苗期寄主配置对印度檀香幼苗生长影响的研究

The effects of pot host (Kuhnia rosmarinifolia) configuration on the growth of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedlings were studied by container culture experiment using split plot design. ANOVA results showed that the configuration time of pot host affected the height (p<0.001), ground diameter (p=0.038), biomass (p=0.039) as well as haustoria amount (p=0.016) of S. album seedlings significantly after 5 months’ growth, while statistically differences were not found for the quality index (p=0.120). The amount of K. rosmarinifolia as well as the interaction between amount and configuration time did not show significant differences on the above indices. Earlier configuration of the pot host was good for the growth of S. album, and it was the best when disposing the pot host in the same time with the transplantation of S. album seedlings from seed bed to containers. In consideration of nursery practices, the ideal pot host amount was 2 or 3, under such a configuration model, the growth of S. album seedlings achieved the best performance for most indices, including an average height of 29.43 cm, an average ground diameter of 0.41cm, an average biomass of 3.06 g, an average haustoria number of 151, and an average quality index of 0.402 after 5 months growth.     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

裳凤蝶污斑亚种的生物学与规模化饲养的初步研究

The largest and most precious Chinese butterfly Troides helena spilotia Rothschild is occurring all year round with overlapping 6 generations in Hainan Jianfengling forest each year. The appropriate growth temperature for it is 25－30 ℃, and the humidity is 70%－80%. Large-scale artificial breeding of Troides helena spilotia Rothschild need to comply with the requirements of their breeding rooms by planting host plants for their eggs. Dilution of the concentration of honey and water is 10%－15% in summer and 5% in winter; the eggs should be moisturizing when collecting indoor and outdoor. The larvae should be transferred to the host plants planted in the field with net bags; and transfer them to different host plants timely according to their instars and food intake; the indoor population density should be controlled. Due to the 4－5 instars larvae will ingest a great deal of food, they need to be fed 3 times a day in the morning, afternoon and the evening. The ways to suspend the pupa when feeding indoor and outdoor vary according to the breeding facilities. The pupa should be collected and put in the emergence room and hung them up according to their natural shape. The suitable temperature for it is 25－28 ℃, and humidity is 60%－80%.     

马占相思扦插繁殖技术研究

Effects of substrates, type of auxin, treatment concentration and time on rooting ability of Acacia mangium were systematically studied, and the change trend of rooting ability over time were analyzed. The results obtained from the experiment indicated that the substrate of yellow subsoil could improve the rooting rate of the cuttings significantly. IBA was superior to other auxins in increase the number of mean roots and the longest root length. And general rooting effect for different treatments was evaluated based on subordinate function values analysis. The optimized combinations were the cutting treated by IBA 400 mg·L^-1 soaked for 2 hours. Callus were occurred in 5 d after cutting, and higher rooting period occurred in 10—15 d and 25—30 d after cutting.     

不同经营措施条件下泡桐幼林抗冰灾能力分析

Investigation was conducted to analyze the effect of management measures such as trunk cutting and fertilization on frost resistant capability of young paulownia (Paulownia sp. ) plantation which had been undergone heavy frost damage in early 2008 in southern China. Experimental sites were located in the Paulownia fortunei forest consisting of 2-poplar clonal plantations in Chaling County. Paulownia fortunei, treated by root planting, trunk cutting and fertilization was called 2B; the contrast was called 1B. The results showed that the tree height, DBH, height under branch and lateral branch diameter in 2B were, respectively, 19.19%, 11.36%, 180% and 13.8% higher than those in 1B. The number of lateral branches in 1B was 2.8 times that in 2B. The icicle pressure beared by 2B was only 60.21% of that in 1B. There was nearly no potential damage in the 9treatment plot with 98% of the plants in the freeze injury grade I. In contrast, 50% and 36% of the plants in the control plot were observed, respectively, in freeze injury grades II and Ⅲ. Based on the present investigation, it can to be concluded that the applied management measures are effective in enhancing the resistant capability of young poplar plantations to frost damage.     

转基因多抗杨3号新品种选育

Populus euramericana‘MR3’is a transgenic clone transformed with five foreign genes (JERF36, SacB, vgb, and BtCry3A+ OC-1) via genetic engineering approach using Populus ×euramericana‘Guariento’as the receptor. This variety inherits the features of fast-growing and broad adaptation that the receptor possessed and further enhances the tolerance to various stresses including drought, salt, flooding, and insects feeding. The experiments in greenhouse for stress tolerance assays indicated that the expression of foreign genes led to improved tolerance to drought, salt, flooding, and insects (mainly Plagiodera versicolora). Field trial in an area with salinized soil in Shandong Province showed a 7.77% increase in stem volume than that of the control clones of 5-year-old saplings. Another field trial at Linghai in Liaoning Province indicated a 15.41% increase in stem volume than that of the control clones of 2-year-old. In the experiments in greenhouse, laboratory, and field, the P. euramericana‘MR3’showed enhanced characteristics such as fast-growing, higher tolerance to drought, salt, insects, and flooding stress, and is expected to be one of the ideal new poplar varieties for wood industry and ecosystem conservation in North China.     

鹅掌楸Genomic-SSR反应体系优化

The optimization of the Genomic-SSR reaction system is a basic protocol when the Genomic-SSR is used for genetic analysis in Liriodendron. The concentrations of Mg²⁺, dNTP, Primer and rTaq were tested by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment and single factor gradient experiment to gain the optimal reaction system. The results indicated that the optimal reaction system should contain 75 ng of genomic DNA, 1 μL of 10×buffer, 0.4 μL of 10 mmol·L^-1 dNTP, 0.75 μL of 2.5 mmol·L^-1 MgCl₂, 0.25μL of 10 μmol·L^-1 Primer, 0.05 μL of 5 U rTaq and final volume of 10μL. Repeated trials and two verification tests showed that this optimal reaction system was stable, reliable, efficient and suitable for the applications of Genomic-SSR in Liriodendron population genetics and quantitative genetics research.     

农杆菌介导的SeNHX1基因转化月季愈伤组织的研究

Pink Peace’rose was used to study the optimum conditions for transferring the SeNHX1 gene into the callus. The results showed that the optimal medium was MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg·L^-1 + TDZ 0.5 mg·L^-1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was able to take the target gene into callus and the blue spots were found. The optimum conditions for the transient expression of gusA gene are as following: bacterium density of OD was 0.5, infection time was 20 min, culture time was 3 days. Adding 100 μmol·L^-1 AS, the frequency of transient expression of GUS gene was the highest, which reached about 85% in present study.     

牡丹‘乌龙捧盛’组培苗生根及生根解剖学研究

The tissue-cultured seedlings of tree peony ‘Wulong Pengsheng’ were used to study the effects of different plant growth regulators, culture methods, and holdfast on rooting. The morphological structure change during rooting was also observed using the method of paraffin section. The result showed that the best combination of plant growth regulators for rooting was IBA 3.0 mg·L^-1 + NAA 0.6 mg·L^-1. The treatment under the temperature of 4℃ for ten days was benefit to rooting, and the rate could reach 75.67%. It was identified that the adventitious root primordia of shoot in vitro originated from the vascular cambium cells, especially, the cross areas of cambium and pith ray and they started to differentiate at the 5th day and lasted to the 12th day. If the shoots were cultured in the root inducing medium for 12 days, it would lead to not only descend of rooting rate, but also showing callus of stem base, and leaf senescent. However, if they were transferred into the medium without hormone in time, the root primordial protruded the epidermis and developed normally after 5 days’ culture.     

不同品种油茶嫁接苗根系生长动态研究

The growth dynamics of root system and aboveground of the grafted seedlings of different Camellia oleifera cultivars are studied by skeleton method and root scanning. The results of 8-months’ observation on grafted seedlings of 5 C. oleifera cultivars showed that: the growth of aerial parts and root of the C. oleifera seedlings were not entirely in sync, during the time of low temperature from November to February, the root system still in sustained growth though the aerial parts of the 5 cultivars grew slowly. Remarkable differences were existed in root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass and other indicators after 11-months’ growth. The mean value of total length of root-system was up to 243.3 cm and 143.4 cm for the minimum, the mean value of total root surface area was up to 50.2 cm² and 31.7 cm² for the minimum, the mean value of root volume of the C. oleifera seedlings was up to 0.843 cm³ and 0.578 cm³ for the minimum which lived 11 months after grafting. All the root length, root surface area, root volume of the 5 cultivars have remarkable differences.     

川硬皮肿腿蜂与中华甲虫蒲螨协同防治天牛类蛀干害虫技术研究

根据川硬皮肿腿蜂(Scleroderma scichuanensis Xiao)和中华甲虫蒲螨(Pyemotes zhonghuajia)的作用特点和优势,主要以协同防治天牛类蛀干害虫为例,进行野外释放及防效研究。结果表明:川硬皮肿腿蜂和中华甲虫蒲螨对天牛均有控制作用,两者的交互作用,平均寄生率为52.8%,虫口减退率为54.62%,防治效果均优于农药;二者作用时期不同,蒲螨对低龄幼虫寄生率高,肿腿蜂对中高龄幼虫寄生率高。在防治时,应根据两者的作用特点和优势,在不同时间(龄期)进行2种天敌的先后释放可达到较高的寄生率和虫口减退率。     

沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫危害特性和空间格局研究

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica Krasch.)为菊科蒿属半灌木,具有耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗风蚀、喜沙埋、结实丰富、采种容易、生长迅速、固沙作用强等特点,是我国重要的荒漠灌木林植物,在荒漠化防治中具有特殊的重要作用。近年来,由于生态环境的改变,灾害性天气频发,我国内蒙古、宁夏、陕西等地的油蒿灌丛内     

一种新的白蜡虫寄生蜂体内Wolbachia的wsp基因分子检测及序列分析

采用Wolbachia的通用引物、A大组和B大组的特异性引物对一种新的白蜡虫寄生蜂--长尾啮小蜂(Aprostocetus sp.)体内Wolbachia的wsp基因进行分子检测,所获得的基因片段分别命名为wApr、wAprB和wAprB,长度分别为620、566和463bp;基因序列分析表明:wApA、wAprB与w...     

松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛低龄幼虫控制作用的研究

研究测定了松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫的控制作用,采用林间和室内罩网相结合的方法研究了2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛幼虫的寄生情况.结果显示:在室内试验条件下,松褐天牛肿腿蜂产卵之前的刺蛰、补充营养取食能直接造成松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫死亡,对1、2及3龄幼虫的平均致死率分别为95.66％、85.91％、57.88％,并可产卵寄生2、3龄幼虫;林间释放2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂后,在刺蛰和补充营养取食后能有效寄生寄主的肿腿蜂雌蜂数量比例变化较大,有效肿腿蜂率最高为14.9％,最低为2.3％.松褐天牛肿腿蜂寄生行为不受寄主聚集程度的影响,但刚羽化出茧肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率比经饲喂后的雌蜂高近5倍.从肿腿蜂单一个体来看,每头雌蜂补充营养取食和产卵寄生致死的松褐天牛幼虫数为2.1～7.7头.松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌蜂的补充营养习性及刺蛰、取食致死寄主行为在防治中有很重要的作用,表明该种肿腿蜂是防治松褐天牛的重要天敌,在生物防治松褐天牛幼龄幼虫上具有良好的应用前景.     

不同绿僵菌菌株对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫的毒力测定

竹林金针虫是南方竹林笋期最为重要的害虫之一,筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫是竹林金针虫的优势种群,应用绿僵菌防治具有重要意义。测定了3株绿僵菌对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫的毒力,并比较了毒土法和毒饵法两种施菌方式对绿僵菌致病力的影响。结果表明,平沙绿僵菌WP08菌株和金龟子绿僵菌30104菌株对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫具有明显的致病效果,在30 d的试验期内,校正累计死亡率分别为90.0%和66.3%,半数致死时间（LT₅₀）分别为15.8 d和25.8 d;毒土法的校正累计死亡率略高于毒饵法,分别为60.1%和52.0%,LT₅₀分别为22.6 d和28.0 d。金龟子绿僵菌LRC112菌株对金针虫无致病力。     

舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒室内增殖的研究

试验研究了饲毒龄期、饲毒浓度对舞毒蛾存活、幼虫体质量、虫尸质量和含毒量的影响以及饲毒时间对舞毒蛾含毒量的影响.结果表明:饲毒龄期和饲毒浓度对幼虫存活率和体质量增长均有不同程度的影响,饲毒龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,死亡时间越早,死亡率越高,体质量增长越缓慢;而且饲毒时龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,虫尸质量也越小,其含毒量也越低.饲毒时间与含毒量成抛物线型,饲毒时间过短或过长,体内含毒量均较低.由于5龄幼虫饲毒后有78％以上个体发育至蛹期,不发生死亡现象,因此,室内增殖舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒时,应选取4龄初幼虫喂饲1.0×106 PIB·mL-1病毒为宜,接毒10d后开始收集饲毒幼虫.     

早园竹林2种造瘿小蜂及其形成的虫瘿的研究

对浙江省德清县早园竹林进行造瘿昆虫危害和虫瘿类型调查,室内解剖和饲养观测虫瘿中的昆虫幼虫及成虫羽化情况。结果表明:(1)营林方式显著地影响造瘿昆虫2013年的造瘿率,砻糠覆盖样地造瘿率显著低于未覆盖砻糠的样地。(2)整株竹子上共获得349个虫瘿,其中新瘿291个,枯瘿58个;依据虫瘿的形态特征分成联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型5种类型,其在整株竹子上所占比例分别为40.12%、30.95%、19.77%、6.01%和3.15%。(3)单虫瘿解剖最多可获得6头昆虫的幼虫,而联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型虫瘿的平均幼虫数分别为1.83、2.88、2.77、1.00和2.27。(4)联瘿型、叶片型和叶鞘型虫瘿羽化出5种301头小蜂,包括竹泰广肩小蜂和刚竹泰广肩小蜂2种造瘿昆虫,栗瘿旋小蜂、点腹刻腹小蜂和纹黄枝瘿金小蜂3种寄生蜂;竹泰广肩小蜂、刚竹泰广肩小蜂和寄生蜂在3种不同类型虫瘿中的比率分别为59:18:1、70:31:2和83:31:6。研究结果将有助于加深对早园竹虫瘿的认识,并为下一步综合防治和生产实践提供理论依据。     

中华甲虫蒲螨人工繁育替代寄主的筛选

选用黄粉甲初蛹、松褐天牛4龄幼虫、大麦虫初蛹等为替代寄主,在实验室对中华甲虫蒲螨进行人工繁育试验,结果表明:在温度为25±2℃、湿度为75％±10％条件下,中华甲虫蒲螨对黄粉甲初蛹和松褐天牛幼虫的选择性以及形成的膨腹体数量等无显著差异,但均显著高于替代寄主大麦虫初蛹；在寄生率与发育历期上3种替代寄主间无显著差异(P＜0...     

接种不同真菌菌株后黄栌生物电指标的变化

以黄栌枯萎病发病植株的根部所分离到的3种优势菌株作为供试菌株,利用新型电感电容表和电导率仪分别测定黄栌的树干电容、电阻和叶片电导率等生物电指标的变化,发现接种不同真菌菌株后黄栌的树干电容均值都呈现逐渐下降的趋势,树干阻抗均值、叶片细胞外渗液的相对电导率和叶片离子外渗百分率则都呈现逐渐增大的趋势。但接种Verticillium dahliae后黄栌出现枯萎病症状,且各项生物电指标均呈现更为显著的变化,其变化幅度较分别接种Fusarium sp.、Cylindrosporium sp.菌株后的电指标变化幅度大,而且树干电容和电阻在接种5 - 7天后表现出显著差异性,比病害症状出现提前7 - 10天;同时,受Verticillium dahliae侵染的植株和未受侵染植株在树体干部电容、阻抗和单位电容指标上差异显著,树干电阻与树干电容在植株受侵染后表现出更为显著的负相关关系。     

花绒寄甲在甘肃地区越冬情况和耐寒能力调查

The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis is a polyphagous xylophage native to Asia. This beetle is the most serious pest in the Three-north Areas of China. Dastarcus helophoroides plays an important role in biological control of the Asian long-horned beetle. In order to determine the probability of introducing this natural enemy to control A. glabripennis in the northwest of China, the overwintering survival of D. helophoroides in north China is a most important issue which should be understood. The overwintering place and survival of D. helophoroides were investigated respectively. The supercooling points of overwintering and laboratory strains of this parasitic beetle were assayed. The results indicated that most of this parasitic beetle chose the long-horned beetle pupa cell and the gallery as their overwintering place. A small proportion of them completed their overwintering process beneath the bark. Over 50% proportion of this beetle can complete the overwintering process successfully. Furthermore, the cold tolerance of overwintering strain was much stronger than that of the laboratory strain. These findings suggested that D. helophoroides can successfully accomplish the overwintering process in northwest of China. This might provide a support for introducing D. helophoroides to control the Asian long-horned beetle in these places.