大鼠肺鳞癌模型的建立

探讨和构建Wistar大鼠肺癌的动物模型,以了解肺癌发生发展的过程.采用Wistar大鼠68只,其中试验组60只大鼠(A组30只:三甲基胆蒽(MCA) 5 mg～7 mg,二乙基亚硝胺(DEN) 0.02 mL;B组30只:MCA 7.5 mg～9.5 mg,DEN 0.03 mL),左肺下叶支气管灌注含MCA和DEN的碘油溶液0.1 mL;另8只灌注0.1 mL碘油,作为对照组.试验的3月和6月末分别进行X线检测,发现3月末已有肺部阴影,6月末有50%出现明显的肺部阴影.组织学观察发现1月末已出现肺部原位癌和早期浸润癌;6月末48只发生癌变,致癌率为80%,癌变的Wistar大鼠肺标本中有多个阶段病变共存;共获取支气管黏膜上皮增生44例,不典型增生29例(含鳞状化生7例),原位癌18例,侵袭癌19例,转移癌11例.结果表明,一次性支气管灌注MCA和DEN可引起大鼠肺鳞癌的发生,并获得癌发生过程中各个阶段的标本,该疾病模型为人类肺癌发生机制的研究提供了基础依据.     

大鼠亚慢性镉中毒模型的建立

为建立一种安全、简便和可靠的雄性大鼠亚慢性镉中毒模型,选取30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分组后,每天分别用含1.25、2.5、5和10 mg/kg剂量的CdCl2溶液灌胃,研究镉离子在不同处理时间对雄性大鼠肝脏和肾脏的损伤情况.结果显示,大鼠血液和肝肾中的镉含量及血清中的尿素浓度与镉离子呈剂量效应关系.染镉56 d后,...     

脂多糖诱导哺乳期SD大鼠乳腺炎模型的建立

本试验旨在建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导哺乳期SD大鼠乳腺炎病理模型,为后续治疗乳腺炎的深入研究奠定基础。SD大鼠30只,于产后72h随机分为对照组(5只)和试验组(25只),试验组随机分为5组,各试验组大鼠经第4对乳头灌注LPS,剂量分别为10、20、30、40、50μg/侧,对照组灌注等量PBS。灌注后24h观察记录各大鼠临床症状、乳腺组织病理学变化。结果发现,在各试验组大鼠第4对乳腺均可观察到不同程度的炎症反应,且与LPS剂量呈正比例关系。结果表明,成功建立了LPS诱导哺乳期SD大鼠乳腺炎模型。     

Establishment of a syngeneic orthotopic model of prostate cancer in immunocompetent rats

We previously established 3 cell lines (PLS10, PLS20 and PLS30) from a chemically-induced prostate carcinoma in F344 rats, and demonstrated high potential for metastasis in nude mice. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of establishing an orthotopic model using the 3 rat prostate cancer cell lines in immunocompetent rats with the aim of resolving species-mismatch problems and defects of immune systems. The PLS10, PLS20 and PLS30 cell lines were injected into the ventral prostates of 6-week-old rats, which were then sacrificed at experimental weeks 4 and 8. Tumor mass formation was found in rats with PLS10, but not in those with PLS20 or PLS30. Additionally, metastatic carcinomas could be detected in lymph nodes and lungs of PLS10-inoculated rats. Genetic analysis demonstrated K-ras gene mutations in PLS10 and PLS20, but not in PLS30 cells. There were no mutations in p53 and KLF6. In conclusion, we established a syngeneic orthotopic model for prostate cancer in immunocompetent rats simulating human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which should prove useful for development and validation of therapeutic agents, especially with immunotherapy.     

二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌模型的建立及其应用

用二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌模型，通过病理学与影像学进行对照检查，证实成功诱发出肝癌病灶模型，并具有人相象的病变过程及病理学变化特征，同时具有人肝癌相似的影像学表现，是一种研究人类肝癌的理想动物模型。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血后适应动物模型的建立与评估

试验旨在从方法学的角度比较3种有脑保护效应的大鼠局灶性脑缺血后适应(ischemic postconditioning,IPOC)模型的成功率、稳定性及其保护作用,以期为IPOC机制的研究建立良好的动物模型。将SD大鼠随机分为模型1组(开颅电凝大脑中动脉+双侧颈总动脉夹闭30 min)、模型2组(线栓法大脑中动脉阻塞60 min)、模型3组(线栓法大脑中动脉阻塞100 min),3个组再按假手术组、缺血再灌组及缺血后处理组各分为3个亚组,计9组,每亚组10只,分别在灌注2和24 h后进行神经功能缺损评分;在灌注24 h后取大脑进行2,3,5-3氯4氮唑(TTC)染色确定脑梗死体积百分比,并进行统计学分析;比较3种模型后处理后大鼠脑梗死体积的变异系数。结果显示,3种大鼠模型均呈现了不同程度的神经功能缺损体征,且IPOC均不同程度的降低脑梗死体积,改善了神经功能缺损评分,其中电凝法缺血30 min时建模的成功率最高。电凝法缺血30 min后适应模型脑梗死体积下降42.9%;线栓法缺血60 min后适应模型脑梗死体积下降15.9%;线栓法缺血100 min后适应模型脑梗死体积下降33.4%。电凝法缺血30 min后适应模型脑梗死体积的变异系数最低。开颅电凝法缺血30 min再灌30 s/缺血10 s,反复3次的IPOC模型不仅保护作用强,而且模型成功率高、稳定性好,可作为研究IPOC机制较好的动物模型。     

放射性肺纤维化大鼠动物模型的建立及其病变规律

用 60 Coγ射线对二级雌性 Wistar大鼠 (体重 ( 2 2 0± 2 0 ) g) 2 2 3只进行 30 Gy全胸单次照射 ,其中照射野为 4 .5cm× 4 .0 cm,照距为 3m,剂量率为 2 .7Gy/ min。分别于照后 3、7、1 4、2 1、2 8、4 2、56、70、90、1 80、2 70、36 5d共 1 2个时间点进行了取材观察。结果表明 ,肺脏病变初期呈急性变化 ,以后转为亚急性或慢性进行性发展过程 ,可大致分为 2个阶段 4个期。早期即急性炎症期或渗出期 ,中期为增生期 ,这 2期合为疾病的第 1阶段 ,称为放射性肺炎。后期即纤维化期 ,晚期即胶原化期 ,这 2期共同构成本病的第 2个阶段 ,称为进行性间质纤维化阶段     

阿司匹林诱导大鼠肠道损伤模型的构建

本试验旨在建立阿司匹林诱导的大鼠肠道损伤模型。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用6周龄SD大鼠18只,经过7 d的适应性饲养后随机分为3个组,每组6只,单笼饲喂。模型1组和模型2组阿司匹林的灌胃剂量分别为50和200 mg/kg,空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,持续灌胃14 d。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,灌服50 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、血清白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)含量、肠道黏膜分泌性免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量、肠道绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),但对肝脏指数、脾脏指数和血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性没有显著影响(P>0.05);灌服200 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、肝脏指数、血清IL⁃2含量与LZM活性、肠道黏膜sIgA含量、肠道绒毛高度和隐窝深度及二者的比值(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,采用200 mg/kg剂量的阿司匹林连续灌胃14 d可以成功建立大鼠的肠道损伤模型。     

禽呼肠孤病毒动物感染模型的建立简

The infection model of avian reovirus in chicken was established, which layed the ground for vaccine efficacy test.The 49-day-old chickens were inoculated with 10^2.0, 10^3.0, 10^3.5, 10^4.5and 10^5.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL of two strains of ARV, T98 and AV2311, respectively, in foot pad inoculation method. Clinical signs were observed ten days and recorded daily. 6 days after inoculation, serum samples were taken. 10 days after inoculation, chickens were sacrificed for necropsy. Serum antibody was detected by ELISA. The results indicated that the morbidity of 10^5.5and 10^4.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL were 100%, and the foot pads of chicken were swelled severely, which were dark red or purple. Symptoms of AV2311 set was a bit lighter than that of T98 strain. The morbidity of 10^3.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL was 90% and the morbidity of 10^3.0and 10^2.0 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL were 80%. The ELISA result indicated that only the serum efficacy of 10^4.5and 10^5.5 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL set of two strains of ARV were positive.The experiment proved that the virulence of ARV T98 strain was strong, and had good immunogenicity. The best inoculated dose of ARV T98 strain was 10^4.0 ELD₅₀/0.2 mL, which provided the important basis for researching the quality standard of chicken viral arthrilis vaccine.     

四氯化碳诱导家兔肝纤维化模型的建立

采用腹腔注射四氯化碳诱导家兔肝发生纤维化的方法 ,建立家兔肝纤维化动物模型。结果表明 ,以 3 0 ,60 ,90 d观察 ,家兔肝纤维化程度随造模时间的延长而增加。与空白对照组比较 ,3 0 d见汇管区纤维增多 ,少量炎症细胞浸润 ,肝细胞水样变性。 60 d肝小叶中央静脉周围肝细胞肿胀 ,汇管区范围增大 ,成纤维细胞增生 ,小叶周围肝细胞形态基本正常。 90 d超声显示肝脏回声增强、光点增粗 ,血流阻力相对增加(P <0 .0 5) ;组织学显示汇管区内成纤维细胞大量增生 ,中央静脉周围纤维化 ,可见胶原纤维束向小叶内延伸。提示长期给予四氯化碳可诱导家兔肝纤维化形成 ,其病理变化具有阶段性。90 d肝纤维化形成稳定 ,与人的肝纤维化接近     

山羊隐孢子虫病实验模型的建立

对 1日龄羔羊通过口腔接种 1× 1 0 6个卵囊 ,3 d后粪检开始出现卵囊 ,6～ 9d达高峰 ,1 4日龄停止 ,腹泻同卵囊排出呈正相关。病原学和病理学检查均说明通过口服接种卵囊成功地建立了反刍兽隐孢子虫病动物模型     

小鼠病毒性肝炎模型的建立

为了建立病毒性肝炎小鼠模型,将103．875 TCID50／mL 小鼠肝炎病毒 A59（MHV-A59）经腹腔注入封闭群 NIH 小鼠体内,测定小鼠血清 ALT、AST、TP、ALB 含量等指标,并对肝脏组织病理学进行观察。结果表明,小鼠感染 MHV-A59后,约30％存活,肝脏组织呈现持续炎性改变,血清 ALT、AST 升高而 TP、ALB 有所下降。这些指标与人类病毒性肝炎的临床指标极为相似,可作为病毒性肝炎药物研究的比较理想的动物模型。     

大鼠慢性心力衰竭模型心电图分析

为探讨大鼠心电图(ECG)在评价大鼠慢性心力衰竭(CHF)模型中的意义,以SD大鼠36只随机分为2组,模型组24只,正常组12只.模型组采用阿霉素诱导法复制CHF大鼠模型.记录标准肢体Ⅱ导联ECG,并用心脏系数和心肌病理学检查验证.结果显示,模型组大鼠ECG典型改变为ST段凸面向上抬高(电压约升高0.12mV)和T波高...     

SD大鼠2型糖尿病动物模型的建立及胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达

[目的]链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）结合高糖高脂饮食诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,检测体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA表达的变化。[方法]30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组（20只）、空白组（10只）。模型组喂饲高糖高脂饲料4周后,用STZ 30mg/（kg·bw）一次性左下腹腔注射。检测注射STZ后第1周、第4周、第8周、第12周空腹体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数等指标,进行统计分析。剖杀大鼠,取胰腺,RT-PCR方法检测胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达。[结果]动物成模率为75%。注射STZ后1、4、8、12周,模型组血糖值均明显升高,与空白组比较,P〈0.01;ISI均明显降低,与空白组比较,P〈0.01。模型组SUR1 mRNA表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]STZ一次性左下腹腔注射结合高糖高脂饮食可成功诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。SUR1 mRNA的降低可能是糖尿病发病的分子机制之一。     

猪油酸-急性肺损伤模型的建立

试验以猪为试验对象建立油酸-急性肺损伤模型。对油酸的注射剂量、宰杀方式进行比较优选;然后选取12头50日龄的猪,随机分为对照组和油酸组;处理后观察猪的呼吸状况,并在处理后不同时相点（1、3和6 h）宰杀猪,对肺组织的结构变化和肺含水量进行观察分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,注射适量油酸后,猪呼吸方式由胸腹式呼吸变为急促的腹式呼吸,呼吸频率明显升高;在注射后的3个时相点剖检发现,油酸组猪的肺组织出现典型急性肺损伤的病理形态。因此,在本试验条件下,以0.05 ml/kg体重,少量分次,耳静脉注射油酸成功建立了油酸-急性肺损伤模型,为进一步开展有关猪肺损伤及肺免疫防御的研究奠定了基础。     

A 4-week Repeated Dose Toxicity Study of Glycine in Rats by Gavage Administration

In order to examine the toxicity profile of glycine, an authorized food additive, a solution of glycine in water for injection was administered orally (via gavage) to male SD rats (Crl:CD(SD)) once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day in a volume of 10 mL/kg. Control animals received vehicle only. No animals died, and no glycine-related changes were observed in body weight, food consumption, water consumption, hematology, organ weight, gross pathological examination or histopathological examination. In urinalysis, daily urinary volume and urinary Cl excretion were significantly higher in the 2000 mg/kg/day dose group, and urine pH and urinary protein showed lower trends in the glycine-treated groups. However, these changes were considered to be of little toxicological significance, because there were no histopathological changes in the kidneys or urinary bladder and no changes in other urinary parameters. As regards blood chemistry, phospholipids were significantly higher in the 2000 mg/kg/day dose group. However, the increase was small and was not considered to be toxicologically significant. In conclusion, none of the animals in any of the glycine-treated groups showed changes that were considered toxicologically significant. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of glycine was estimated to be at least 2000 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study.     

Dose-dependent Response to an Intratesticular Injection of Calcium Chloride for Induction of Chemosterilization in Adult Albino Rats

This study concerned the minimum and optimum effective doses of calcium chloride needed for induction of chemosterilization in male albino rats, 30 days after a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl₂.2H₂O) solution at 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg per 100 g body weight per testis. There was a significant diminution in the relative wet weight of the sex organs (p<0.01), epididymal sperm count (p<0.001), plasma concentration of testosterone (p<0.01), testicular activities of D,3-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (D,3-HSD), 17-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) (p<0.01), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (p<0.01), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.01), and peroxidase (p<0.01), significant elevations in testicular content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (p<0.01), along with derangement of seminiferous tubular architecture and degeneration of the Leydig cells in the testis and elevations in the concentrations in the plasma of LH and FSH (p<0.01), commencing at a dose of 5 mg, with the greatest effects at a dose of 20 mg. No significant alterations in these factors occurred at the dose of 2.5 mg in comparison to the control that received only the vehicle. There was no significant alteration in the plasma concentrations of prolactin (p>0.05), corticosterone (p>0.05) or fasting blood glucose or in the rectal temperature (p>0.05) at any of the doses relative to the control group, suggesting that this chemosterilizing procedure did not exert any chronic stress on the experimental animals. From these observations, it may be suggested that 5 mg should be considered as the minimum dose, and 10 mg or 20 mg as the optimum dose, whereas 2.5 mg was ineffective for induction of chemosterilization. There would seem to be little point in using more than 20 mg of calcium chloride for this purpose. Intratesticular injection of calcium chloride at an effective dose may be considered as an alternative to surgical castration.     

猪链球菌2型感染普通仔猪模型的建立及其病理学观察

试验采用普通长白系仔猪建立猪链球菌2型动物模型,并进行详细的病理学观察。将8头仔猪随机分为试验组和对照组,用猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种试验组,对照组接种生理盐水2 mL/头。攻毒猪5 d内全部死亡, 主要表现为脑膜炎、心外膜炎、关节炎和败血症等典型症状和病理变化,与自然感染情况相似。从感染死亡猪肺、脾、肝、心中均分离到与攻毒菌株相同的细菌。证明猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种普通长白系仔猪可以复制出典型病例,成功建立了动物模型,对SS2致病性研究具有重要意义。     

灌胃染镉对大鼠体内某些酶的影响及镉的器官分布

30只成年雌性SD大鼠，等分为5组，Ⅰ至Ⅳ组灌胃馀服分别含0、0.2、1.0、2.0mg镉（Cd）的氯化镉溶液1mL／只，每日1次，持续10d；Ⅴ组灌镉剂量与Ⅳ组相同，持续时间为30d。结果发现，染镉组（Ⅱ－Ⅳ组）：血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和精氨酸酶（ARG）活力明显升高（P＜0.05），但ALT活力升高剂量－效在系不规律；肝匀浆ALT活力明显下降（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）活力显著下降（P＜0.05），肝匀浆中GSH－Px的活力也下降；心、肝、肾中Cd的含量无意产加，蓄积量与灌服剂量呈正相关（r值分别为0.9384、0.9687和0.9379）。Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组比较，随时间延长，心、肝、肾中Cd蓄积量均明显增加，且肾较肝增加更显著，结论认为，灌胃染镉对大鼠的生长有障碍作用，镉可以明显地抑制SH－Px的活力，降低机体组织的抗氧化能力，引起肝等实质细胞的损伤；血浆ARG的活力可以作为哺乳动物急性镉暴露的一个辅助性监测指标；由于损伤性泄漏和直接的抑制同时存在，以血浆中ALT的活力来评价镉对实质器官的损害应十分慎重。     

以 Balb／c 小鼠为动物模型的 PCV-2疫苗效力检验方法的建立

为建立以Balb／c小鼠为动物模型的 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验方法,选取4周龄 SPF级雌性Balb／c 小鼠20只,随机分成4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,每组5只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别背部皮下1点,背部皮下2点和背部皮下、腿部肌肉2点接种 PCV-2疫苗0．1、0．2、0．2 mL／只,Ⅳ组空白对照组不接种;各免疫组分别于首免疫后7、14、21 d 加强免疫一次,免疫后7、10、14、21、28、35、42 d 采血分离血清,用 ELISA 方法测定PCV-2特异性抗体,确定最佳免疫途径和免疫剂量。另选取4周龄 SPF 级雌性 Balb／c 小鼠,随机分成免疫组、攻毒对照组和健康对照组,免疫组和攻毒对照组于二免后14 d 用 PCV-2强毒株进行攻毒,比较各试验组小鼠在临床症状、病理变化、相对日增重、PCV-2核酸载量等方面差异性,确定小鼠动物模型检测指标。抗体测定表明,一免背部皮下、腿部肌肉2点免疫0．2 mL／只,间隔21 d 加强免疫为最佳免疫程序,免疫后35 d 抗体水平达到峰值,显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组。对照组小鼠免疫攻毒后出现消瘦、被毛凌乱、精神紧张等临床症状,淋巴结肿胀、出血、肺脏出血等病理变化,相对日增重显著降低,PCV-2核酸载量差异在103以上等临床变化。本研究以 Balb／c 小鼠为动物模型建立了 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验方法,优化了小鼠免疫途径及剂量,确定了相应的检测指标及技术参数,为 PCV-2疫苗免疫效力检验奠定了基础。