中草药复方制剂对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效研究

对用常山、苦参等组成的中草药复方制剂进行了抗球虫效果的研究。试验共分5组，即中药1组、中药2组、地克珠利组、感染不给药组和不感染不给药组。试验结果表明：中药1组、中药2组、地克珠利组的抗球虫指数分别为174.8、154.5、183.0。中药1组具有中等抗球虫效果。     

中药鸡球虫散超微粉对鸡球虫病的疗效研究

以15日龄817肉杂鸡为试验动物,研究中药鸡球虫散超微粉对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效。试验共设7个组：中药超微粉2％、1％、0．5％拌料给药组、中药普通粉（2％）拌料给药组、地克珠利组、感染不给药对照组和不感染不给药对照组。结果显示：中药超微粉2％拌料组、超微粉1％拌料组和地克珠利组抗球虫指数（AcI）分别为196．4、184．6、182．8,抗球虫效果优秀;中药普通粉组（2％拌料）和超微粉组（0．5％拌料）的ACl分别为174．2和169．0．抗球虫效果良好。     

发酵复方中草药对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效研究

为探讨发酵复方中草药对鸡球虫病的防治效果，将270只肉鸡分成9组，分别为不感染不给药组、感染不给药组、西药组、复方中草药组以及0.2%、0.5%、1%、2%、3%发酵复方中草药组。依据抗球虫指数对酵母发酵复方中草药治疗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的效果进行评价。结果表明，西药地克珠利组相对增重率为64%，抗球虫指数为128.3，而2%发酵复方中草药组的相对增重率为85%，抗球虫指数为146.0，在9个试验组中抗球虫效果最好，优于西药组。     

原虫净可溶性粉防治鸡球虫病的试验

应用中草药复方制剂原虫净可溶性粉对鸡球虫病进行治疗试验，试验方法包括建立球虫病鸡模型，采用不同剂量组应用原虫净可溶性粉对试验的球虫病鸡进行口服投药，观察症状，剖检变化，检查虫卵，通过抗球虫指数分析该药对鸡球虫病的治疗效果，同时设地克珠利对照组。结果显示，原虫净可溶性粉以0．5g／L的剂量对鸡球虫病的治疗效果较好，治愈率达98％。治愈率不低于地克珠利药物组。原虫净可溶性粉对鸡球虫病有显著的疗效，是抗球虫病的理想药物。     

中草药微生态制剂对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫防控效果的研究

为探究中草药微生态制剂对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫预防效果,将200只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分成5组,分别为中草药微生态制剂组、磺胺药组、地克珠利组、不感染不用药组、感染不用药组。将各种药物按照有效添加量与饲料混合,中草药微生态制剂组的有效添加量为2g/kg,地克珠利组的有效添加量为1g/5kg,持续添加20d后,用柔嫩艾美耳球虫分离株孢子化卵囊感染鸡,再持续添加8d,磺胺药组的有效添加量为2g/kg,在感染球虫后持续使用3d,检测抗球虫指数、细胞因子水平、肠道病理变化等指标评价其抗球虫效果。结果显示:相较于磺胺、地克珠利,中草药微生态制剂能够降低鸡的死亡率,抗球虫指数能达到176.57,显著提高了IFN-γ、IL-2、IgG、SIgA表达水平,降低盲肠病变损伤程度,说明该中草药微生态制剂可有效防控鸡球虫病。     

中药与化学药物对鸡球虫病的疗效对比试验

研究应用中药方剂对鸡球虫病进行了疗效试验,结果表明中药方剂具有明显的抗球虫和促进小鸡增重的效果,中药组与地克珠利组和氨丙啉组的抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为216.1,182.9和144.2,说明中药的抗球虫效果明显优于化学药物;两种化学药物中,地克珠利仍属高效抗球虫药,但氨丙啉的ACI仅有144.2,为低效抗球虫药,已不宜继续用于防治鸡球虫病。     

青蒿槟榔复方防治鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利耐药株感染的研究

为研究青蒿槟榔散中药复方对鸡球虫病的防治作用,本试验采用临床分离的、对地克珠利耐药的柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊口服接种肉仔鸡制备盲肠球虫病感染模型。将试验鸡分为7组,每组10只,即空白对照组、感染对照组、地克珠利预防组、中药散剂预防组、中药散剂治疗组、中药汤剂预防组、中药汤剂治疗组。除空白对照组外,雏鸡于14日龄时每只鸡灌服6万个孢子化卵囊,预防给药组均于13日龄给药,连续4 d;治疗组在灌服卵囊3 d后开始给药,连续4 d。记录雏鸡增重、存活、粪便中卵囊以及盲肠病变情况,计算抗球虫指数(ACI)来评价药物的作用效果。结果显示:地克珠利预防组与感染对照组均发生了严重球虫病;中药散剂和汤剂2个治疗组则减轻了病变程度,ACI分别为126.35和132.88,属于低效;但中药散剂和汤剂2个预防给药组的ACI分别为176.67和165.12,达到良好水平。此外,盲肠黏膜扫描电镜结果显示,感染对照组和地克珠利预防组黏膜破损严重并存在较多卵囊,而预防给药组黏膜损伤明显减轻,卵囊也明显减少。这提示,青蒿槟榔复方对柔嫩艾美耳地克珠利耐药株引起的鸡球虫病具有良好的保护作用。     

复方地克珠利对鸡球虫病的防治效果试验

采用不同浓度的药物(复方地克珠利)对鸡球虫病进行防治试验,结果表明,此药是高效抗鸡球虫药.     

不同抗球虫药物对鸡球虫病的疗效试验

试验选取某养鸡场鸡球虫病患病鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,其中1组为阳性对照组(感染不给药组),另外3组分别选用磺胺喹噁啉、地克珠利和癸氧喹酯3种抗球虫药物进行治疗;另选健康鸡30只,作为健康对照组。连续给药5d,在第8天将150只鸡全部扑杀剖检,通过计算抗球虫指数(ACI)来判断药物对球虫病的治疗效果。结果显示,癸氧喹酯的抗球虫指数最高,为高效抗球虫药物;地克珠利居中,为中效抗球虫药物;磺胺喹噁啉抗球虫指数最低,为无效抗球虫药物。     

中草药对鸡球虫的防治报告

该试验用健康的一日龄公雏鸡，中草药组1日龄开始分别添加5％旱莲草，2％旱莲草，2％大黄，5％大黄．2％青蒿，5％青蒿；西药组13日龄加球必清（地克珠利．进年来最好的抗球虫药）5×10^-6饮水．同时设攻虫对照组（攻虫不给药）和空白对照组（不攻虫不给药）。试验显示，青蒿组具有良好的抗球虫效果，5％青蒿组．2％青蒿组抗球虫指数（ACI）分别为179．2和1618，略低于西药组（185．4）．旱莲草组和大黄组ACI在145～160之间．达到中等抗球虫活性。各中草药组可显著改善红细胞压积值，提高相对增重率，明显减轻球虫病的各种临床症状。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.