 35.0 and 70.0 mg/(kg·BW) CMP via gavage, respectively, BC and CY groups were given physiological saline, and PC group was orally administered 70 mg/(kg·BW) CMP, lasting 18 d. At 24 h after the last administration, heart, liver and kidney were collected to measure the levels of MAD, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in the homogenate.SOD and TAOC activity of three CMP groups increased significantly (P<0.01), and the level of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with CY group. As for CAT activity of heart, the value in low-dose CMP group had no significant change (P>0.05), while in middle and high-dose groups had significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant(P<0.01) increase respectively. Except that the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased significantly (P<0.05) in low-dose CMP group, the rest values of GSH-Px activities in all CMP groups increased extremely significantly (P<0.01). The results indicated that CMP could effectively improve the antioxidant function of mice and had the potential to be a good resource of new antioxidant drugs.     

蛹虫草多糖对注射环磷酰胺小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在阐明蛹虫草多糖（CMP）对小鼠抗氧化活性的影响。选取90只雄性BALB/c小鼠,体重18~20 g,随机分为6组,3个CMP组（低、中、高CMP组）,模型对照组（CY组）、阳性对照组（PC组）及空白对照组（BC组）各1个。CMP组和CY组分别腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺,连续3 d,然后3个CMP组分别灌胃给予17.5、35.0、70.0 mg/kg体重的CMP,BC组和CY组给予生理盐水,PC组灌胃给予70 mg/kg体重的CMP,持续18 d。于最后一次给药24 h后,采集小鼠内脏,测定心脏、肝脏及肾脏匀浆液中T-AOC、MAD、CAT、SOD和GSH-Px水平。结果显示,与CY组相比,3个CMP处理组小鼠内脏匀浆液中的SOD和T-AOC活性均极显著增加（P<0.01）,MDA水平极显著降低（P<0.01）;低剂量CMP组心脏CAT无显著变化（P>0.05）,中、高剂量CMP组心脏CAT水平分别显著（P<0.05）、极显著（P<0.01）提高;除低剂量CMP组肝脏GSH-Px活性显著增加（P<0.05）外,其余CMP组内脏GSH-Px活性均极显著增加（P<0.01）。本试验中CMP可以有效提高小鼠心脏、肝脏及肾脏的抗氧化活性,这为抗氧化新药的研发提供了借鉴。     

醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雌性后代受精和胚胎发育毒性研究

将妊娠小鼠随机分为高剂量 (1 / 1 0LD50 )、中剂量 (1 / 50LD50 )、低剂量 (1 / 2 50LD50 )和溶剂对照组。高、中、低剂量染毒组和对照组小鼠分别于妊娠的 9,1 1 ,1 3,1 5d和 1 7d腹腔注射 1 .2 g/mL ,0 .2 4g/mL和 0 .0 48g/mL的醋酸铅 [Pb(CH3COO) 2 ·3H2 O]溶液和灭菌蒸馏水 ,注射量 0 .0 1mL/ g。研究醋酸铅对染毒妊娠小鼠雌性后代生长发育和卵母细胞受精、受精卵卵裂及早期胚胎发育的影响。试验结果表明 :①各组后代母鼠断奶后体重变化规律类似 ,试验结束时各组小鼠平均体重无统计学差异(P >0 .0 5) ;②各染毒组后代母鼠受精卵比率极显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;③染毒组后代母鼠早期胚胎发育受到显著影响 ,主要表现为回收胚胎中正常发育为囊胚的比例显著降低(P <0 .0 1 ) ,同时发育延迟胚及退化变性胚的综合比例显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 )。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

本研究旨在探究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(H9N2 AIV)感染对小鼠肠道菌群的影响.选用24只SPF级BALB/c雄性小鼠,随机平均分为对照组和感染组,对照组小鼠鼻腔接种正常尿囊液,感染组小鼠鼻腔接种含有1.2×105 PFU H9N2 AIV的尿囊液.收集对照组小鼠在第0、33天和感染组小鼠在感染后第4、8、21和33...     

大豆凝集素与大鼠和小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞结合规律的研究

试验分别选择怀孕的6只SD大鼠和ICR小鼠,单笼饲养。仔鼠于分娩后19日龄断奶,在仔鼠第1、7、14、21、28日龄和第35日龄时分别从6窝仔鼠中每窝随机取1只,每个日龄6只,屠宰后取十二指肠、空肠和回肠制作石蜡切片,免疫组化染色后用图像分析仪检测其阳性染色物的光密度值。结果表明:大鼠和小鼠呈现相似的结合规律,大豆凝集素在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的结合没有显著差异,但不同日龄之间大豆凝集素的结合程度差异极显著(P<0.01)。在大鼠和小鼠出生时结合程度很低,然后逐渐增加,28日龄时达到最高。     

Bone marrow lesions of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone are common and not always related to lameness in sports and pleasure horses

The metacarpophalangeal joint is a common site of pain in horses. Little information is available about bone marrow lesions in the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone in sports and pleasure horses. Aims of this prospective, retrospective, observational study were to evaluate the prevalence of bone marrow lesions in the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone, to describe their anatomic distribution and to correlate lesions with the presence of lameness and the level and type of activity. All sports and pleasure horses undergoing standing low‐field MRI of the front fetlock region between 2009 and 2016 were included and divided into three lameness groups according to the results of diagnostic analgesia. Bone marrow lesions were analyzed and graded by one reader. Grades were compared between anatomical locations and between lameness groups. A total of 166 horses were sampled. The prevalence of bone marrow lesions was 76.5% (127/166). The dorsal aspects of the medial condyle (31%, 39/127) and of the sagittal ridge (28%, 36/127) were the most commonly affected locations. There was no significant difference between both forelimbs (lame limb and non‐lame limb) of the same horse. Lesion severity was neither significantly associated with the lameness group nor with the type or level of activity. The prevalence of bone marrow lesions in the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone is high in this population and the clinical significance is not always clear. Further studies are required to elucidate the clinical significance of this finding in sports and pleasure horses.     

中药防黄对免疫抑制小鼠脾脏免疫水平影响的研究

目的:观察中药复方防黄水煎剂对环磷酰胺(CY)所致免疫功能低下小鼠脾脏指数及脾脏DNA含量的影响。方法:利用环磷酰胺进行腹腔注射造成免疫功能低下模型,采用称重法、紫外吸收光谱法测定小鼠脾脏指数及脾脏DNA含量。结果:经灌胃给予中药复方防黄水煎剂11d后,经环磷酰胺诱发的免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数和脾脏DNA含量明显提高,表明中药复方防黄可有效的拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠的免疫抑制,提高小鼠脾脏免疫功能。     

引领行业发展保障食品安全---第二届兽药大会札记

第二届中国兽药大会在南京召开。与会领导总结我国兽医事业取得成果,探讨兽医行业发展规划,明确兽药行业发展目标。多位专家分别就猪病、禽病防控,兽药新技术作了专题报告。大会还邀请国际专家介绍国外兽药管理情况。     

三种中药及绿茶对烟焦油引起的小鼠肝ANDM和GST活性变化的影响

通过烟焦油对小鼠肝微粒体ANDM和GST的作用,探讨甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶的抗烟毒作用。采用钙沉淀法制备肝微粒体,Lowry法测定蛋白含量并测定小鼠肝微粒体中的ANDM、GST活性水平。结果表明,2%LD50(0.01 g/kg)的烟焦油可使小鼠肝脏中ANDM显著升高,对GST的影响不明显,经统计学检验差异无显著性(P>0.05)。大剂量甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶组可使焦油升高的ANDM明显降低,并明显升高GST活性,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P<0.01)。说明甘草、黄芪、五味子及绿茶有明显的抗烟毒作用。     

The failure of the oesophageal groove reflex,when fluids are given with an oesophageal feeder to newborn and young calves

The fate of colostrum and other fluids given with an oesophageal feeder was studied in newborn calves and in young calves up to 3 weeks by means of radiological techniques. Any fluid given with an oesophageal feeder was found in the forestomachs, since it apparently did not induce an oesophageal groove reflex. Also when suckling was induced during feeding with the oesophageal feeder, the oesophageal groove reflex did not occur. The outflow of colostrum and other fluids from the forestomachs to the abomasum and small intestine occurred for the most part within 3 hours. Only the emptying of the ventral ruminal sac was sometimes delayed for 24 or 48 hours.

The results obtained in calves up to 3 weeks old did not differ from those obtained in newborn calves.

It was concluded that although colostrum given by oesophageal feeder entered the forestomachs, the rapid flow to the abomasum and small intestine created the conditions for a sufficient absorption of immunoglobulins. Application of colostrum with an oesophageal feeder in newborn calves promises to be a timesaving and effective method for creating an optimum passive immunity of the calves.