三峡库区脐橙果园不同深度的土壤肥力指数

In the Three Gorges Area of China, soil erosion and the resultant non-point source pollution and ecological degradation have endangered agricultural ecosystems and fresh water reservoirs. Although efforts have been undertaken to reduce soil and water losses from slope land used for citrus production, information on the effects of management practices on soil fertility indices is either limited or nonexistent. This study was conducted to compare the effects of 10 years of various management practices, citrus intercropped with white clover (WC), citrus mulched with straw (SM), citrus intercropped with contour hedgerows (CH), citrus orchard land with impermeable membrane (IM), and citrus intercropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and peanut (Arachris hypogaea) (WP), as treatments on soil fertility indices with that of the conventional citrus management (CM). Results showed that the soil organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, available potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents at the 0–5 cm depth were higher for the WC and SM treatments than the CM treatment. There was also spatial variation in soil fertility along slopes of the WC and SM treatments. The soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents at both the 0–5 and 5–20 cm depths were higher for the CH and IM treatments than the CM treatment. The average soil available nitrogen and available potassium contents were higher for the WP treatment than the CM treatment, but the WP treatment had little effect on the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents. These suggested that white clover intercropping and straw mulching were the most effective approaches to improve soil fertility in citrus orchard land of the Three Gorges area.     

中国黄土高原区轮耕对土壤团聚体、有机碳氮含量的影响

In rain-fed semi-arid agroecosystems, continuous conventional tillage can cause serious problems in soil quality and crop production, whereas rotational tillage (no-tillage and subsoiling) could decrease soil bulk density, and increase soil aggregates and organic carbon in the 0-40 cm soil layer. A 3-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage practices on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate C and N sequestration from 0 to 40 cm soil in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia. Three tillage treatments were tested: no-tillage in year 1, subsoiling in year 2, and no-tillage in year 3 (NT-ST-NT); subsoiling in year 1, no-tillage in year 2, and subsoiling in year 3 (ST-NT-ST); and conventional tillage over years 1-3 (CT). Mean values of soil bulk density in 0-40 cm under NT-ST-NT and ST-NT-ST were significantly decreased by 3.3% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with CT, while soil total porosity was greatly improved. Rotational tillage increased SOC, TN, and water-stable aggregates in the 0-40 cm soil, with the greatest effect under ST-NT-ST. In 0-20 and 20-40 cm soils, the tillage effect was confined to the 2-0.25 mm size fraction of soil aggregates, and rotational tillage treatments obtained significantly higher SOC and TN contents than conventional tillage. No significant differences were detected in SOC and TN contents in the >2 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates among all treatments. In conclusion, rotational tillage practices could significantly increase SOC and TN levels, due to a fundamental change in soil structure, and maintain agroecosystem sustainability in the Loess Plateau area of China.     

长期日光温室试验条件下不同施肥处理对土壤团聚体稳定性和铁铝氧化物含量的影响

Soil in greenhouses is likely to suffer a gradual decline in aggregate stability. Determination of the effects of different fertiliser practices on soil aggregate stability is important for taking advantage of solar greenhouses. Soil aggregate stability and iron(Fe) and aluminium(Al) oxide contents were investigated in a 26-year long-term fertilisation experiment in greenhouse in Shenyang, China,under eight fertiliser treatments: manure(M), fertiliser N(FN), fertiliser N with manure(MN), fertiliser P(FP), fertiliser P with manure(MP), fertiliser NP(FNP), fertiliser NP with manure(MNP), and control without any fertiliser(CK). A wet sieving method was used to determine aggregate size distribution and water-stable aggregates(WSA), mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter as the indices of soil aggregate stability. Different fertiliser treatments had a statistically significant influence on aggregate stability and Fe and Al oxide contents. Long-term application of inorganic fertilisers had no obvious effects on the mass proportion of aggregates. By contrast, manure application significantly increased the mass proportion of macroaggregates at the expense of microaggregates. All treatments, with the exception of FNP, significantly increased the stability of macroaggregates but decreased that of microaggregates when compared with CK. Aggregation under MP and MN was better than that under M and MNP; however,no significant differences were found among inorganic fertiliser treatments(i.e., FN, FP, and FNP). A positive relation was found between pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and WSA(r = 0.269), but no significant relations were observed between other Fe and Al oxides and aggregate stability.     

利用地统计学技术预测流域尺度土壤团聚体稳定性及团聚体结合有机碳含量空间分布

The association of organic carbon with secondary particles (aggregates) results in its storage and retention in soil. A study was carried out at a catchment covering about 92 km2 to predict spatial variability of soil water-stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and organic carbon (OC) content in macro- (> 2 mm), meso- (1-2 mm), and micro-aggregate (< 1 mm) fractions, using geostatistical methods. One hundred and eleven soil samples were collected at the 0-10 cm depth and fractionated into macro-, meso-, and micro-aggregates by wet sieving. The OC content was determined for each fraction. A greater percentage of water-stable aggregates was found for micro-aggregates, followed by meso-aggregates. Aggregate OC content was greatest in meso-aggregates (9 g kg?1), followed by micro-aggregates (7 g kg?1), while the least OC content was found in macro-aggregates (3 g kg?1). Although a significant e?ect (P = 0.000) of aggregate size on aggregate OC content was found, however, our findings did not support the model of aggregate hierarchy. Land use had a significant e?ect (P = 0.073) on aggregate OC content. The coe?cients of variation (CVs) for OC contents associated with each aggregate fraction indicated macro-aggregates as the most variable (CV = 71%). Among the aggregate fractions, the micro-aggregate fraction had a lower CV value of 27%. The mean content of WSA ranged from 15% for macro-aggregates to 84% for micro-aggregates. Geostatistical analysis showed that the measured soil variables exhibited di?erences in their spatial patterns in both magnitude and space at each aggregate size fraction. The relative nugget variance for most aggregate-associated properties was lower than 45%. The range value for the variogram of water-stable aggregates was almost similar (about 3 km) for the three studied aggregate size classes. The range value for the variogram of aggregate-associated OC contents ranged from about 3 km for macro-aggregates to about 6.5 km for meso-aggregates. Kriged maps of predicted WSA, OC and MWD for the three studied aggregate size fractions showed clear spatial patterns. However, a close spatial similarity (co-regionalization) was observed between WSA and MWD.     

中国亚热带红壤团聚体稳定性与土壤化学性质的关系

The stability of aggregates in the surface soil is crucial to soil erosion and runoff generation. Thus, to understand the stability and the breakdown mechanisms of soil aggregates as well as the relationship between aggregate stability and selected soil chemical properties, such as different forms of Fe and Al oxides, organic matter, CEC and clay content, the aggregates of slightly and severely eroded red soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China were analyzed using the routine wet sieving and the Le Bissonnais methods. The results indicated that the aggregates of the severely eroded soils were more stable than those of the slightly eroded soils. Different aggregate breakdown mechanisms resulted in different particle size distribution. The slaking from entrapped air in aggregates severely destroyed the soil aggregates, especially in the slightly eroded soils. Meanwhile, mechanical breakdown and microcracking had little effect on the aggregates compared to slaking. The fragments resulting from slaking were mainly microaggregates that increased in size with increasing clay content. The main fragment size of the slightly eroded soils was 1.0-0.2 mm, while for the severely eroded soils it was 5.0-2.0 mm and 1.0-0.5 mm. Overall, more than 20% of the fragments were smaller than 0.2 mm. In addition, aggregate stability was positively and often significantly correlated with Fe_d, Al_d, Fe_o and clay content, but significantly and negatively correlated to SOC.     

长期种植苜蓿对中国半干旱地区黄土钾含量和粘土矿物的影响

Alfalfa cropping has been considered an efficient method of increasing soil fertility.Usually nitrogen increase in root nodules is considered to be the major beneficial effect.A 21-year time series (five sampling periods) of alfalfa cultivation plots on a loess soil,initially containing illite and chlorite,in Lanzhou of northwestern China was selected to investigate the relationships among alfalfa cropping,soil potassium (K) content and soil clay minerals.The results indicated that soil K significantly accumulated after cropping,with a peak value at about 15 years,and decreased afterwards.The accumulated K was associated with the K increase in the well-crystallized illite,which was not extracted by the traditional laboratory K extraction methods in assessing bioavailability.The steep decline in soil K content after 15-year cropping was in accord with the observed fertility loss in the alfalfa soil.Plant biomass productivity peaked at near 9 years of culture,whereas soil K and clay minerals continued to increase until cropping for 15 years.This suggested that K increased in the topsoil came from the deep root zone.Thus alfalfa continued to store K in clays even after peak production occurred.Nitrogen did not follow these trends,showing a general decline compared with the native prairie soils that had not been cropped.Therefore,the traditional alfalfa cropping can increase K content in the topsoil.     

巴西东北部地区土地退化对土壤微生物量和活性的影响

Land degradation causes great changes in the soil biological properties.The process of degradation may decrease soil microbial biomass and consequently decrease soil microbial activity.The study was conducted out during 2009 and 2010 at the four sites of land under native vegetation(NV),moderately degraded land(LDL),highly degraded land(HDL) and land under restoration for four years(RL) to evaluate changes in soil microbial biomass and activity in lands with different degradation levels in comparison with both land under native vegetation and land under restoration in Northeast Brazil.Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth.Soil organic carbon(SOC),soil microbial biomass C(MBC) and N(MBN),soil respiration(SR),and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate(FDA) and dehydrogenase(DHA) activities were analyzed.After two years of evaluation,soil MBC,MBN,FDA and DHA had higher values in the NV,followed by the RL.The decreases of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the degraded lands were approximately 8-10 times as large as those found in the NV.However,after land restoration,the MBC and MBN increased approximately 5-fold and 2-fold,respectively,compared with the HDL.The results showed that land degradation produced a strong decrease in soil microbial biomass.However,land restoration may promote short-and long-term increases in soil microbial biomass.     

美国北阿巴拉契亚地区耕作措施和土地利用管理对土壤团聚体和有机碳的影响

Promoting soil carbon sequestration in agricultural land is one of the viable strategies to decelerate the observed climate changes.However,soil physical disturbances have aggravated the soil degradation process by accelerating erosion.Thus,reducing the magnitude and intensity of soil physical disturbance through appropriate farming/agricultural systems is essential to management of soil carbon sink capacity of agricultural lands.Four sites of different land use types/tillage practices,i) no-till (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) (NTC),ii) conventional till (CT) corn (CTC),iii) pastureland (PL),and iv) native forest (NF),were selected at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed Station,Ohio,USA to assess the impact of NT farming on soil aggregate indices including water-stable aggregation,mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD),and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents.The NTC plots received cow manure additions (about 15 t ha-1) every other year.The CTC plots involved disking and chisel ploughing and liquid fertilizer application (110 L ha-1).The results showed that both water-stable aggregation and MWD were greater in soil for NTC than for CTC.In the 0-10 cm soil layer,the ＞ 4.75-mm size fraction dominated NTC and was 46％ more than that for CTC,whereas the ＜ 0.25-mm size fraction was 380％ more for CTC than for NTC.The values of both MWD and GMD in soil for NTC (2.17 mm and 1.19 mm,respectively) were higher than those for CTC (1.47 and 0.72 mm,respectively) in the 0-10 cm soil layer.Macroaggregates contained 6％42％ and 13％ 43％ higher organic carbon and total nitrogen contents,respectively,than microaggregates in soil for all sites.Macroaggregates in soil for NTC contained 40％ more organic carbon and total nitrogen over microaggregates in soil for CTC.Therefore,a higher proportion of microaggregates with lower organic carbon contents created a carbon-depleted environment for CTC.In contrast,soil for NTC had more aggregation and contained higher organic carbon content within water-stable aggregates.The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks (Mg ha-1) among the different sites followed the trend of NF ＞ PL ＞ NTC ＞ CTC,being 35％-46％ more for NTC over CTC.The NT practice enhanced soil organic carbon content over the CT practice and thus was an important strategy of carbon sequestration in cropland soils.     

离子强度和三氧化物对土壤吸附Bt毒素的影响

Chemical reactions and fate of the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) in the soil environment are causing increasing concerns due to the large-scale cultivation of transgenic Bt plants.In this study,the effect of ionic strength(0-1 000 mmol kg 1) adjusted by NaCl or CaCl 2 on adsorption of Bt toxin by a lateritic red soil,a paddy soil and these soils after chemical removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides,as well as by pure minerals(goethite,hematite and gibbsite) which are widespread in these soils,were studied.The results indicated that when the supporting electrolyte was NaCl,the adsorption of Bt toxin by the lateritic red soil and paddy soil increased rapidly until the ionic strength reached 250 mmol kg 1 and then gradually slowed down with the increase of ionic strength;while in case the supporting electrolyte was CaCl 2,the adsorption of Bt toxin enhanced significantly at low ionic strength(< 10 mmol kg 1) and then decreased as the ionic strength increased.The adsorption of Bt toxin by the tested minerals and soils after the removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides also increased with increasing ionic strength controlled by NaCl.Removing organic-bound Fe and Al oxides obviously increased the adsorption of Bt toxin in the tested soils.Differently,removing free Fe and Al oxides increased the Bt adsorption by the paddy soil,but decreased the adsorption by the lateritic red soil.The study indicated that the varieties of ionic strength and the presence of Fe and Al oxides affected the adsorption of Bt toxin by the soils,which would contribute to the further understanding of the fate of Bt toxin in the soil environment and provide references for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic Bt plants.     

土壤-作物系统综合管理对中国东北冲积土有机碳特征的影响

A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon(C) sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM), which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems, has been successfully demonstrated to achieve both high crop productivity and high nutrient use efficiency in China, but the effects of ISSM on soil organic C(SOC) characteristics remain unknown. In this study, the effects of current farmers' practice(FP), high-yielding practice(HY), which maximizes yields without considering costs, and ISSM on the content and chemical composition of SOC were studied in a 4-year(2009–2013) field plot experiment with maize(Zea mays L.) monoculture in an Alluvic Primosol in Northeast China. The ISSM resulted in higher soil total organic C(TOC), water-soluble organic C, easily-oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, and humic acid C compared with HY and FP in the region. The SOC contents in aggregate size fractions generally followed a similar pattern to TOC. Compared with FP,HY decreased the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, percentage of 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregates, and increased the structure-deterioration rate and index of unstable aggregates. The opposite trend was observed between ISSM and HY. Solid-state ~(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bulk soil showed that ISSM had higher O-alkyl C and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio, but lower aromatic C, carbonyl C, and alkyl C/O-alkyl C and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios than HY and FP. Our results suggest that ISSM improves the quantity and quality of SOC and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and aggregate stability.     

The sensitivity of water extractable soil organic carbon fractions to land use in three soil types

Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a high impact on the sustainability of ecosystems, global environmental processes, soil quality and agriculture. Long-term tillage usually leads to SOC depletion. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different land uses on water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) fractions and to evaluate the interaction between the WEOC fractions and other soil properties. Using an extraction procedure at 20°C and 80°C, two fractions were obtained: a cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and a hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC). The results suggest that there is a significant impact from different land uses on WEOC. A lower relative contribution of WEOC in SOC and a lower concentration of labile WEOC fractions are contained in arable soil compared to forestlands. Chernozem soil was characterized by a lower relative contribution of WEOC to the SOC and thus higher SOC stability in contrast to Solonetz and Vertisol soils. Both CWEOC and HWEOC are highly associated with SOC in the silt and clay fraction (<53 µm) and were slightly associated with SOC in the macroaggregate classes. The WEOC fractions were highly and positively correlated with the SOC and mean weight diameter.     

红壤坡地不同土地利用方式土壤蒸发和植被蒸腾规律研究

为明确红壤坡地土壤水分耗散特征,通过田间定位观测,分析了农作区、茶园和桠柑园土壤水分蒸发和蒸腾过程。结果表明：蒸发、蒸腾与土壤表层含水率和植被叶面积指数关系密切,不同利用方式日蒸发量大小顺序为遮荫茶园〈对照茶园〈桠柑园〈农作区。茶树和桠柑蒸腾速率日变化曲线均呈现单峰型,桠柑日蒸腾速率比对照茶树弱,这两种土地利用方式下6—10月均以蒸腾耗水为主。遮荫可有效削弱茶园土壤蒸发及植被蒸腾。茶园蒸发受微地形条件影响较大,梯地蒸发比梯坎蒸发弱,而农作区和桠柑园土壤蒸发更多受水分条件的影响。合理的土地利用方式和适度遮荫可以有效降低红壤坡地土壤水分散失,提高水分利用效率和防治季节性干旱。     

中国东南部丘陵红壤地区的土地可持续利用

In the present work,an integrated analysis of natural and socio-economic conditions in the hilly red soil region of southeastern China is made by means of a Geographic Information System.Particular emphasis lies on soil degradation and other adverse ecological and environmental effects of the prevalent and irrational land-use systems of mono-and valley-agriculture in the region.Moreover,taking into account the simultaneous existence of enormous potentials and serious constraints and the high diversity and complexity of the biophysical and socio-economic environments,a set of strategies and countermeasures are also proposed for appropriate management of environmental resources,in terms of maintaining harmony between utilization and coservation of the natural environment,including 1) adjustment of the agricultural structure and optimization of ecological patterns of stereo-agriculture;2) improvement and integrated exploitation of the low-yield lands and wastelands;3) ehabilitation and conservation of soil and water resources;and 4) establishment of production bases of tropical and subtropical cash crops and fruits.     

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤团粒结构分形特征

土壤团粒、水稳性团粒和微团粒状况是影响土壤结构和性质的重要因素。运用分形理论研究黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域7种不同土地利用方式土壤团粒结构的分形特征。结果表明：表层土壤团粒的分形维数在1．641—2．114之间,其大小顺序为人工草地〉果园〉坡耕地〉乔木林地〉灌丛〉天然草地〉人工梯田。土壤水稳性团粒的分形维数在1．774～2．384之间,其变化顺序为果园〉乔木林地〉人工草地〉坡耕地〉天然草地〉人工梯田〉灌丛,二者均表现出≥0．25mm粒级土壤团粒含量越低,分形维数越高的规律;分形维数与≥5mm、5～2mm和≥0．25mm粒级的土壤团粒、水稳性团粒呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）,与〈0．25mm粒级的呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）;结合团粒结构体破坏率可知,灌丛土壤结构与稳定性最好,其次为天然草地,人工草地最差;表层土壤微团粒结构分形维数在2．360～2．487之间,大小顺序为天然草地〉乔木林地〉坡耕地〉人工梯田〉人工草地〉果园〉灌丛,灌丛有助于促进土壤微结构形成,分形维数与0．25-0．05mm和〉0．001mm粒级土壤微团粒含量呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）,与〈0．001mm粒级土壤微团粒含量呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）;下层土壤质地主要与成土母质有关,人为干扰小,3种分形维数间存在显著正相关水平（P〈0．05）,土壤有机质含量与3种分形维数显著负相关（P〈0．05）。土壤团粒结构分形特征可作为土壤评价指标之一,分形理论为土壤结构、性质和评价研究提供了新方法。     

呼伦贝尔市岭东黑土区耕地土壤肥力的演化

本研究结合全国耕地地力调查与质量评价项目的实施,利用“3S”技术对呼伦贝尔市岭东黑土区的68.11万公顷耕地进行了系统调查。根据1980～1982年全国第二次土壤普查927个土壤农化样点,与2002～2003年全国耕地地力调查与质量评价项目的1007个农化样点的同位对比资料,对该地区土壤的肥力现状进行了系统的分析。结果表明,该地区的耕地土壤肥力退化明显,其中土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾下降幅度较大,20年间分别下降了15.52g/kg、0.813.g/kg、27.7.mg/kg、64.3.mg/kg,下降幅度分别为25.38%、26.3%、12.93%和27.35%。只有土壤速效磷表现明显上升趋势,增长幅度达105.83%,这与多年大量施用磷肥有关,说明人类的生产活动对土壤肥力的变化有重大影响,通过合理有效地补充土壤养分是能够调节土壤养分平衡的。     

新增耕地土壤物质组分特征及其培肥研究

为了解土地整理新增耕地土壤物质组成及土壤肥力状况,对新增耕地土壤矿物成分、化学成分、污染元素和土壤化学性质进行了分析,分析结果将为新增耕地土壤培肥提供依据.实验结果表明新增耕地土壤养分的有效氮、磷、钾及有机质比较缺乏,必须对其进行培肥.利用固体废物对新增耕地土壤进行培肥,其成本低,工艺简单,培肥效果良好.     

Short-term effects of tillage practices on soil aggregate fractions in a Chinese Mollisol

Abstract

Soil aggregate-size distribution and soil aggregate stability are used to characterize soil structure. Quantifying the changes of structural stability of soil is an important element in assessing soil and crop management practices. A 5-year tillage experiment consisting of no till (NT), moldboard plow (MP) and ridge tillage (RT), was used to study soil water-stable aggregate size distribution, aggregate stability and aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) at four soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) of a clay loam soil in northeast China. Nonlinear fractal dimension (D_m) was used to characterize soil aggregate stability. No tillage led to a significantly greater aggregation for >1 mm aggregate and significant SOC changes in this fraction at 0–5 cm depth. There were significant positive relationships between SOC and >1 mm aggregate, SOC in each aggregate fraction, but there was no relationship between soil aggregate parameters (the proportion of soil aggregates, aggregate-associated SOC and soil stability) and soil bulk density. After 5 years, there was no difference in D_m of soil aggregate size distribution among tillage treatments, which suggested that D_m could not be used as an indicator to assess short-term effects of tillage practices on soil aggregation. In the short term, > 1 mm soil aggregate was a better indicator to characterize the impacts of tillage practices on quality of a Chinese Mollisol, particularly in the near-surface layer of the soil.     

不同土地利用方式的土壤团粒及微团粒的分形特征

 为研究不同土地利用方式对土壤团粒和微团粒的影响,探索土壤质量、结构的定量化描述,在宁夏固原上黄试验区,对灌木林地、农地、天然草地、果园和人工草地5种利用方式土壤的团粒结构和微团聚体结构及其分形特征进行分析和研究。结果表明:土壤团聚体总量为天然草地>灌木林地>果园>农地>人工草地,而且这5种土地利用方式土壤团粒结构分形维数在2.36～2.84之间,表现为团聚体总量越低,其结构的粒径分布的分形维数越高;其中天然草地和灌木林地有助于土壤微团聚体的形成,其他利用方式较差,同时发现>0.005mm粒级的微团聚体与分形维数表现为极显著负相关,而<0.005粒级（黏粒）的微团聚体表现为极显著正相关;土壤团聚体和微团聚体的分形维数可以表明土壤物理性质的好坏。不合理的土地利用方式是土壤退化和生态环境恶化的主要原因,因此,合理利用土地势在必行。     

基于土地利用和覆被变化的黄河三角洲土壤质量预警研究

该文通过1987和2002年黄河三角洲土地利用和覆被变化与土壤肥力变化的对比分析，探讨土地利用和覆被变化对土壤肥力的影响。研究结果表明：土地利用和覆被变化对土壤肥力变化有直接影响，耕地转为林草地、建设用地、盐荒地和沙地，土壤肥力均有下降趋势；林草地转为滩涂的土壤肥力明显下降，转为盐荒地的略有下降；沙地转为耕地的土壤肥力明显提高，转为林草地有下降趋势，转为盐荒地的略有提高或不变；盐荒地转为耕地的土壤肥力有较大的提高，转为林草地的保持不变或稍有下降，转为沙地的稍有提高，转为建设用地的略微下降；滩涂转为盐荒地的土壤肥力保持不变或略微下降，转为林草地的稍有提高。