Detection of steroid hormone (estrogen) residues in imported red meat

28 immature female albino mice were utilized to clarify, if hormonal agents used in the production of meat for human consumption, such as estrogen, remained in higher quantity in meat cut from carcasses of animals which had received hormones for finishing, and if those residues were harmful to the human consumer. The animals were subdivided into 4 equal groups. Group A for control were fed a normal ration. Each mouse in Group B received one daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 micrograms of oestradiol propionate. Group C were fed a daily normal ration of 5 g per animal mixed with imported minced meat. Group D were fed as Group C, but local minced meat was used. Sera were collected after one week. There were significant increases in both FSH and LH in Group B. A slight rise in both FSH and LH in Groups C and D. Group A exhibited lower levels of both FSH and LH. The number of Graafian follicles was significantly higher in Group B. Body weight (b.w.) of Group B increased faster than in other groups. Groups C and D were very close to each other in b.w., indicating that imported meat and our local meat were free of any estrogenic residues.     

Some effects of reduced energy intake on the development of anaplasmosis in Bos indicus cross steers

Some effects of the plane of nutrition on the development of anaplasmosis in Brahman cross steers were investigated. Batches of 39 and 30 Brahman cross steers, aged approximately 27 months were each divided by stratified randomisation into 4 groups of similar mean PCV and body weight. Two similar experiments, designated A and B were conducted. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a ration of lucerne chaff at the rate of 1 M Cal ME/80 kg live weight/day for 8 weeks aimed to reduce body weight by approximately 5 kg/week. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were fed a ration for the same period aimed to increase body weight by approximately 2 kg/week. Groups 1 and 3 were then inoculated with approximately 10(10) Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes and the effects of the subsequent infections during the clinical and recovery phases were examined by measuring humoral antibody response, packed cell volume, parasitaemia and body weight. Groups 2 and 4 were uninfected controls. Anaplasmosis, as measured by three responses, was less severe in the starved animals of group 1. Significant differences in packed cell volume and parasitaemia were detected for short periods between the infected groups 1 and 3. Anaplasmosis caused losses of 6.2% and 5.9% in the mean body weight of group 3 animals in experiments A and B respectively. Most of this loss occurred during the clinical phase of the disease. The disease caused no apparent loss of weight in the infected animals of group 1.     

不同日粮配方对断奶犊牛生长发育的影响

为研究不同日粮配方对断奶犊牛生长发育的影响,试验采用随机区组设计,选择3～4月龄西杂公牛40头,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。以白豌豆、豆粕、棉粕、胡麻饼等为原料设计8组(A_1、A_2,B_1、B2,C_1、C2,D_1、D_2)日粮配方,对犊牛进行180 d饲喂试验。试验分两个阶段进行,第1阶段(犊牛体重100～200 kg)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组牛分别饲喂A_1、B_1、C_1、D_1配方日粮,第2阶段(犊牛体重201～300 kg)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组牛分别饲喂A_2、B_2、C_2、D_2配方日粮。结果表明:100～200 kg阶段,Ⅱ组犊牛平均日增重分别较Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组多增重32.22 g、26.67 g、56.67 g,Ⅱ组头均日增重效益分别较Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组提高6.47%、6.74%、15.59%,4组犊牛在体尺发育方面差异不明显(P>0.05);201～300 kg阶段,Ⅳ组犊牛平均日增重分别较Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高261.09 g(P<0.05)、225.53 g(P>0.05)、197.80 g(P>0.05),Ⅳ组犊牛头均日增重效益分别较Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高7.41元(P<0.05)、6.65元(P>0.05)、5.58元(P>0.05),Ⅳ组犊牛的体尺指数较其他组高。说明按照犊牛在100～200 kg生长阶段营养需要配制的玉米+小麦麸+豆粕+粗饲料型日粮(B1配方)、201～300 kg生长阶段配制的玉米+小麦麸+胡麻饼+粗饲料型日粮(D2配方)饲喂犊牛可降低饲养成本,提高饲料报酬和日增重,增加经济效益。     

饲料中不同水平的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同比例的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响,试验选取40头60 kg左右的育肥猪,采用单因素完全随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组8头猪。对照组饲喂“玉米+豆粕”型基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂含有3%、6%、9%和12%的玉米柠檬酸渣饲粮。结果表明：⑴4个试验组与对照组平均日采食量差异不显著（P>0.05）;⑵A组、B组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,A组、B组平均日增重分别比对照组高0.77%、1.24%（P>0.05）,料肉比较对照组分别低1.63%、2.29%（P>0.05）;⑶C组、D组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,C组、D组平均日增重分别比对照组低2.73%、4.39%,料肉比较对照组分别高3.59%、4.9%（P<0.05）;⑷A组、B组育肥猪每增重1 kg所需的饲料成本分别降低2.52%、4.4%。说明在日粮中添加一定量的玉米柠檬酸渣,对育肥猪生长性能有一定的促进作用,养殖经济效益显著,其中以6%的添加量较为适宜。     

丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鹅生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对1~70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响。选择1日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鹅。A组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,B组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌(有效活菌数为3.0×10^6 CFU/g),C组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌(有效活菌数为2.0×10^7 CFU/g),D组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌+250 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌。试验期10周。结果表明:1)B、C和D组总增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组总采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)B、C和D组空肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)C、D组血清和回肠总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D组空肠谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组空肠总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。D组回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)C组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。B、C和D组回肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组回肠V/C显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及二者混合制剂可提高肉鹅总增重、空肠脂肪酶活性及抗氧化功能,添加枯草芽孢杆菌可更好地改善肠道形态。     

饲用油菜混合青贮对湖羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲用油菜与其他粗饲料混合青贮对湖羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取200只湖羊公羔（3月龄）随机等分为两组,分别饲喂玉米青贮全混合日粮（对照组）和油菜混合青贮日粮（试验组）,试验期90 d。试验结束时每组随机挑选10只湖羊屠宰,测定其屠宰性能和肉品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组湖羊胴体重、背膘厚和眼肌面积等屠宰性能无显著变化（P>0.05）;肝脏重极显著增高（P<0.01）,肾脏重显著增高（P<0.05）;宰后45 min、24 h背最长肌的红度值（a_{45 min24 h}^*）极显著降低（P<0.01）;背最长肌中山嵛酸（C22：0）含量显著增高（P<0.05）,花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）、二十二碳六烯酸（C22：6n3）及n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）;其他肉质性状指标及脂肪酸组成均无显著差异（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,以饲用油菜混合青贮为粗饲料饲喂湖羊,可以达到与传统全株玉米青贮相近的效果,对湖羊的屠宰性能和肉品质没有不利影响,为饲用油菜在养羊业上的应用提供了理论依据。     

代乳料原料组成对早期断奶羔羊生长及脏器发育的影响

为了探讨代乳料原料的不同组合效应对早期断奶羔羊的饲喂效果,选取25只甘肃高山细毛羔羊,分为5组,每组5只,对照组羔羊由母羊自由哺乳和放牧;试验组羔羊30日龄断奶,饲喂4种代乳料:A组主原料未膨化,B组主原料膨化,C组主原料膨化+血浆蛋白粉,D组在C组基础上增加乳清粉。试验期为30~90日龄。结果表明:50、70日龄时,对照组羔羊体质量最大,试验组羔羊受断奶应激的影响,相应指标较小。90日龄时,D组体质量显著高于B、C组(P0.05),超过了对照组。30~90日龄阶段,D组日增体质量最大,且显著高于B、C组(P0.05)。对照组脾脏质量显著高于4个试验组(P0.05),且脾脏指数最高。说明在代乳料中添加血浆蛋白粉及增加乳清粉,有利于羔羊健康发育,使代乳料的饲喂效果最佳。     

饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验选用28只体重为(23.35±2.45)kg的波杂羊(波尔山羊×徐淮山羊),随机分成4组(每组7只),分别饲喂含0(A组,作为对照组)、15%(B组)、25%(C组)、40%金针菇菌渣(D组)的试验饲粮。试验羊单独饲喂,在试验结束时(饲喂45 d后)进行屠宰,分别测定山羊的屠宰率、眼肌面积以及背最长肌的pH、色度、剪切力、蒸煮损失率和滴水损失率。结果表明:1)C组的屠宰率与B组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于A和D组(P0.05);C组的屠宰率分别比A、B和D组提高了2.46%、1.35%和8.32%。B和C组的眼肌面积与A组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于D组(P0.05)。2)C组山羊的背最长肌的滴水损失率与B和D组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著低于A组(P0.05);与A、B和D组相比,C组山羊的背最长肌的蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05);B、C和D组的剪切力差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著低于A组(P0.05)。饲粮中添加不同水平的金针菇菌渣对山羊背最长肌宰后45 min pH(pH_(45 min))、宰后24 h pH(pH_(24 h))、红度(a~*)值和黄度(b~*)值无显著影响(P0.05),但能显著降低背最长肌亮度(L~*)值。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同水平的金针菇菌渣对山羊的屠宰性能以及肉品质产生不同程度的影响,饲粮中金针菇菌渣水平为25%时对提高山羊的屠宰性能以及改善肉品质方面具有较好的效果。     

生长毛兔复合添加剂配方筛选试验

选择年龄相近 ,健康无病 ,体重约 1kg的珍珠系长毛兔 1 0 0只 ,根据体重、性别 ,按组间相似的原则分为 4组 ,每组 2 5只 ,A、B、C 3组为试验组 ,分别添加 1 ,2 ,3号复合添加剂 ,D组为对照组 ,添加市售微量元素、多维素添加剂 ,蛋氨酸。试验各组基础日粮完全相同。60d的饲养试验结果表明 ,对照组的发病率显著高于试验组 ,而成活率则低于各试验组。B、C两组的平均增重显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;3个试验组相比 ,B、C组比A组增重分别提高1 0 34%和 1 4 94% ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而B、C两组间增重差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

抑制素α主动和被动免疫对哈萨克羊生殖激素含量的影响

为了研究抑制素α（INHα）主动和被动免疫对哈萨克羊生殖激素含量的影响，本试验在对抑制素α重组质粒表达菌株进行诱导表达的基础上，将经纯化、鉴定的抑制素α重组蛋白免疫接种新疆双峰骆驼，制备驼抗抑制素α多克隆抗体，并对其进行纯化，检测抗体效价，验证抗体的特异性。之后选择3~5岁、发情时间相近并处于间情期的45只成年哈萨克羊随机分为3组，分别作为抑制素α多克隆抗体免疫组（A组）、抑制素α重组蛋白免疫组（B组）及对照组（C组），每隔10 d连续进行3次加强免疫，应用ELISA法检测在绵羊繁殖活动中具有重要功能的5种生殖激素：促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、孕酮素（P₄）、雌激素（E₂）、抑制素（INH），并检测血液生化指标。结果显示，IPTG的最佳诱导浓度是0.6 mmol/L，在4 h时诱导出产量较高的抑制素α包涵体蛋白，纯化后的抑制素α重组蛋白纯度较高，并具有较好的免疫原性，经进一步验证发现，制备的抑制素α抗体效价为1：512 000，该抗体可与抑制素α重组蛋白特异性结合。说明成功制备了具有免疫原性的抑制素α重组蛋白和高效价的驼抗抑制素α多克隆抗体。免疫后A组LH、P₄含量和B组FSH、LH、P₄、E₂、INH含量与C组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），而A组FSH含量和E₂含量显著高于C组（P<0.05），INH含量显著低于C组（P<0.05）。通过血液生化指标检测发现，抑制素α蛋白和抑制素α抗血清两种免疫制剂免疫后，试验动物均没有出现不良症状。说明两种抑制素α抗原均可对哈萨克羊血液生殖激素的分泌产生良好效果，相比之下抑制素α抗血清免疫效果更佳。     

Nutritive physiological effects of dietary fats in rations of growing swine. 6. Effect of soya oil and lard on growth performance and carcass characteristics and various blood parameters in fattening swine

Groups of each 10 boars, weight range 20-60 kg, were fed ad libitum the following 4 rations of similar protein: energy ratio: Ration I (control), Ration II (+ 2% soyaoil ), Ration III (+ 2% soyaoil + 5% lard), Ration IV (+ 7% lard). When the animals reached 60 kg body weight each group was halved. One half had free access to the above rations, while the other half were fed ad libitum on the control ration. At body weights of 50 and 100 kg the concentrations of urea, insulin, glucose and cholesterol were measured, in addition the fatty acid composition of the backfat. At the end of the experiment (100 kg) the content of fat in the carcass was calculated by determining the specific gravidity of the carcass. There was little difference in the intake of metabolizable energy (ME) of the different groups of animals at both body weight ranges as a result of the reduction in feed intake of the fat supplemented diets on account of the higher ME-content. There were little differences in the glucose and urea concentrations in the blood of the animals fed the different rations. The highest cholesterol and the lowest insulin levels were measured in groups III and IV, when 5 and 7% lard was added, respectively. The animals, continuously fed Rations III and IV over the whole period of experiment, had a significantly higher fat content (p less than 0,05) than the control animals. There was a very marked influence of the fatty acid intake on the fatty acid pattern of the backfat. Following the change of feed to the control ration at 60 kg body weight, the linoleic acid content of the animals in Groups III and IV was significantly reduced (p less than 0,001) from 15.7 to 11.2%. However this was higher than the 7.3% linoleic acid measured on the animals continuously fed the control ration.     

Effect of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin on feed efficiency, on physiologic, immunologic, and pathologic changes, and on tissue residues in steers

Two of 3 groups of Holstein-Friesian steers (groups II and III; n = 5 each) were fed a ration containing corn naturally contaminated with 800 ng of aflatoxin/g. The other group of steers (group I; n = 5) was fed a ration containing noncontaminated corn. The respective rations were fed for 17.5 weeks, except the ration given to group III; the latter's first diet (contaminated with aflatoxin) was changed to a noncontaminated diet after 15 weeks, continuing for the remaining 2.5 weeks. All steers were killed and tissues and fluids were obtained for aflatoxin analysis. Although aflatoxin B1 and M1 could be detected in blood and urine at several sampling times during the experimental period in groups II and III steers (given the diets containing aflatoxin), there appeared to be no effects on body weight gains and immune phenomena, such as lymphoblastogenesis and antibody production, but there was a waning of the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in steers given aflatoxin-contaminated diets. In group III animals (diet was changed to noncontaminated ration at 15 weeks), aflatoxin B1 and M1 disappeared from urine before they were slaughtered. All tissues and fluids, except the rumen contents from these group III steers, were void of detectable aflatoxins B1 and M1 at necropsy. The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 in the rumen content of the latter steers were low. All tissues collected at necropsy from the group II steers fed the aflatoxin diet throughout the 17.5 weeks had detectable aflatoxins B1 or M1 present.     

日粮精粗比对湖羊瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响

为了研究日粮精粗比对湖羊瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响,试验选择40只体重相近、体况良好且健康的湖羊羔羊,随机分为4组,每组10只(公母各半),各试验组羊分别饲喂精粗比70:30(A)、60:40(B)、50:50(C)和40:60(D)的全混合日粮,试验期为70 d。结果表明:1)试验B组的氨态氮、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量均显著高于试验D组(P<0.05)。2)4组共产生875个OTU,其中共有OTU为725个,占总OTU数量的82.86%,试验A和D组分别含特有OTU为6和1个。试验A组的细菌门数量和香浓指数显著高于试验C和D组(P<0.05),而辛普森指数则显著低于试验B和C组(P<0.05)。试验C组细菌多样性与试验A和B组差异显著(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,试验A组的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和螺旋菌门(Spirochaetae)相对丰度显著高于试验C和D组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,试验A组毛螺菌科_ND3007(Lachnospiraceae_ND3007)、密螺旋体属_2(Treponema_2)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、厌氧支原体属(Anaeroplasma)、短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)、未培养瘤胃杆菌属(Uncultured_rumen_ bacterium)和罗斯氏菌属(Roseburia)的相对丰度显著高于试验D组(P<0.05),而毛螺菌科_XPB1014(Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014)和未培养拟杆菌目_BS11(Uncultured _Bacteroidales_BS11)的相对丰度则分别显著低于试验C和D组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高精粗比日粮能够提高湖羊瘤胃细菌丰富度和多样性,促进瘤胃的发酵。     

小麦全株青贮饲料饲喂育肥猪效果研究

为探讨小麦全株青贮饲料的饲喂方法,以汶鑫黑猪和三元(杜×长×大)杂交猪为研究对象,通过饲养对比试验,证明小麦全株青贮饲料在中国地方猪和进口三元猪上应用的可行性.选择体重相近的汶鑫黑猪120头,分别饲喂基础日粮和用14％的小麦全株青贮饲料替代基础日粮,测定平均日采食量和平均日增重;同时,选取体重相近(60±0.16 kg...     

放牧条件下不同处理对西门塔尔牛超排效果的影响

 为探索适合草原放牧条件下西门塔尔牛的超数排卵技术,分别采用国产及进口促卵泡素(FSH)和三种方案（A：FSH+PG;B：FSH+PG+GnRH;C：FSH+PG+CIDR +GnRH）对放牧条件下西门塔尔牛进行超数排卵试验。结果表明,采用国产FSH超排时,方案A、方案B和方案C所获头均可用胚数分别为（3.43±2.41）枚、（5.93±3.54）枚和（7.21±3.19）枚,采用进口FSH超排时,三种超排方案所获头均可用胚数分别为（4.34±2.71）枚、（6.76±3.79）枚和（7.79±4.23）枚,采用两种FSH超排,方案B、方案C所获头均可用胚数明显高于方案A（P<0.05）;3种方案中,国产与进口FSH所获头均可用胚数差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验表明,在放牧条件下,采用三种超排处理方案,以FSH+PG+CIDR+GnRH法最好,FSH+PG+GnRH法次之,FSH+PG法效果最差;国产FSH与进口FSH超排效果差异不显著。     

Effects of dihydrotestosterone administration with and without estradiol pretreatment on gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized pony mares

Twenty ovariectomized pony mares were used to determine if dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) administration, with or without estradiol benzoate (EB) pretreatment, would have the same effects on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion as testosterone propionate (TP) administration. All mares were given an initial injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to characterize their LH and FSH response, and then two groups of mares (n = 4/group) were administered EB (22 micrograms/kg of body weight), two groups were administered vehicle (safflower oil) and a fifth group was administered TP (175 micrograms/kg of body weight) daily for 10 days. Following a second injection of GnRH, one group of EB-treated mares and one group of oil-treated mares were administered DHTP (175 micrograms/kg of body weight) daily for 10 days; the other EB- and oil-treated mares were administered oil and the TP-treated mares were continued on the same dose of TP for 10 days. A final injection of GnRH was then given. Treatment with EB increased (P less than .01) concentrations of LH in daily blood samples and increased (P less than .05) the LH response to exogenous GnRH. Administration of TP or DHTP reduced (P less than .05) both daily LH concentrations and the LH response to exogenous GnRH. Concentrations of FSH in daily blood samples were reduced (P less than .05) and the FSH response to exogenous GnRH was increased (P less than .05) by administration of EB alone, DHTP alone or TP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

日粮纤维源及添加水平对北方白鹅生产性能及消化道发育的影响

选取3周龄健康、体重均一的北方白鹅雏鹅360只,采用3因素3水平有对照的试验设计,随机分成10组,每组36只。对照组(D)饲喂基础日粮,试验组即3个不同纤维源组玉米秸青贮组(A)、玉米秸微贮组(B)、玉米秸干贮组(C),每个纤维源组分别设3个水平,4~7周龄饲喂粗纤维比例为4%(Ⅰ)、7%(Ⅱ)、10%(Ⅲ)的日粮,进行28 d的饲养试验,并在7周龄时进行屠宰试验。饲养试验结果表明:不同纤维比例的日粮对北方白鹅的生产性能有显著的影响,CⅡ组体重显著高于其他组(P<0.05),高纤维Ⅲ组体重最低,料重比最高。屠宰试验表明:不同纤维比例日粮对北方白鹅的肌胃重和十二指肠长度有显著的影响,纤维素组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05),但其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同日粮显著影响十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高、肠壁厚度,对照组绒毛高度和肠壁厚与纤维素组间达到差异显著水平(P<0.05),而隐窝深度差异不显著(P>0.05)。4~7周龄7%粗纤维比例日粮有利于北方白鹅的生产性能的发挥。     

不同诱食剂对安格斯犊牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及部分血清激素的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同诱食剂对安格斯犊牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及部分血清激素的影响。采用单因子随机区组设计,选用平均体重165.1 kg±35.5 kg、约6月龄的健康安格斯肉犊牛24头,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组6个重复。A组为对照组,饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）;B、C、D组分别饲喂TMR+0.24%绿色素、TMR+1.2 g/d XTRACT^® 7065（香味剂）、TMR+0.4%甜蜜素。预饲期10 d,正饲期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,B、C、D组平均干物质采食量（ADMI）均显著提高（P < 0.05）。各诱食剂均能提高犊牛营养物质表观消化率,但各诱食剂的影响程度不同,其中B组酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率显著高于其他诱食剂组（P < 0.05）,B组中性洗涤纤维（NDF）表观消化率显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。在试验第31天采食后1 h,各组间神经肽Y（NPY）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量差异均不显著（P > 0.05）,B、D组NPY含量高于对照组,C组则低于对照组,B、D组5-HT含量均低于对照组,而C组则高于对照组。综合考虑,日粮中添加绿色剂、香味剂及甜味剂均可在一定程度上提高犊牛生长性能及营养物质消化率;绿色剂和甜味剂可以提高犊牛血清中NPY含量,而香味剂则使犊牛血清中5-HT含量升高。     

The effect of ionizing irradiation on sensory changes in feed in relation to their utilization by dogs

To evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on sensory changes of feeds in relation to their utilization by dogs, four groups of experimental animals were formed. Two groups were fed a ration where the main component (meat feed mixture VETACAN and loose feed mixture VETAVIT) was irradiated by radioisotope Co 60 at the dose of 25 kGy/kg for the period of 90 days. In the remaining two groups a non-irradiated ration was used for the same period. For both diets, control groups of dogs were formed and the feed ration was biologically fortified by a vitamin-mineral supplement to the physiological standard. It followed from the observations that the effect of radiation caused a significant qualitative decrease in the level of energy nutrients, particularly in the protein and lipid sphere. It is assumed that the extent of damage of lipid fraction is also accompanied by deficient vitamin activity and further by significant changes of taste and aromatic properties felt by animals. Irradiation of the feed ration caused a significant 20 to 25% decrease of food intake with a subsequent decrease of live weight and deterioration of physical condition. Irradiated diets without biological fortification caused significant losses of weight from the initial value mean = 39.5 kg to mean = 35.33 kg, in comparison with the non-irradiated rations through which the live weight was stabilized, and at biological fortification positively influenced. Irradiation of the feed ration during the period of study had not caused a response of the organism displayed in changes of physiological values of body temperature and heart and respiration rates in experimental animals. Radiosterilization of feeds had not caused any significant decrease of training ability and performance of dogs.     

日粮能量水平对塞北乌骨鸡促性腺激素分泌的影响

为研究日粮能量水平对塞北乌骨鸡血清促性腺激素分泌的影响,试验选60只30周龄体重相近、来源相同、产蛋性能相似的塞北乌骨鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只鸡。试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验2~5组分别饲喂能量降低5%和10%及提高5%和10%日粮。采用放射免疫分析方法(RIA)测定血浆促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)。结果表明,试验结束时,与试验1组相比,试验2组FSH含量差异极显著(P<0.01);试验2组与试验1、3、4、5组组间LH含量差异极显著(P<0.01)。提示,能量通过促性腺激素分泌影响生殖性能。