桑黄对桑枝基料中1-脱氧野尻霉素的富集能力研究

采用反向高效液相色谱法测定3种不同来源桑黄子实体中1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-deoxynojirimycin,DNJ)的含量,并分析富集差异.结果 表明,添加了桑枝屑为培养基栽培的桑黄能够将桑枝中的DNJ有效富集,但不同品种、不同桑枝木屑基质生产出的子实体富集量差异较大,其中DNJ含量最高的是桑黄A,对DNJ的吸收效率达到...     

桑枝屑、蚕沙不同配方栽培平菇试验

用不同比例的桑枝屑和蚕沙作为主要栽培基料,研究不同配方对平菇菌丝和子实体生长及产量的影响,并筛选出适宜配方。结果表明,桑枝屑、蚕沙的含量不同对平菇菌丝、子实体生长和产量影响不同。采用70%桑枝屑、12%的蚕沙和15.8%的麦麸作为主要基料配方栽培的平菇菌丝体和子实体生长良好,产量高。     

适宜桑枝屑栽培的黑木耳优良菌株筛选试验

为筛选适宜湖州地区利用桑枝屑栽培的黑木耳品种,本文通过对6个黑木耳菌株在PDA培养基的菌丝生长情况、桑枝培养基上的菌丝生长情况及子实体产量3个方面进行了比较试验,结果显示,在PDA培养基上,黑木耳916、神农7号菌丝粗壮有力,菌丝生长快;在桑枝屑培养基中,黑木耳916菌丝生长最快,神农7号次之;在子实体产量上,黑木耳9...     

寄生桑树的粗毛纤孔菌的人工栽培试验

粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)是一种珍贵的药用真菌。从河北省承德地区采集到寄生于桑树树干的野生粗毛纤孔菌并进行人工栽培试验,探究不同培养方法和培养基配方对人工培养各阶段粗毛纤孔菌生长的影响。室内培养试验的结果是:(1)在野生粗毛纤孔菌的菌种(母种)分离培养阶段,用25μg/m L氯霉素溶液处理PDA培养基表面可以有效防止菌种分离培养过程的细菌感染;(2)原种培养阶段,当菌丝生长至2 cm厚时通过人工拍瓶混匀培养基可显著加快原种菌丝的生长,菌丝长满培养瓶的时间较未经混匀处理的缩短约5 d,且用谷粒培养基较麦粒培养基更为适用;(3)栽培生产子实体阶段,采用桑枝培养基较桦木培养基可以显著提高粗毛纤孔菌子实体产量,其中用1年生桑枝培养基培养比用多年生桑枝培养基培养的子实体产量高,多年生桑枝+棉籽壳培养基可以加快菌丝生长和子实体形成速率,但对子实体产量没有明显影响。在桑园中以桑树行间搭建小拱棚进行的粗毛纤孔菌栽培试验中,用新桑枝培养基培养的菌袋在树阴下(最大光照强度为1 800 lx,温度20~33℃,相对湿度80%)成功培养出子实体。试验结果初步表明,可以采用桑枝培养基在室内和室外进行粗毛纤孔菌的人工培养。     

不同比例的鄱阳湖苔草与稻草组合对锦江黄牛体外发酵的影响

试验旨在研究不同的鄱阳湖苔草与稻草组合对锦江黄牛体外发酵的影响,将鄱阳湖苔草和稻草分别以0∶100(A)、20∶80(B)、40∶60(C)、60∶40(D)、80∶20(E)和100∶0(F)的比例进行混合,共6个组,每组6个重复。采用体外批次培养法测定产气量、pH、氨态氮、菊体蛋白(BCP)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)。结果表明:各组合组产气量差异均不显著(P0.05);各组pH均正常范围内,但A、B和F组偏低,E偏高,C和D组最佳;BCP产量D组最高,显著高于A、B、E和F组(P0.05),与C组差异不显著(P0.05);氨态氮产量D组最高,F组最低;VFA产量以C组最高,并显著高于A、B、E和F组(P0.05),与D组差异不显著(P0.05),以A组最低,F组VFA产量第二低;乙酸/丙酸以C组最低,并显著低于A、B和F组(P0.05),与D和E组差异不显著(P0.05),以F组最高,第二高的为A组。结果提示:综合各项指标来看,以C组和D组发酵效果最好,建议在生产实践中,将稻草和鄱阳湖苔草组合使用,期比例为40∶60~60∶40。     

不同药渣组方饲料添加剂对特寒F_1羔羊育肥效果的影响

为研究同一营养水平下,添加不同药渣组方饲料添加剂对特寒F1羔羊短期育肥效果的影响,选择特寒F13月龄羔羊80只,按同质原则分为A、B、C和D四组,其中D组为对照组,每组20只,饲喂60 d。结果表明:A、B和C组平均日增重分别比D组高8.75%、10.65%和14.82%(P0.05),A、B、C和D组平均屠宰率分别为47.02%、47.05%、47.22%和46.96%(P0.05)。经济效益分析表明,C组收益最高,B组次之,D组最低。     

白术粗多糖对湘黄鸡生长性能的影响

选择白术粗多糖(简称白术多糖)研究其对湘黄鸡生长性能的影响,为白术多糖在畜禽业的生产应用提供依据。试验选用240只1日龄湘黄鸡,随机平均分成5组,每组设4个重复,A为对照组饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的白术多糖;E为抗生素添加组。整个饲养试验分为2个阶段,1～14日龄为第1阶段,15～28日龄为第2阶段。结果表明:在1～14日龄阶段,D组日增质量、日采食量和饲料转化率均高于其他各组。在15～28日龄阶段,各多糖组和E组的平均日采食量均高于A组;B组高于E组,C组的饲料转化率显著高于A组,高于E组。从全期来看,B组采食量最高,平均日增质量和饲料转化率D组最好。白术多糖能够在一定程度上提高湘黄鸡的日采食量、日增质量和饲料利用率。     

白术粗多糖对湘黄鸡生长性能的影响北大核心

选择白术粗多糖(简称白术多糖)研究其对湘黄鸡生长性能的影响,为白术多糖在畜禽业的生产应用提供依据。试验选用240只1日龄湘黄鸡,随机平均分成5组,每组设4个重复,A为对照组饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的白术多糖;E为抗生素添加组。整个饲养试验分为2个阶段,1～14日龄为第1阶段,15～28日龄为第2阶段。结果表明:在1～14日龄阶段,D组日增质量、日采食量和饲料转化率均高于其他各组。在15～28日龄阶段,各多糖组和E组的平均日采食量均高于A组;B组高于E组,C组的饲料转化率显著高于A组,高于E组。从全期来看,B组采食量最高,平均日增质量和饲料转化率D组最好。白术多糖能够在一定程度上提高湘黄鸡的日采食量、日增质量和饲料利用率。     

桑枝基质的灵芝优质高效栽培配方研究

以桑枝和棉籽壳为主要培养基,通过对灵芝主栽菌株G1不同的配方进行栽培试验和对其菌丝生长特性、农艺性状及子实体活性成分含量进行差异分析,结果表明:添加50%桑枝木屑、30%棉籽売、15%麦麸的配方是适宜灵芝优质高效栽培的最优配方。     

高原地区海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋期自配复合预混料配方的筛选试验

为研究获得高原地区海兰褐蛋鸡的最佳复合预混料配方,本试验选用海兰褐蛋鸡10 000羽,将其随机分为4组,每组2 500羽,试验组A、B、C分别饲喂低、中、高营养水平的自配预混料,对照组D饲喂商品料,并统计各组18～60周龄的产蛋量、产蛋率、平均蛋重及死淘率。结果表明,A组产蛋量、产蛋率、平均蛋重及成活率均最高;C组在产蛋量、平均蛋重和累计死亡率方面均优于D组和B组;B组仅产蛋率较高,累计死亡率排在第2。在海兰褐蛋鸡无抗养殖中,A组的复合预混料配方是最佳配方。     

A study of the pattern of staphylococcal contamination of the udders of cows in a dairy herd

Abstract

Extract

The results of the 1965–6 New Zealand national mastitis survey (Anon., 1967 Anon Ann. Rep. Res. Div. N.Z. Dept. Agric. 1966–67 1967 77 78  [Google Scholar]) indicated that β-haemolytic staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows. Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.     

Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy of in situ estimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs

Effects of considering the comminution rate (k_c) and the correction of microbial contamination (using ¹⁵N techniques) of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples (from rumen‐incubated residues) representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal (SFM) and Italian ryegrass hay (RGH) and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet (75 g DM/kgBW^0.75). Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb‐SFM and Eu‐RGH marked samples showed higher k_c values (/h) in SFM than in RGH (0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034), whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate (k_p). Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when k_c was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected k_p‐based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and k_c?k_p‐based by 39% in SFM (0.146 vs. 0.105) and 761% in RGH (0.373 vs. 0.0433). Results show that both k_c and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering k_c is an important source of error.     

Exsheathment of infective larvae of Cooperia curticei

Abstract

Extract

Although exsheathment of the infective larvae of many strongylate nematode parasites of ruminants has been studied (Rogers, 1966 Rogers, W. P. 1966. “Exsheathment and hatching mechanisms in helminths”. In Biology of Parasites, Emphasis on Veterinary Parasites, Edited by: Soulsby, E. J. L. 33–39. New York and London: Academic Press. In [Google Scholar]), that of Cooperia curticei larvae has not. By analogy with other trichostrongylid species inhabiting the small intestine, they would be expected to exsheath in response to conditions provided by the abomasum, perhaps, as with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, with a potentiating effect of bile salts in the small intestine (Mapes, 1972 Mapes, C. J. 1972. Bile and bile salts and exsheathment of the intestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Nematodirus battus. Int. J. Parasit., 2: 433–438.  [Google Scholar]). It was decided to see if C. curticei larvae exsheathed as expected; no attempt was made to define precisely the conditions necessary for exsheathment but rather to establish the site at which the stimulus is received.     

Parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of Zimbabwe

Summary

Fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the Zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during July and November of 1986 and January and April of 1987. All 14 animals were infected. Habronema muscae occurred in 12, Draschia megastoma in 11, H. majus in 9, Trichostrongylus axei in 9, Gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and G. nasalis in 1 donkey. The lowest level of infection was in January for the helminthes and in April for Gasterophilus larvae. The peak burdens of parasites were in July for Habronema spp. and in November for D. megastoma and Gasterophilus larvae. Infections with spirurid worms and Gasterophilus develop mainly from the middle of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season (Januari to May/June). G. intestinalis seems to have an annual cycle.     

Frequency of involvement of pox virions in lesions of bovine dermatophilosis

Summary By combined electron microscopical and serological methods the rate of involvement of pox virions within lesions of bovine natural dermatophilosis was determined. Scabby lesions of 40 (77%) out of a total of 52 cases were positive for the virions, while sera of all infected animals which reacted positively for pox viral antibodies (LSD) was significantly higher (P<0·001) in comparison to those of healthy-appearing animals. The virions in all cases had a uniform oval to cylindrical morphology with a mean measurement of 110 × 280 nm. A synergistic interplay involving the initiation of the scabby lesions by the virions and their subsequent trapping within keratin deposits, followed by their release through the keratolytic activity ofDermatophilus congolensis appear to have obtained in cases.

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Frecuencia Del Compromiso De Viriones Pox En Lesiones De Dermatiofilosis Bovina

Resumen Se determinó la tasa del compromiso de viriones pox, con lesiones de dermatofilosis bovina natural, mediante la combinación de microscopía electrónica y serológica. Cuarenta lesiones costrosas (77%) de un total de 52 casos fueron positivas a viriones, mientras que el suero de todos los animales infectados que reaccionaron positivamente para anticuerpos pox (LSD) fueron significativamente más altos (P<0.001) en comparación a aquellos de animales aparentemente sanos. Los viriones en todos los casos tuvieron una morfología uniforme, de oval a cilíndrica con una media de 110 × 280 nm. Se obtuvo un sinergismo recíproco que involucró la iniciación de las lesiones costrosas por los viriones, los cuales quedaron atrapados subsecuentemente en los depósitos de queratina, seguido de la liberación de los mismos a través de la acción queratolítica delDermatophilus congolensis.

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Frequence De La Participation De Virions Pox Dans Les Lesions De Dermatophilose Bovine

Résumé Par utilisation combinée de méthodes sérologiques et de microscopie électronique, on a pu déterminer la fréquence de participation de virions pox dans les lésions de dermatophilose bovine naturelle. Les lésions croûteuses de 40 (77%) cas sur 52 ont été positives pour les virions, tandis que les sérums de tous les animaux qui réagissent positivement pour les anticorps antiviraux pox (LSD) sont significativement supérieurs (P<0,001) comparés à ceux des animaux apparemment en bonne santé. Dans tous les cas, les virions ont une morphologie uniforme ovale à cylindrique, avec une taille moyenne de 110 × 280 nm. On a pu obtenir dans certains cas une interaction synergique, mettant en jeu l'initiation de lésions croûteuses par les virions et leur piégeage ultérieur dans les dépôts kératinisés, suivi de leur relargage dû à l'activité kératinolytique deDermatophilus congolensis.

     

Estimation of Protein Requirements of Feedlot Steers

Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet composition data were collected from a survey of finishing steer experiments (40 experiments; 347 kg average initial weight; data excluded Holstein steers). Data were analyzed by weighted (observations/mean) analyses of variance to determine effects of protein intake and implanting strategy on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Implanting strategies were defined according to prevalent or last implant type used: no implant (None); medium-potency implants (Medium): zeranol 72 mg per dose, steroid-based implants (Synovex-S or Compudose) or trenbolone acetate (TBA) alone; high-potency implants (High): TBA in combination with either steroids or zeranol. Regression procedures were utilized to estimate CP and DIP, or MP requirements. Implant effects were independent (P>0.60) of dietary protein effects and included faster (P<0.05) gains at higher intakes (P<0.05) that resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed efficiencies. Steers responded to higher dietary CP (13.3 vs 11.4%) by increasing intake (P<0.05) which resulted in faster (P<0.05) and more efficient (P=0.09) gains. Compared to nonimplanted steers, implanted steers had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses with larger (P<0.05) ribeyes and lower (P<0.05) marbling scores. Nonimplanted steers fed 13.3% CP diets had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses than nonimplanted steers fed 11.4% CP diets. Maintenance MP requirements of nonimplanted steers were greater than those of implanted steers and similar to established MP requirements. Diets of steers implanted with high-potency implants must be supplemented to contain more than 7.5 g MP/kg BW^0.75/d, especially at heavy (>450 kg) initial BW, to maximize implant response. Implanted steers have a greater ability to respond to increased dietary protein because of reduced protein requirements for maintenance.     

Diseases of the central nervous system of pigs

Abstract

Extract

Sir — The recently published advances by Done (1957 Done, J. T. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 1341–1341.  [Google Scholar]). Done et al. (1957 Done, J. T., Brooksbank, N. H. and Buntain, D. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 67–67.  [Google Scholar]) and Harding cl al. (1957 Harding, T. D. J., Done, J. T. and Kershaw, G. F. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 824–824.  [Google Scholar]); ill Great Britain concerning the knowledge of different disease of the central nervous system ot pigs have prompted a closer examination of these diseases by Diagnostic Officers of the Animal Research Division in this country.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of an epsiprantel/pyrantel combination against gastrointestinal helminths of dogs

Trials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of a combination of epsiprantel at a dose rate of 5-5 mg/kg bodyweight and pyrantel pamoate at 5 mg pyrantel base/kg against Toxocara canis in prenatally infected unweaned greyhound pups, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected adolescent greyhounds and Ancylostoma caninum, U stenocephala. Taenia hydatigena and Taenia pisiformis in artificially infected laboratory beagles. The product was well accepted and produced no obvious side effects. Percentage efficacy values based on post mortem worm counts were: T hydatigena 100; T pisiformis 100; D caninum 100; adult T canis 84-0; adult T leonina 96-5; immature T leonina 99-8; U stenocephala 99-0 and 87-7; A caninum 92-7; and T vulpis 43-3.     

Serological evidence of the occurrence of bluetongue in Iraq

Summary Precipitating antibodies against bluetongue were detected in sheep and goat serum samples collected from animals slaughtered in Baghdad abattoir. Out of294 sheep serum samples and110 goat serum samples examined,28 and18 samples respectively showed precipitating activity. In addition, examination of sheep serum samples collected from localities where clinical cases similar to bluetongue were previously reported revealed the presence of bluetongue precipitating antibodies in101 sera out of198 samples examined. This is the first report confirming the occurrence of blue-tongue in Iraq.

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Evidencia Serológica De La Ocurrencia De Lengua Azul En Irak

Resumen Se detectaron anticuerpos precipitantes de la enfermedad de la Lengua Azul en el suero de ovejas y cabras beneficiadas en el matadero de-Bagdad. La prueba fue positiva en 28 de 294 sueros ovinos y en 18 de los 110 sueros caprinos examinados. Posteriormente, se examinaron 198 sueros ovinos colectados en áreas en donde se sospechaba la existencia clinica de la enfermedad, encontrandose 101 positivos. Este es el primer informe de la existencia de Lengua Azul en Irak.

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Preuve Sérologique De L'existence De La Bluetongue En Irak

Résumé Des anticorps précipants contre la bluetongue ont été mis en évidence dans des échantillons de sérum de moutons et de chèvres recueillis sur des animaux abattus à l'abattoir de Bagdad. Sur 294 échantillons de sérum de moutons et 110 de chèvres examinés, 28 et 18 de ces échantillons se sont respectivement montrés précipitants. En outre l'examen d'échantillons de sérum de moutons recueillis dans des localités où existaient des cas cliniques pouvant faire soupçonner la bluetongue a montré la présence de sérums précipitants de la maladie dans 101 des 198 échantillons examinés. C'est là le premier report confirmant l'existence de la bluetongue en Irak.

     

Comparison of the Virulence of Various Strains of Moraxella bovis

The relative virulence of various strains of Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) was studied using the eyes of mice and cattle. The investigation consisted of three separate experiments. Experiments I and II involved a study on the effects of (1) different methods of growth and (2) serial blood agar passaging on the virulence of M. bovis. Experiment III involved a study on the relative virulence of different strains of M. bovis and M. bovis-like organisms.

Strains of M. bovis and M. bovis-like organisms varied in their pathogenicity for mice. However, different methods for preparation of exposure cultures of M. bovis did not influence the disease produced.