机械式空气整根钵苗移栽器的研究

空气整根钵苗全自动移栽机的核心部件是移栽器。采用机械方式完成全自动移栽机的送秧和投苗，简化了现有全自动钵苗移栽机的电动或气动送秧和投苗装置，降低了成本。移栽器的性能试验表明，所研制的移栽器性能良好，适应国内市场需要。     

机械式空气整根钵苗移栽器的研究

空气整根钵苗全自动移栽机的核心部件是移栽器。采用机械方式完成全自动移栽机的送秧和投苗，简化了现有全自动钵苗移栽机的电动或气动送秧和投苗装置，降低了成本。移栽器的性能试验表明，所研制的移栽器性能良好，适应国内市场需要。     

空气整根营养钵育苗秧盘对培育水稻稀植大秧苗的影响

研究了空气整根营养钵育秧,非空气整根营养钵育秧和普通营养钵育秧三种不同育秧方式及稀植条件下水稻的生长发育特征,生理特性及其对产量的影响。研究结果表明:空气整根营养钵培育的秧苗素质好于其他两种秧盘培育的秧苗。水稻合理稀植后,茎杆粗壮,分蘖力增强,分蘖高峰期推迟,成穗率提高,产量提高。     

水稻钵苗空气整根气吸式有序移栽机的研究

采用空气整根育秧技术对水稻钵苗进行育秧试验，提出了水稻钵苗空气整根育秧、气吸取苗和投苗的有序移栽方案。试验结果表明，采用空气整根培育钵苗，根系遍布整个钵腔，生物学特性优于常规钵育秧，且移栽时钵体不易破碎和倒伏。采用空气整根钵盘，以较小的吸力，钵苗就可从钵腔底部取出，实现不伤苗和根的钵苗有序移栽。对气吸式水稻钵苗有序移栽机的总体方案设计、横纵向移箱装置、投苗装置进行了分析和研究，研制了样机。试验结果表明，由步进电机驱动齿轮齿条机构控制横纵向送秧箱，驱动曲柄摆杆机构控制吸气活门，由电磁铁控制导苗管投苗活门的单     

2Z—2型玉米营养钵育苗移栽机的设计计算

根据玉米育苗移栽的农艺栽培要求，在分析国内外众多移栽机的基础上，优化设计了适合玉米营养钵育苗移栽的关键部件，并且在试验基础上确定了栽培部件的最佳结构和运动参数，成功地研制了２Ｚ－２型玉米秧苗移栽机。     

北苍术育苗移栽技术

北苍术人工驯化栽培已成为北苍术持续发展的主要途径,通过试验探索,从苗床选择、整地施肥、种子处理、播种、苗床管理、病虫害防治、采挖与移栽等方面总结了北苍术育苗移栽技术.     

谷子高产高效栽培技术效应的研究

在谷子防秕增粒技术基础上，实行谷豆立体（条带）种植，土地当量系数较大，具有较高的生态生理效应，能有效地利用当地的自然资源条件，改善谷子体内生理过程，增加叶面积、净同化率和干物质积累，提高成粒数，因而高产高效。     

Effects of Temperature during Seedling Stage on Growth and Nutrient Absorbance of Gerbera jamesonii Growing in Organic Substrate

The effects of different temperature treatments during the seedling stage on growth and nutrient absorbance of Gerbera jamesonii cv ‘Sunshine Coast’ growing in the organic substrate were investigated. The temperature treatments were conducted in growth chamber where the day/night temperature were set to 15/10, 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25°C individually. The results showed that the fresh and dry weight of aboveground part and that of roots, average number of leaves and lateral roots were greater at 30/25°C than other treatments. The highest level of macro elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaf samples were also detected at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. However, there was no significant influence of different temperatures on zinc (Zn) levels in leaves. In general, the day temperature 25～30°C and night temperature 20～25°C are thought to be the better temperature condition for gerbera growth as well as the nutrient uptake and accumulation in the plants during the seedling stage.     

Effect of Foliar and Substrate Fertilization on Lady Palm Seedling Growth and Development

Lady palm, [Rhapis excelsa (Thunberg) Henry ex. Rehder] is one of the most cultivated ornamental palms in the world, for use as a vase plant or in shaded landscapes. Because limited information exists on lady palm response to fertilizers, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of fertilization and substrates on lady palm seedling growth and development. Three year old lady palms were planted in 8-L pots, filled with a mix of soil, manure, and sand 1:1:1 (v:v:v), placed under a 50% shade, and irrigated with microspray. Treatments were substrate fertilization with 500 g P₂O₅ and 100 g K₂O per m³; fertilization with 1.8 kg of P₂O₅ (simple superphosphate) per m³; 50 g of nitrogen (N), P₂O₅, and K₂O of a granulated fertilizer (10:10:10) per m³, control (without fertilization), and a foliar fertilization in addition to these treatments using the commercial product Biofert® (8:9:9). Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. Each treatment plot consisted of four plants. Data were collected at 140, 170, 200, 230, 260, and 290 days after transplanting (DAT) for plant heights, stem diameter at substrate level, number of leaves, shoots, and canopy, roots fresh and dry matter samples were harvest at 290 days. Foliar fertilization resulted in significantly greater plant height in a 140, 120, 200, and 230 DAT and plant diameter on the 140, 260, and 290 DAT. There was interaction among factors for number of leaves with fertilization based on P₂O₅ and K₂O when leaf fertilizer was added that resulted in a greater number of leaves.     

Corn Wastes and Peanut Shell as Growing Media for Production of Red Radish Plants in Soilless System

ABSTRACT

Peat is considered the conventional growing medium in most soilless culture systems. The high cost of peat and the urgent need of agricultural wastes recycling encouraged the scientists and soilless culture users to search for an alternative growth medium where optimal growth conditions are achieved and help in the safe disposal of wastes. In the current study, peanut shell (PS) and corn wastes (CW) were used as growing media in comparison to peat moss (PM). The tested organic wastes and peat moss were examined with sand at three mixing ratios (1:1 “M₁”, 1:2 “M₂” and 1:3 “M₃” raw material: washed sand, respectively). Red radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) plant were cultivated in 5 kg pots filled with the instigated growing media. Most of the recoded growth parameters were found in PS and PM growing media, while the lowest ones were found in CW. PS medium contained available N and P higher by 141 and 29% above the PM media. Although the peat moss gave the highest values in the measured growth characteristics, its high price decreased the net profit. The highest net profit value was obtained from PSM₂ followed by PSM₁ and PSM₃. According to the obtained results, the characteristics of the growth media derived from peanut shell qualify them for use in the production of red radish in soilless culture systems.     

壮秧剂对连作晚稻秧苗素质及生育特性的影响

通过双季晚稻旱育秧、湿润育秧、塑盘旱育秧、塑盘湿润育秧4 种不同育秧方式施用壮秧剂与不施用壮秧剂 (常规方法育秧) 秧苗生育特性的多点比较研究, 阐明了晚季育秧施壮秧剂生物学效应: (1) 秧苗素质提高, 主要表现为矮壮, 秧龄弹性强, 根系发达, 叶龄进展快, 分蘖率高, 单株带蘖数多, 干物质积累多; (2) 秧苗栽后早生快发, 有效穗多; (3) 对生育进程影响不大, 生育期与对照基本一致; (4) 具有一定的增产效果, 增产幅度为3.79% ～6.87% , 是晚稻培育适龄矮壮秧, 提高产量的有效途径。     

As对谷子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响

为探究As对谷子苗期生长的影响及谷子生长的临界浓度,设置As浓度梯度分别为0,2,4,8,10mg/kg,以石英砂为基质,通过培养试验,分析探讨不同浓度As对谷子萌发、苗期生长与抗氧化酶系统的影响。研究表明:低浓度的As(4mg/kg)促进谷子萌发,高浓度的As(≥4mg/kg)抑制谷子萌发。当As浓度为2 mg/kg时,谷子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数在所有处理中最高,其值分别为18.67%,32.00%和19.00%。低浓度的As对谷子幼苗生长有促进作用,高浓度对其有抑制作用,当As浓度为2mg/kg,谷子的株高、根长和地上部鲜重与地下部鲜重都达到最大值,分别为15.46,7.34cm和0.64,0.16g,随着As浓度梯度增加,地下部鲜重/地上部鲜重先增加后降低,As对根系的促进与抑制作用大于地上部,谷子幼苗根部的As含量均明显高于地上部,且TF值逐渐减小;当As浓度4mg/kg时,As能促进谷子叶绿素的合成,在As浓度为2 mg/kg时,谷子的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量显著高于对照28.38%,51.60%,37.06%,As浓度高于4mg/kg时,谷子的叶绿素合成受到抑制;随着As浓度梯度的增加,谷子幼苗的SOD活性不断增强,POD与CAT活性呈先增加后减小的趋势,但均高于对照,As浓度4mg/kg后,CAT活性开始减小;As浓度8mg/kg后,谷子幼苗的POD活性开始减小,表明低浓度的As(4mg/kg)对谷子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,高浓度的As(≥4mg/kg)抑制谷子萌发和幼苗生长,且根系对As胁迫的反应更为敏感,抗氧化酶系统(POD和CAT)活性降低。研究可为谷子的抗污染栽培和无公害生产提供科学依据。     

补光时间及光质对黄瓜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

为了明确温室黄瓜幼苗生长及根系活力对补光时间及光质的响应,本研究分析了补光时间(2、4和8h)及光质[红蓝复合光(R∶B=7∶3,R∶B=8∶2)、蓝光(B)、红光(R)和白光(W)]对黄瓜幼苗地上部形态、根系形态、根系活力及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,补光时间及光质对黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积、根分枝数、根系活力及地上部干重和壮苗指数影响显著,且互作效应显著。补光4h后黄瓜的各项生长指标均优于补光2、8h和不补光(CK);补照红蓝复合光处理后黄瓜的各项生长指标均优于补照蓝光、红光、白光和CK。其中,补照4h红蓝复合光(7∶3)处理下黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积、根分枝数和根系活力最高,黄瓜幼苗地上部干重和根干重分别显著高于补照2h蓝、红、白光,补照8h的蓝、红、白光及CK。黄瓜幼苗地上部干重、根干重均与根系活力呈显著正相关关系。说明通过补充4h红蓝复合光(7∶3)可显著提高根系活力,进而有效促进黄瓜幼苗干物质的积累,为培育壮苗奠定了生理基础。