深圳海域斑节对虾野生种群线粒体控制区序列的多态性分析

采用聚合酶链式反应技术对深圳斑节对虾种群的20个个体进行了分析,通过对mtDNA的控制区基因序列进行扩增,获得了大小约为650bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化后进行序列测定,得到了526bp的核苷酸序列。用Clustal_X排序软件对控制区序列进行了对位排列。通过Mega软件对所得线粒体控制区序列的片段进行比较,共检测出114个碱基存在变异,其中包括84个简约信息位点,5个碱基存在插入/缺失;并用Mega的“Pairwise distance”计算个体间的相对遗传距离。结果表明:其序列差异(转换 颠换)在0·010~0·154之间,得出20个个体有20种单倍型;并构建了UPGMA和NJ系统树。运用DNASP软件计算所得该群体核苷酸多样性(Pi)和平均核苷酸差异数(K)分别为0·05278和27·500。研究结果表明:深圳斑节对虾野生种群控制区序列个体变异程度很大,该种群的遗传多样性水平很高,适合于群体内及群体间不同个体的遗传多样性分析。     

泥鳅线粒体DNA控制区结构分析及遗传多样性研究

采用PCR和DNA测序技术对4个泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）群体的线粒体DNA控制区序列进行比较,研究其遗传多样性和控制区的结构。结果显示,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区片段序列为918～920bp。32个序列中共发现了56个多态位点,其中32个转换位点,19个颠换位点,5个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,定义了32种单倍型。同时对控制区结构进行分析,识别了其终止序列区（ETAS）、中央保守区（CD）和保守序列区（CSB）的关键序列。4个地理群体的单倍型多样性（Hd）、核苷酸多样性（Pi）和平均核苷酸差异数（K）分别为0．992、0．012和10．698。群体间的平均Kimura双参数遗传距离（Kimura 2-parameter distance,K2-P）、遗传分化指数（Fst）、基因交流值（Nm）和分子方差分析（AMOVA）均表明4个泥鳅群体具有较高的遗传分化,基因交流贫乏。利用核苷酸序列构建的NJ分子系统树揭示4个群体分为2个谱系,除范县群体外,其余各群体间相互交叉聚集。     

不同地理群体乌鳢线粒体DNA控制区结构分析及遗传多样性

为研究乌鳢群体的遗传多样性和控制区结构,实验采用PCR和DNA测序技术对其线粒体DNA控制区序列进行比较。结果显示,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区全长序列为905~908 bp。104个序列中共发现了37个多态位点,定义了27种单倍型。同时对控制区结构进行分析,识别了其终止序列区(ETAS)、中央保守区(CD)和保守序列区(CSB)的关键序列。3个地理群体的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)和平均核苷酸差异数(k)分别为0.875、0.003 27和2.939。群体间的平均Kimura双参数遗传距离(Kimura 2-parameter distance,K 2-P)、遗传分化指数(Fst)、基因交流值(Nm)和分子方差分析(AMOVA)均表明,3个乌鳢群体具有较高的遗传分化,白洋淀群体和平原县群体间存在一定的基因交流。     

利用线粒体DNA序列进行斑海豹鉴定的研究

通过对待鉴定的血液样品中线粒体控制区扩增和序列测定,并与基因库中序列比对分析,成功地对斑海豹进行了种类鉴定。本研究所用方法在野生珍稀动物的种类鉴定中有很好的应用价值。     

中国近海路氏双髻鲨群体线粒体DNA控制区序列比较分析

采用线粒体DNA控制区序列比较分析了路氏双髻鲨日照和霞浦群体的遗传结构及遗传多样性现状。研究结果显示:在长度为548 bp的mtDNA控制区序列上,34尾路氏双髻鲨个体仅检测到5个单倍型,两群体均呈现出较低的遗传多样性水平,日照群体的单倍型多样度(h)、核苷酸多样度(π)以及两两序列比较的平均碱基差异数(p)(h=0.6000±0.1305;π=0.0046±0.0031;p=2.5333±1.4856)略高于霞浦群体(h=0.5109±0.0955;π=0.0024±0.0017;p=1.2899±0.8373);邻接关系树显示,5个单倍型明显分为两支,净遗传距离为0.016;群体遗传分化指数为Fst=-0.047(P=0.914),表明两群体之间不存在显著差异,确切P检验结果也表明两群体存在随机交配现象(P=0.731);核苷酸不配对分布呈双峰类型,其中一个峰对应类群内序列差异,另外一个峰对应两个类群序列间差异。研究表明,路氏双髻鲨较小的有效群体导致了较低的遗传多样性,其资源状况已不容乐观。     

辽宁沿海日本海马线粒体控制区序列变异及其在海龙科鱼类系统分析中的应用

为研究日本海马野生群体的种质资源及遗传多样性状况,实验采用PCR扩增法获得日本海马线粒体DNA的控制区序列片段,同时利用GenBank数据库中已有的14种海龙科鱼类控制区同源序列对其进行序列比较及系统进化分析。结果显示,日本海马控制区序列片段长度为557~558 bp,其A、T、G、C 4种碱基的平均含量分别为34.3%,29.7%,14.1%,21.9%。在控制区序列片段中,共检测到16个多态性核苷酸位点,定义了16种单倍型,其核苷酸多态度和单倍型多态度都较低(π=0.0032±0.0021,h=0.70±0.02)。利用GenBank数据库中已有的海马控制区同源序列,采用邻接法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建了分子系统树。结果显示,采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建的分子系统树拓扑结构与邻接法构建的分子系统树拓扑结构不完全相同但基本一致,系统进化分析结果与形态分类学的观点一致。研究表明,线粒体DNA控制区序列在海龙科不同阶元间变异较大,适合于海龙科鱼类种间、群体水平的研究以及作为系统进化分析的分子标记。     

竹荚鱼属鱼类线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了2尾来自中国南海的日本竹煲鱼（Trachurus japonicus）线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列,并结合从GenBank中下载的8种竹笑鱼属相应序列,对竹煲鱼属控制区序列进行了结构分析,识别出终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域,并找到了2个与DNA复制终止相关的序列TAS和中央保守区的保守序列CSB—F、CSB—E和CSB—D,以及保守序列区的保守序列CSBl、CSB2和CSB3。以鳜（Sinipercachuatsi）作为外群,使用邻接法和最大简约法构建了9种竹荚鱼属的系统发育树。竹笑鱼属鱼类为单系类群,蓝竹煲鱼（rpicturatus）、智利竹笑鱼（zmurphyi）、太平洋竹笑鱼（zsymmetricus）、南非竹荚鱼（rcapensis）和竹荚鱼（rtrachurus）构成一支,地中海竹笑鱼（zmediterraneus）、青背竹笑鱼（zdeclivis）、日本竹荚鱼（rjaponicus）和新西兰竹荚鱼（rnovaezelandiae）为另一支;日本竹笑鱼未单独成一支,而是聚人青背竹笑鱼和新西兰竹笑鱼之间,初步猜测日本竹笑鱼和新西兰竹荚鱼为同种异名。     

鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的分子结构及应用进展

对鱼类线粒体DNA控制区新的研究进展进行阐述.介绍了鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的分子结构、结构的分区情况和各区域的结构特点以及鱼类线粒体DNA控制区多态性及其主要检测方法;综述了最近有关鱼类线粒体DNA控制区在鱼类系统学、地理种群识别、类群的起源、地理分化和扩散等研究中的应用情况.     

家猪线粒体DNA多态性分析

线粒体DNA作为分子标记已广泛应用于各个研究领域,并取得了许多有价值的成果。文章综述了动物线粒体DNA的结构特征、遗传特征及线粒体DNA多态性的研究方法,并概述了家猪线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的一些特点,着重讨论了家猪mtDNA多态性的最新研究领域成果,详细地论述了mtDNA多态性在家猪的起源、进化、分类以及群体遗传结构分析等方面的应用,旨在为今后开展家猪的繁殖、育种工作提供一些有益的帮助。     

条石鲷养殖群体线粒体控制区序列遗传变异分析

利用线粒体控制区序列研究了条石鲷养殖群体的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构.通过PCR扩增与序列测定获得了长度为469 bp的线粒体控制区基因片段,在30个个体中共发现27处碱基变异,A、T、G、C碱基的平均含量分别为36.5%、30.2%、12.5%和20.8%,A+T含量明显高于G+C含量.30条线粒体控制区序列共定义了1...     

3个水域黄鳍鲷线粒体DNA D-loop基因序列多态性研究

利用PCR技术扩增海南海口市、福建厦门市和广东珠海市3个地理群体海捕黄鳍鲷线粒体D-loop基因片段，测定了该基因片段580bp序列。结果发现，3个地理群体内和群体间都存在丰富的DNA序列多态性，共检测到33个多态性核苷酸位点(5．7％)，24个个体具有22种单倍型(haplotype)。UPGMA法构建的分子系统树中，海南群体内所有的单倍型聚成一支，福建与广东的单倍型混杂在一起，聚成一支。从序列差异的分析中得出，海南群体与福建和广东群体的亲缘关系较远；福建群体和广东群体亲缘关系较近。     

鲮原种群体的D-loop序列分析

设计了1对可从鲮总DNA中扩增出线粒体D-loop区的引物,获得了937bp的鲮D-loop全序列。应用该对引物对鲮原种群体（子群体h11个样本,子群体q10个样本）进行PCR扩增,测序获得了5′端750bp的有效序列。21个个体共检测到15种单倍型,29个变异位点（4%）。遗传多样性分析发现,原种群体的序列差异为1.0%,子群体h与子群体q各自的序列差异为1.2%和0.9%。UPGMA分子系统树显示,用于研究的21个样本相互混杂,子群体h与子群体q并未出现独立的分支,表明该批鲮原种的子群体h和子群体q并非2个相互独立的母系来源。     

Distribution and abundance of the larval black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker), in coastal waters and an estuary of western Taiwan

This study compared the distribution, abundance and body length of larval black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker), to relative environmental conditions in the coastal waters near Wan-kung and the Da-du estuary of western Taiwan to evaluate the utilization of these two water bodies as nursery grounds. Sampling was carried out on spring tides from October 1993 to September 1994. In the coastal waters, salinity (mean = 31.5^0/00) and current speed (39.1 cm s^?1) were significantly higher than those in the estuary (28.3^0/00 and 29.6 cm s^?1). Most of the larvae occurred from late winter to early spring. The period of occurrence was longer and the density was higher in the coastal waters. The mean body length in the coastal waters (9.28 mm) was greater than that in the estuary (7.33 mm), but the coefficient of variation of body length was smaller (coastal waters, 8.15%; estuary, 19.87%). The occurrence of the larvae in the two regions was negatively correlated with water temperature and positively with salinity and dissolved oxygen, and the change of density of larval black porgy was similar to that of all larval species discriminated by principal component analysis. The range and mode of the length-frequency distributions were different between the two regions. It was concluded that coastal waters are overall a better nursery habitat for black porgy.     

Comparative stomach contents and growth of the juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, reared in illuminated and unilluminated cages

The present study was designed to determine the positive effects of artificial illumination on the juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli , by comparing stomach contents and growth between juveniles exposed to light and those maintained in the absence of light. The major prey items for juvenile black seabream reared in illuminated cages were amphipods (IRI%=50.5), copepods (IRI%=44.7) and polychaetes (IRI%=3.0), whereas those for the juveniles maintained in unilluminated cages were copepods (IRI%=96.0), amphipods (IRI%=3.4) and polychaetes (IRI%=0.6). The specific growth rates (SGR) of the juveniles reared in illuminated cages (0.99%) were significantly higher than those of the juveniles maintained in unilluminated cages (0.78%).     

南四湖大鳞副泥鳅mtDNAD-loop区遗传多样性分析

根据线粒体D-loop序列研究了南四湖大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）群体（n=30）的遗传多样性。通过PCR技术对线粒体D-loop序列进行扩增,获得大小约1000 bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化和测序后,得到了963 bp的核苷酸片段。用CLUSTALX软件进行排序比较,在30个个体中,共检测到33个变异位点,包括12个转换位点、21个颠换位点。运用MEGA5.0软件计算出不同个体间的遗传距离,并据此构建了UPGMA与NJ系统树。用DNASP软件计算出的单倍型个数（H）为15,单倍型多样性（h）为0.899,核苷酸多样性（pi）为0.008,平均核苷酸差异数（k）为7.79。结果表明,南四湖大鳞副泥鳅的mtDNA D-loop个体序列变异程度较大,遗传多样性较为丰富。     

南四湖大鳞副泥鳅mtDNAD-loop区遗传多样性分析

根据线粒体D-loop序列研究了南四湖大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）群体（n=30）的遗传多样性。通过PCR技术对线粒体D-loop序列进行扩增,获得大小约1000 bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化和测序后,得到了963 bp的核苷酸片段。用CLUSTALX软件进行排序比较,在30个个体中...     

中华鳖3个地理群体线粒体基因D-loop区遗传多样性分析

采用PCR结合DNA测序技术和SSCP技术,分析了中华鳖3个地理群体线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop区部分序列的变异及遗传多样性。在25个个体中,其碱基组成为A+T的平均含量(65.4%)高于G+C(34.6%),共检测到变异位点7个(约占总位点数的5.7%),转换/颠换值为2.76。核苷酸多样性(π)为0.019 95,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为2.453。25个个体分属6个单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.707,单倍型间的平均遗传距离(P)为0.027。6个单倍型构建的UPGMA系统树聚为3个分支。结果表明,中华鳖群体mtDNA D-loop区序列存在着较丰富的变异和遗传多样性,日本鳖的遗传多样性比黄河鳖和黄沙鳖丰富,黄沙鳖与日本鳖、黄河鳖的遗传距离较远。而且PCR-SSCP可以检测到两种类型的电泳图谱,其中Ⅱ型均为日本鳖,该技术可用于78位TT←→AA颠换变异位点的检测。     

Ontogeny of tolerance to and avoidance of ultraviolet radiation in red sea bream Pagrus major and black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli

ABSTRACT:   Ontogenetic changes of tolerance to, and avoidance of, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) were examined in red sea bream Pagrus major and black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli . In the tolerance experiment, larvae and juveniles (age 13–46 days) were put in beakers, and were exposed to one of five different levels of UV-B radiation (1.8, 1.1, 0.2, 0.1, and 0 W/m²) for one hour. Their survival rates were calculated either 12 or 24 h later. In the avoidance experiment, fish (age 3–49 days) were put in a long experimental tank, half of which was covered with UV-blocking film and placed under two levels of UV-B radiation (1.1 and 0.2 W/m²), and their avoidance indices were calculated. Black sea bream had significantly better survival compared to red sea bream for most ages. Only black sea bream of ages 37 and 49 days showed significant avoidance of UV radiation under the higher level of UV-B, whereas both species did not show avoidance on any days at the lower level. The present results suggest that black sea bream are significantly better adapted to habitats with high UV-B radiation, than red sea bream, reflecting that back sea bream live in shallower waters through their early life stages.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, lipid peroxidation and tissue fatty acid composition of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) fed oxidized fish oil

A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth, lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of black sea bream fed oxidized oil. The FL and OL diets contained fresh fish oil and oxidized oil, respectively, without additional vitamin E supplementation. Another four α-tocopherol levels (150, 250, 450 and 800 mg kg⁻¹ diet) were used within the OL diet, giving a total of six experimental diets. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily. At end of the trial, the weight gain and survival rate of fish were significantly reduced by diets with oxidized oil, whereas hepatosomatic index was remarkably high in fish fed oxidized oil diet. However, vitamin E supplementation to diet significantly improved growth performance and increased vitamin E content in the liver. Although, liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly increased by dietary oxidized oil, their levels were reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Our results indicate that the fish were performing the best at intermediate concentrations of α-tocopherol and a dose of >150 mg α-tocopherol kg⁻¹ diet could reduce lipid peroxidation and improve fish growth performance when oxidized oils exist in diet.