肉鸡肌肉品质的研究现状与进展

随着养禽业的蓬勃发展,鸡肉作为人类重要的肉食品之一,其品质受到更多消费者的关注.近年来对肉鸡肌肉品质的研究成为动物科研工作者以及生产者共同关注的问题.本文从肉鸡的品种、营养及饲养管理等方面对提高肉鸡肌肉品质的研究进行综述,为深入探讨肌肉品质调控机理提供参考,并对今后的研究方向进行展望.     

肉鸡肌肉品质的研究现状与趋势

鸡肉是重要肉食品之一,在肉类的消费结构中占有重要地位,比重超过30％,且年均增长率超过1％。现代化养鸡业的蓬勃发展,鸡肉产量迅速增加,生产成本也不断下降。然而产量的大幅度增加与肉的品质特别是风味的不尽人意的矛盾越来越突出。因此针对鸡肉品质的研究已成为畜牧业生产和食品科技工作者共同关注的课题。     

家兔肌肉品质的研究现状

文章综述了兔肉品质的研究进展以及影响兔肉的主要因素,重点介绍了容易被兔屠宰加工企业忽视但易影响兔肉品质的宰前因素和屠宰致昏方式,并展望了兔肉未来研究的方向和前景。     

L.fermentum F-6对肉鸡屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同剂量的L.fermentum F-6对肉鸡的屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响,进一步探讨其作为一种新型饲料益生菌的可行性。试验以玉米和大豆粕为主要原料配制日粮,采用单因子完全随机试验设计方法,选择1日龄雌雄各半的健康AA肉鸡240只,称重后随机分为4个组,其中1个对照组和3个L.fermenti F-6组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,各组鸡的初始体重经方差检验差异均不显著(P>0.05)。对照组肉鸡不饲喂L.fermentiF-6,L.fermentiF-6组饮水饲喂L.fermentiF-6,添加水平分别为2×105、2×106和1×107 cfu/ml,试验期42 d。研究结果表明,添加L.fermenti F-6可显著提高肉鸡全净膛率和胸肌率(P<0.05),提高肉鸡屠宰性能,其中以添加剂量为2×106 cfu/ml时效果较好。添加L.fermenti F-6对肉鸡肌肉pH值、系水力和肉色指标无显著影响,但与对照组相比,L.fermentum F-6对肌肉系水力和肉色有一定改善效果。     

月桂酸对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响

旨在研究月桂酸(lauric acid, LA)对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质、常规营养成分和抗氧化性能的调控作用。试验选用480只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和在基础饲粮中分别添加75 mg·kg^-1金霉素(抗生素组)、500 mg·kg^-1月桂酸(月桂酸低剂量组,LA500)、1 000 mg·kg^-1月桂酸(月桂酸高剂量组,LA1 000)的试验饲粮,试验期为42 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,饲粮补充500 mg·kg^-1月桂酸显著增加了肉鸡胸肌24 h的红度(a^*)值、黄度(b^*)值、pH和有机物、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),显著增加胸肌总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)(P<0.05)并显著上调了SOD1、CAT、GPX1、Nrf2、HO-1基因的表达水平(P<0.05),降低了肉鸡胸肌24 h的亮度(L^*<...     

运输应激影响肉鸡宰后肌肉能量代谢和肉品质的研究进展

运输应激是肉鸡宰前主要的应激之一.在运输应激条件下,肉鸡机体能量代谢加强,供能物质如葡萄糖、糖原等通过糖酵解作用补充能量,导致宰后肌肉中糖原、乳酸含量及糖酵解关键酶活性发生变化.同时,运输应激影响了肉鸡宰后肌肉能量代谢,进而影响肉品质.本文就运输应激对肉鸡宰后肌肉能量代谢和肉品质的影响进行了综述,并结合宰后肌肉糖酵解及...     

银杏-杜仲叶复合发酵物对肉鸡抗氧化能力和胸肌肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏-杜仲叶复合发酵物( GEL)对肉鸡抗氧化能力和胸肌肉品质的影响.选取360只1日龄的健康爱拔益加( AA)肉鸡,随机分为6组,即对照组、未发酵物[未发酵银杏-杜仲叶( NGEL)]组[在基础饲粮中添加 NGEL,前期( 1～21 日龄)添加0.3%,后期(22～42日龄)添加0.6%]及4...     

乳化复合植物油粉对AA+肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质和肌肉风味物质含量的影响

试验旨在探究乳化复合植物油粉对肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质和肌肉风味物质含量的影响。试验选用120只1日龄健康AA⁺肉鸡(公母各半)随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。1～21日龄、22～42日龄肉鸡豆油组饲粮分别添加0.49%、2.45%豆油,植物油粉组饲粮分别使用1.00%、4.30%乳化复合植物油粉替代豆油组饲粮中的豆油,两组饲粮各营养成分含量一致。试验期42 d。结果显示：与豆油组相比,植物油粉组肉鸡42日龄体重、平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);油脂类型与性别的交互作用对肉鸡屠体重有显著影响(P<0.05),公鸡屠体重显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),腹脂率和皮脂厚显著低于母鸡(P<0.05),植物油粉组屠体重和胸肌率显著高于豆油组(P<0.05),腹脂率显著低于豆油组(P<0.05);植物油粉组公、母鸡肌肉肉色(亮度L~*、红度a~*、黄度b~*)、剪切力、滴水损失和蒸煮损失与豆油组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);油脂类型与性别的交互作用对肉鸡肌肉三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量和胸...     

不同品种白羽肉鸡肌肉品质及营养成分的比较研究

为研究小型白羽肉鸡与快大型白羽肉鸡肌肉品质及营养成分差异,试验选取WOD168配套系为小型白羽肉鸡代表,选取科尼什与白洛克杂交后代为快大型肉鸡代表,于6周龄屠宰后进行肉品质及肌肉营养成分测定.结果显示:小型白羽肉鸡比快大型肉鸡有更高的剪切力,更小的肌纤维直径和更高的肌纤维密度;小型白羽肉鸡胸肌粗蛋白含量较快大型肉鸡高,...     

α-生育酚琥珀酸酯对肉鸡抗氧化功能与肌肉品质的影响

旨在研究并比较DL-α-生育酚醋酸酯(DL-α-TOA)及不同水平D-α-生育酚琥珀酸酯(D-α-TOS)日粮对肉鸡的生长、抗氧化功能与肉品质的影响。选用1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)肉鸡320只,随机分为4个处理,分别在基础日粮中添加30 mg.kg-1DL-α-TOA(对照组)及D-α-TOS 10 mg.kg-1(α-TOS1组)、30 mg.kg-1(α-TOS2组)和50 mg.kg-1(α-TOS3组),试验期42 d。结果表明:对照组及各α-TOS组间肉鸡的生长均无显著差异(P0.05);相关性分析结果表明,肉鸡日粮中D-α-TOS的添加水平与血清(R2=0.983 1,P0.01)和肝脏(R2=0.933 6,P0.05)中α-生育酚(α-TOH)的含量呈显著正相关,与血清(R2=-0.948 7,P0.05)和肝脏(R2=-0.990 1,P=0.051 8)丙二醛(MDA)呈负相关;与对照组和α-TOS1组相比,日粮中添加30~50 mg.kg-1α-TOS能够使血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肝脏的T-SOD活性及T-AOC均有不同程度地提高(P0.05或P0.01),同时肝脏活性氧(ROS)水平也显著降低(P0.05);在肉品方面,日粮中添加30~50 mg.kg-1α-TOS显著降低了肉鸡胸腿肌的滴水损失(48 h)和剪切力,及腿肌的烹饪损失,但对pH45 min、pH24 h、24 h滴水损失和肉色无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加30~50 mg.kg-1D-α-TOS能够在一定程度上提高肉鸡机体的抗氧化功能,提高了肌肉的系水力和嫩度,其原因主要是α-TOS的添加导致α-TOH在血清和肝脏中含量的提高,及肝脏MDA和ROS水平的降低。     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉肌苷酸含量及肉质的影响

研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响。结果表明，放养（饲喂水平为对照组的50%）肉鸡的骨纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高；肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

Comparative analysis of meat quality and chemical composition among three weight groups of Chinese Ningdu yellow chicken: Implications for customer choice

The aim of this study was to compare the meat quality and evaluate the chemical composition of Chinese Ningdu yellow chicken of different weights once they have reached market age. Thirty hens at the day of age 118 were selected and divided into three groups according to their weight: light weight (1288.00 ± 69.78 g, n = 10), medium weight (1407.17 ± 39.40 g, n = 10), heavy weight (1581.6 ± 46.59 g, n = 10), and the differences in weight among these three groups are significant. Biochemical, histological, and metabonomic approaches were used to obtain index values of meat quality and chemical composition. Compared with meat from lighter chickens, muscle fiber density was significantly lower in heavier chickens, and meat pH was positively correlated with chicken weight. Though the amount of all measured amino acids were not different among three weight groups of chicken, the levels of several kinds of fatty acids exhibited significant differences or correlations, including linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These results contribute to help customers choose the optimal chicken weight depending upon the food to be cooked.     

鸡肉品质营养调控技术研究进展

鸡肉不但具有高蛋白、低脂肪和低胆固醇的优点,而且肉质嫩滑、滋味鲜美,目前肉鸡产量大幅提高与肉品质的下降之间的矛盾日益突出。鸡肉品质受到遗传、营养、饲养和屠宰加工等多种因素的影响。国内外大量研究表明通过营养调控技术能较好地改善鸡肉品质。文章就肉质评定指标、肉质影响因素及鸡肉品质营养调控现状进行综述,以期为相关技术实际应用提供参考。     

茶多糖对鸡肉品质的影响及机理研究

将1日龄AA肉鸡225只随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复25只，分别在饮水中加入0％、0．2％、0．4％的茶多糖，研究其对鸡肉品质的影响及作用机理。结果表明，茶多糖能显著地改善肉色（P〈0．01），降低滴水损失（P〈0．01），明显增强鸡肉的抗氧化性能（P〈O．05），显著地提高肉鸡血清中的GSH—Px（P〈0．05）、SOD活力（P〈0．05），显著地降低血清中的LDH活力（P〈0．05）。同时，茶多糖有提高肌肉中IMP含量（P〉0．05）、血清中AKP活力（P〉0．05）以及降低肌肉中CHOL、Pb、Cd含量（P〉0．05）和血清中CK活力（P〉0．05）的趋势。     

微卫星DNA标记与鸡肉品质性状的相关分析

本研究测定了隐性白羽和仙居鸡参考家系F2代500羽个体的26个微卫星座位的多态性,分析微卫星标记与鸡肉品质性状之间的相关性,结果发现:位于2号染色体上的标记ADL212分别与pH值和嫩度显著相关;位于3号和5号染色体上的微卫星标记MCW 004和MCW 223与肉色显著相关;与胸肌失水率显著相关的微卫星标记分别为:位于2号染色体的MCW 264和ADL212以及5号染色体的MCW 223和9号染色体的ADL211。     

大恒优质肉鸡S01和S05品系的蛋品质测定与分析

本试验选取大恒肉鸡S01和S05品系在相同条件下饲养,300日龄时分别随机抽取新鲜种蛋100枚进行蛋品质测定。测定结果如下:S01品系蛋重为57.1g,蛋形指数为1.39,蛋壳强度为3.6kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为78.7;S05品系蛋重为58.6g,蛋形指数为1.34,蛋壳强度为3.7kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为82.6。结果表明S05品系的蛋品质优于S01品系,两品系种蛋的各项蛋品质指标均在正常范围内。     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。选用240只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸能够显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌失水率和粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);(2)添加0.15%的牛磺酸显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌率和瘦肉率(P<0.05),显著降低皮脂厚(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),显著降低胸肌粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);(3)0.20%的牛磺酸显著提高胸肌pH、肉色和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05)。     

Resveratrol beneficially affects meat quality of heat‐stressed broilers which is associated with changes in muscle antioxidant status

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary resveratrol (Res) supplementation on serum parameters, meat quality and muscle antioxidant status of broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 270 21‐day‐old male Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with six replicates of 15 birds each. The three treatment groups were as follows: the control group, in which birds were reared at 22 ± 1°C, and the HS and HS + Res (400 mg/kg) groups, in which birds were reared at 33 ± 1°C for 10 h (08.00–18.00 h) and 22 ± 1°C for the rest of the time. Compared with birds in the control group, birds in the HS group exhibited increased serum corticosterone (CORT) and triacylglycerol contents, L*, drip loss and muscle malondialdehyde content, and decreased serum glucose content, pH_24 h, muscle total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activities (P < 0.05). Compared with birds in the HS group, birds in HS + Res group exhibited increased serum glucose content, a*, pH_24 h, muscle T‐AOC and CAT activities, and decreased serum CORT and triacylglycerol contents, L*_24 h, drip loss and muscle malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Res beneficially protects against HS‐impaired meat quality of broilers through regulating muscle antioxidant status.     

肉鸡品种对胴体性状和肉质的影响

本研究将清远麻鸡的两个纯系(A和B)与快速生长型AA肉鸡(C)杂交,在3个月的生长时间中测定了杂交品对肉鸡胴体性状、肌肉成分及氨基酸组成的影响.结果:杂交品系肉鸡的体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌和腹脂重量均显著高于纯种品系(P<0.05).杂交品系肉鸡的肌纤维密度和剪切力较纯种品系显著提高了6.94％和7.98...     

The effects of the dark house system on growth,performance and meat quality of broiler chicken

Meat production with minimum animal suffering is a humanitarian concern. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the performance of Cobb broiler chickens from 7 to 46 days of age when raised under different installations: dark house system (DHS), conventional yellow system (CYC) and conventional blue system (CBC). The feed conversion ratio for the birds raised on the DHS was 3.8% and 2.7% lower than those for the CYC and CBC systems, respectively. Compared with the CYC and CBC systems, average daily gain under the DHS was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively, and body weight at 46 days was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The birds' welfare was assessed based on their stress by determining the amount of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat in the breast fillets. The CYC and CBC birds had 24.3% and 25.3% PSE meat, respectively, whereas the DHS birds had 37.0%. We concluded that the DHS has a greater potential to produce broiler chickens, with superior performance to conventional systems, despite the higher stress faced by the birds during the maneuvers just before slaughter.