玉米纹枯病菌的分子检测

近年来随着气候的变化和玉米种植密度的加大,玉米纹枯病发生日益严重,该病株残体残留在田土表面土层较浅的区域进行越冬。为准确诊断玉米纹枯病,根据玉米主要病害玉米大斑病、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病、玉米灰斑病rDNA的ITS区间序列差别,设计合成1对特异性扩增引物（LZ-F+LZ-R）用于玉米纹枯病检测。该引物能从玉米纹枯病菌扩增到特异性的分子片段,说明设计的特异性引物可以用来检测玉米纹枯病菌。采集田间玉米纹枯病、玉米大斑病、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病、玉米灰斑病病株样本进行病原菌分离,同时提取其病原菌和土壤总DNA,利用上述引物进行扩增。结果表明,只有以R.solani基因组DNA为模板通过反应体系在PCR仪中进行扩增最终能扩增出1条460 bp左右清晰的特异性条带,其他菌株均无特异性条带。利用该特异性引物只能从受到该病害侵染的发病组织DNA中扩增出特异性条带,对照及健康玉米植株均无扩增条带。接种该病原菌的土壤DNA也扩增出相应的特异性条带,表明特异性引物LZ-F/LZ-R可用于玉米纹枯病菌的分子检测和早期诊断。     

玉米丝黑穗病菌致病性分化研究

从我国玉米品种资源中筛选出6个具有广泛血缘代表性的自交系B73、掖478、Mo17、齐319、黄早四和丹340作为玉米丝黑穗病菌的生理分化鉴别寄主,确定了玉米丝黑穗病菌生理分化鉴别寄主体系。利用6个抗病性差异明显的鉴别寄主对玉米丝黑穗病菌进行生理分化鉴定,结果鉴别出7个生理分化致病类型。     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌致病性遗传变异

通过对采集国内各地的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌接种玉米不同品种,做寄主-病菌互作试验,结果发现,病菌菌株和玉米品种在地域上存在一定的相关性,本地菌株对当地主推玉米品种具有一定的致病专化性,证明病菌致病性遗传和分化与玉米品种遗传背景有关。     

东北地区玉米弯孢菌的致病性分化与RAPD分析

在东北三省15个地区采集分离26个玉米弯孢菌菌株,通过鉴别寄主技术与RAPD分子标记技术进行致病性与遗传分化的研究。结果表明,东北地区玉米弯孢菌在致病性与遗传上都存在明显的变异,二者有一定的相关性,未发现变异程度与菌株地理来源有明显的直接关系。26个菌株的致病性分为5种类型,其中中等致病类型分布遍及东北三省,为优势致病类群;强致病类型分布在吉林省的白城市;弱致病类型主要分布在吉林省的白山和梨树。用8个引物对供试菌株进行RAPD扩增,共获得77个RAPD标记,其中多态性标记71个,多态性比例92.2%。供试菌株在相似系数约0.71处共聚为4组,大多数致病性较强的菌株聚在一起,而弱致病株在相似系数相对较低时和其他菌株聚在一起。     

玉米纹枯病研究进展

玉米纹枯病已成为我国玉米主产区的一种重要病害,其危害日趋严重.系统地综述了玉米纹枯病的症状表现、病原菌及致病因子、发病传播、危害损失、玉米对纹枯病的抗性研究及综合防治等方面的研究进展.选育、鉴定综合性状好、高抗的玉米品种是防治玉米纹枯病的重点和难点.我国应加强玉米纹枯病抗性机制及其遗传规律的研究,加强玉米纹枯病抗病基因的定位、克隆的研究,同时广泛开展抗病性鉴定,为选育包括纹枯病在内的多抗性玉米杂交种提供依据。     

玉米纹枯病发生和防治研究现状

玉米纹枯病发生和防治研究现状赵桂东，刘荆（江苏省淮阴市农业科学研究所，淮阴２２３００１）继戚佩坤等（１９６６）［１１］首次报道吉林省玉米纹枯病发生后，随着玉米种植面积的迅速扩大和高产栽培技术的推广，朱惠聪、赵桂东、颜思齐、陈方、高卫东等人［２，５，１...     

我国玉米纹枯病发生和防治的研究现状

我国玉米纹枯病发生和防治的研究现状赵桂东，刘荆（江苏省淮阴市农科所淮阴２２３００１）近年来，玉米纹枯病发生日趋严重，已成为影响玉米产量的主要病害。目前，江苏、山东、吉林、辽宁、湖北、湖南、四川、广西、河南、山西、浙江、陕西、河北等省陆续发生。国内许多...     

玉米纹枯病的发生及防治初步研究

1994～1996年在玉溪地区玉米主产区对玉米纹枯病的研究结果表明,玉米纹枯病在一般生产区可导致玉米减产5％～8％,在高产区减产可达17％;其发病与品种、种植密度、施肥及耕作方式密切相关;通过井岗霉素田间药剂防治试验,探索出了在纹枯病发生初期的玉米大喇叭口末期用药土点“喇叭口”的施药新技术,不仅药效期长、防效高,而且可操作性强,比传统的喷雾法优越。     

浙江省水稻纹枯病菌的遗传分化与致病力研究

鉴定了从浙江省各地采集的60株水稻纹枯病菌株的菌丝融合群归属情况。该60个菌株均与AG-1融合群的3个亚群AG-1-ⅠA、AG-1-ⅠB、AG-1-ⅠC的标准菌株融合,当属AG-1融合群。其中,有58株均与标准菌株AG-BⅠ融合,所有菌株与其他标准菌株均无融合现象。通过离体接种对菌株致病力进行鉴定,发现各菌株间致病力差异显著。致病力最强的TTZF-1与其中52个菌株差异极为显著。进一步的转录间隔区(ITS)序列分析显示,系统发育树的结果与融合群鉴定的结果一致,与菌株间致病力差异无相关性。     

辽宁花生纹枯病病原鉴定及其生物学研究

本文对辽宁花生纹枯病病原学进行了较为系统的研究。根据病原菌形态学特征及致病性测定,明确辽宁花生纹枯病病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)。病原菌生物学特性研究发现该菌最适pH值为7.0;该菌能利用供试的6种碳源和5种氮源进行营养生长,在尿素作为唯一氮源的培养基上菌丝不生长并且不产生菌核,其余碳氮源培养基均产生菌核;该菌在玉米粉和PDA培养基上生长最好;光照对菌丝的生长及菌核的产生影响不大。     

Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity Variation in Rhizoctonia solani Isolates from Rice in Sichuan Province, China

Fifty-five representative samples of Rhizoctonia solani isolates, which were collected and isolated from five different ecological regions in Sichuan Province, China, were purified and analyzed for the pathogenicity and molecular genetic variation. The hyphal fusion test revealed that almost all the isolates belonged to the AG-IIA group except the isolate D42. In addition, some of the isolates were ‘bridging isolates’, which could fuse with several groups simultaneously. The pathogenicity analysis on in vit...     

Advances in Mapping Loci Conferring Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight and Mining Rhizoctonia solani Resistant Resources

Sheath blight (SB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the three major diseases of rice, and now has become the most severe disease causing rice yield loss in China. Breeding and use of varieties resistant to SB is crucial in controlling the disease, but the advances achieved have been limited due to the lack of highly SB-resistant rice germplasm. Genetic analysis revealed that the SB resistance in rice was a typical quantitative trait controlled by multi-genes. Although many QTLs conferring resistance t...     

Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice

Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated.     

Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation System for Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1IA

To construct the T-DNA insertional mutagenesis transformation system for rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,the virulent isolate GD118 of this pathogen was selected as an initial isolate for transformation.The conditions for transformation of isolate GD118 were optimized in five aspects,i.e.pre-induction time,co-culture time,acetosyringone(AS) concentration at the co-culture phase,co-culture temperature and pH value of induction solid medium(ISM) at the co-culture phase.Finally,a system ...     

根系内生细菌与玉米抗纹枯病关系研究

通过对辽宁省14个玉米主栽品种抗性和内生细菌相互关系的研究,明确了苗期不同品种间内生细菌总量差异显著性达到α=0．05水平,而抽丝期品种间差异不显著,苗期与成株期的互作差异亦不显著;品种苗期与成株期内生细菌种群总量不相关;不同品种苗期和成株期纹枯病抗性均存在显著差异（α=0．01）;玉米纹枯病品种抗性与内生细菌总量不相关,而与拮抗内生细菌百分率呈显著正相关。     

5种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病的病菌毒力及田间防效

马铃薯黑痣病(Rhizoctonia solani)是一种土传病害,危害呈逐年加重趋势。本研究进行了5种杀菌剂对病菌的毒力测定和病害田间防效试验。结果表明:抑霉唑、嘧菌酯抑菌作用较好,EC50分别为4.46μg·mL-1、8.32μg·mL-1,相关系数r均大于0.91。5种药剂在田间防病中,噻氟菌胺沟施浓度过高对马铃薯出苗产生药害,相对出苗率为92.3%,与对照有显著性差异;嘧菌酯、噻氟菌胺、百菌清、抑霉唑沟施和拌种对地中茎防病效果均在83%以上;抑霉唑(沟施)、嘧菌酯(沟施和拌种)、百菌清(沟施)对预防因病造成植株死亡效果较好,防效分别为71.6%、69.3%、67.4%、67.3%;嘧菌酯预防薯块带菌效果最好,沟施和拌种防病效果分别为90.7%、86%。     

海南南繁区水稻纹枯病菌的遗传多样性与致病力分化

【目的】为明确南繁区水稻纹枯病菌(RhizoctoniasolaniAG-1IA)的遗传分化及遗传多样性与致病力的关系,【方法】采用AFLP分子标记技术和离体叶片接种法对南繁核心区(三亚、乐东、陵水)和非核心区(琼中、屯昌和定安)共60株水稻纹枯病菌的遗传多样性、遗传结构和致病力分化进行了测定,并分析了遗传多样性与致病力之间的关系。【结果】聚类分析结果表明,核心区菌株的遗传多样性相对更高;群体遗传结构分析表明,核心区群体的多态性位点百分率(PPL)、Nei基因多样性指数(H)、Shannon信息指数(I)和基因流(N_m)分别为82.24%、0.1932、0.3062和2.5627,高于非核心区群体的67.49%、0.1535、0.2447和0.9365;而核心区群体的基因分化系数(G_st)为0.1633,低于非核心区群体的0.3481。【结论】核心区菌株的遗传变异程度比非核心区菌株高;核心区不同群体间存在较多的基因交流,而非核心区菌体间的基因交流较少,但遗传变异均主要来自于群体内;总体而言,核心区菌株的遗传分化程度更高。菌株的致病力及其与菌株遗传多样性的相关性分析表明,核心区菌株以中等致病型为主,而非核心区菌株则以中、强致病型为主,但与菌株的AFLP谱系之间的相关均未达显著水平。     

玉米纹枯病危害与产量损失的关系

The studies were conducted in field under artificial inoculation condition.The relationship between the disease severity and loss in grain yield caused by corn sheath blight was established.Yield loss rose gradually with the disease severity increasing.