克服胡杨与小叶杨远缘杂交障碍的研究

研究采用各种处理柱头的方法对胡杨(Populus euphratica)与小叶杨(Populus simonii)之间的杂交障碍进行研究,结果表明,用母本花粉提取液处理柱头的方法最为有效,其成苗率达到了73.68%,在此基础上对F1用回交、测交和自交的方法进行了遗传学分析,F1是真正的杂种,表明远缘杂交取得了成功。     

Effects of antibiotics on plantlet regeneration via organogenesis in Populus euphratica

Four antibiotics, kanamycin, geneticin, carbenicillin and cefotaxime,were evaluated for their effect on the regeneration of adventitious buds, shoot differentiation, rooting from regenerated shoots of Populus euphratica as well as on their control of Agrobacterium -mediated transformations. Results showed that the optimum concentration ranges of kanamycin and geneticin were 15-20 and 10-15 mg·L-1 at the stage of transgenic plantlet selection. The inhibitory effects of cefotaxime and carbenicillin varied among different genotypes of Agrobacterium. The inhibition of cefotaxime on Agrobacterium C58 was stronger than that of carbenicillin. The optimum concentration of cefotaxime was 100 mg·L-1. Cefotaxime and carbenicillin had similar effects on Agrobacterium LBA4404 and their optimum concentrations were both 150 mg·L-1.     

胡杨组织培养研究概述与问题讨论

胡杨插条繁殖生根极难，因而进行胡杨试管繁殖研究具有重要意义。对胡杨试管苗再生的途径及影响因子进行了综述，对胡杨组织培养中存在的黄萎、玻璃化等主要问题进行了讨论。试管苗黄萎问题没有解决，有必要进一步开展黄萎发生机理和高效再生体系的研究。     

酒泉地区胡杨容器育苗基质筛选试验

为筛选经济、优质的胡杨容器育苗基质,采用园土十生物有机肥十沙十蘑菇渣或秸秆(4∶2∶1∶3)基质、商品育苗基质、泥炭十珍珠岩十蛭石十生物有机肥(1∶1∶1∶1)基质、园土十沙十有机肥(5∶3∶2)基质进行胡杨容器播种育苗试验,通过基质理化性质测定和不同基质栽植胡杨容器苗的综合评价,结果表明:园土十生物有机肥十沙十蘑菇渣...     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子萌发期抗盐性的研究

新疆位于我国西北地区，由于位居欧亚大陆中心，四周距离海洋甚远，加上四周高山高原的阻挡及盆地内塔克拉玛干和库尔班通古特两大沙漠的“热锅效应”，更加剧了气候的干旱程度，从而形成了占统治地位的荒漠自然景观。     

胡杨叶片不同叶形的分形特征研究

通过测定阿拉尔地区胡杨相同叶形及不同叶形的叶片叶脉的分形特征,对胡杨叶片的分形特征进行了研究。结果表明:胡杨叶片存在柳形、卵状菱形和鸡爪形等3种叶形;同一株胡杨相同叶形的成熟未老叶片在统计意义上具有相似的分形特征;同一株胡杨不同叶形的成熟未老叶片的分形特征不同。     

土壤水分胁迫对胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究正常供水(土壤相对含水量70%～80%)、中度水分胁迫(50%～60%)和重度水分胁迫(30%～40%)条件下,胡杨和灰叶胡杨2年生幼苗光合作用-光响应特性.结果表明:胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线函数.在正常供水条件下,胡杨、灰叶胡杨的最大光合速率(Pn max)分别为24.59、16.68 μmol CO2· m-2s-1,表观光合量子效率(AQY)分别为0.059、0.036 μmol CO2·μmol-1photons,光饱和点(LSP)分别为603、517 μmol photons·m-2s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为42、41 μmol photons·m-2s-1、暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为2.99、1.45 μmol CO2·m-2s-1.土壤水分胁迫能显著降低胡杨、灰叶胡杨Pn max、AQY、LSP,而对LCP及Rd无显著影响.无论在正常供水还是在土壤水分胁迫条件下,胡杨均表现出更高的光合活性,其Pn、Pn max、LSP、AQY及Rd值均比灰叶胡杨高,而LCP值,二者之间无显著差异.表明生长在同一生境中的胡杨对光照、土壤水分的生态适应能力高于灰叶胡杨.     

Construction of cDNA Library from Populus euphratica

1 Introduction Populus euphratica is a salt tolerant tree species, which is mainly distributed in the desert regions in northwest China (Wei 1993). Moreover, it is the only large tree species, which can survive and develop into forest in these arid and saline-alkali areas. P. euphratica forest plays a very important role in restraining the expansion of desert, maintaining ecological environment in west China, protecting the biological diversity and raising the local people抯 living standard…     

不同水分条件下胡杨和新疆杨苗期叶绿素变化

在不同水分条件下,应用SPDA-502叶绿素测定仪测定了胡杨和新疆杨苗木旺盛生长期的叶绿素含量.结果表明:(1)在7月和8月,不同水分处理下胡杨和新疆的叶绿素含量变化存在差异,7月胡杨叶绿素含量随着水分降低呈现增长趋势,而新疆杨叶绿素含量表现出先升后降再升高的趋势.8月叶绿素的含量变化是随着水分的减少2个树种都呈现先升...     

胡杨幼苗黑星病初步研究

对发生于新疆吉木萨尔是胡杨上的黑星病进行了调查研究，经鉴定该病是由山杨黑星孢菌[(Fusicladium tremulas (Fr.)Aderh]引起。病害的发病程度与品种有关，不同胡杨品种的感病程度依次为：胡杂1号＞胡杂3号＞胡杂4号＞胡杂2号＞胡杂5号；苗高、地径及叶甲数量与感病指数之间无显著相关性。     

浅析乌海市胡杨岛胡杨林移植技术与养护管理

对乌海市胡杨岛胡杨林移植的准备工作、移植技术及养护管理进行了综述,以期对今后的胡杨移植提供理论依据。     

胡杨蒸腾耗水的单木测定与林分转换研究

利用热脉冲技术,在黑河下游额济纳天然绿洲内测定胡杨单木边材液流在不同位点、方位的变化,结果表明:液流速率随深度的增加而增大,在15 mm处达到最大值,随后随深度增加而减小,越靠近形成层,液流启动越早,减小滞后;在4个方位上,南、西面液流速率远远高于北、东面;南面比西面液流启动较早,下降较快;西面液流速率下降滞后于南面;在北与东面,2个方位液流速率变化不大.在此基础上,采用边材面积作为纯量,对胡杨近熟林耗水量进行了推算.胡杨林边材面积与胸径之间存在较高的相关性,两者之间的关系可以用幂模型很好地拟合.通过实测标准地的胸径分布,推算出林地边材面积的分布,利用热脉冲测定单木液流通量,推算出黑河下游胡杨近熟林年生长期(4-10月)耗水量为3 172 m3·hm-2.     

水培胡杨抗盐特性的研究*

1987和1989年,利用1、2年生胡杨苗,在水培条件下,通过电导率仪控制培养液浓度,对受盐害苗木进行了分析。研究结果表明,几种盐对苗木危害的排序是:Na_2CO_3>NaHCO_3>NaCl>CaSO_4>MgSO_4>以NaCl为主的盐渍皮。CaSO_4对苗木没有毒害作用。1年生苗比2年生苗受盐害后症状明显,但总的趋势是一致的。蒸馏水催根苗木,在蒸馏水中加盐后死亡浓度是:Na_2CO_3 0.05％、NaHCO_3 0.07％、NaCl 0.17％、CaSO_4 0.7％、MgSO_4 1.9％、以NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.5％。0.1％相应盐水催根苗在盐水培养液中加盐后,抗盐极限提高到:NaCl1.1％、MgSO_4 3.5％、NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.7％。说明胡杨幼苗经过抗盐处理后,可以显著地提高抗盐害能力。     

Nighttime transpiration of Populus euphratica during different phenophases

Evidence exists of nighttime transpiration and its potential impact on plant/water relations for species in a diversity of ecosystems. However, relevant data related to typical desert riparian forest species remains limited Accordingly, we measured sap flow velocity of Populus euphratica using the heat ratio method between 2012 and2014. Nocturnal stem sap flow was separated into nighttime and stem refilling using the ‘‘forecasted refilling'method. Nighttime transpiration was observed for each phenophase. The highest value was during the full foliation period but lowest during leaf expansion and defoliation periods. The contribution of nighttime transpiration to daytime transpiration was an average of 15% but this was comparatively higher during the defoliation period. Relationships between nighttime transpiration, vapor pressure deficits, and air temperatures were more closely associated than with wind speed in all phenophases. Moreover, we found that nighttime transpiration linearly correlated to vapour pressure deficit during the first and the full foliation periods, but nighttime transpiration showed exponential correlations to air temperatures during the same phenophases. Additionally, environmental drivers of transpiration were significantly different between nighttime and daytime(P \ 0.05). Driving forces behind nighttime transpiration were characterized by many factors, and integrated impacts between these multiple environmental factors were complex. Future studies should focus on these integrated impacts on nighttime transpiration, and the physiological mechanisms of nighttime transpiration should be investigated, given that this could also influence its occurrence and magnitude during different phenophases.     

墨玉县天然胡杨林春尺蠖飞防试验研究

为有效防治春尺蠖,首先通过对墨玉县春尺蠖发生期进行监测,在掌握春尺蠖的最佳防治时期的基础上,在墨玉县胡杨林内进行了飞机防治试验。经虫情调查,从4月13日开始二龄幼虫数量逐渐增加,14日二龄幼虫占总虫口数的58%,为最佳防治时期;使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治春尺蠖,虫口减退率最高达到98.4%,平均为93.8%。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是一种高效、快速、稳定、持效期长的生物农药,药剂效果明显。     

群众杨组培体系的研究

以群众杨(Populus popularis 35-44)为材料建立组织培养再生系统。研究表明，外植体取材部位对不定芽的分化率有非常明显的影响，叶片的再生能力较弱，而幼茎的再生能力很强，叶柄的再生能力介于叶片及幼茎之间。因此，无菌苗幼茎是快繁和基因转化的理想外植体。在组培体系建立过程中发现再生不定芽中存在生长优于对照的个体，是否为体细胞无性系变异有待进一步研究。     

胡杨文化探讨

在我国传统文化里,胡杨文化已经根植在人类发展的历史进程中,随着社会的发展,不断衍生出新的形式和内容,并与人们的生产和生活息息相关。胡杨保护着荒漠生态,是耐人寻味的历史景观。文章通过胡杨的物态文化、行为文化、精神文化来系统阐述人们对胡杨崇拜及胡杨精神对人类的影响。     

胡杨引种与嫁接技术研究

以山西省北部风沙区为胡杨引种试验区,以新疆北部的石河子和南部的库尔勒为种源地,进行引种和种源对比试验,以群众杨和旱柳为砧木进行胡杨炮捻嫁接繁育试验。结果表明：根据栽植成活率和生长量,石河子为适宜种源;群众杨和胡杨的亲和力很高,嫁接成活率最高达81%,平均成活率69.5%,群众杨是胡杨嫁接繁育的适宜砧木;炮捻嫁接扦插成活后,在封垄高度达到25 cm,垄内水分充足,地温和气温很高的第2年7月,形成自生根系。     

Conversion of water consumption of a single tree and a forest stand of Populus euphratica

Our study dealt with the determination of sapwood sap flow of a single Populus euphratica tree by heat pulse technique and the calculation of water consumption of an entire forest stand, given the correlation between sap flow and sapwood area of P. euphratica. The relation between diameter at breast height （DBH） and sapwood area constitutes a powerful model; these variables are highly correlated. By means of an analysis of DBH in the sample plot, the distribution of the sapwood area of the forest land was obtained and the water consumption of this P. euphratica forest, in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, calculated as 214.9 mm by standard specific conductivity of the sample tree.