浆液池搅拌器固液两相三维数值模拟

对固-液悬浮搅拌槽中的固液两相流场进行研究,进而讨论固体浓度对搅拌槽内液相流场的影响规律,是固液搅拌研究工作的重要组成部分.本文应用商业计算流体力学软件fluent对浆液池中的流场进行模拟,基于N-S方程和标准的k-ε紊流模型,模拟出浆液池中液体的流动情况和浓度的分布,分析垂直面内和水平面内液相流的流场分布规律、固相颗粒浓度特点,并分析产生这种情况的原因,为搅拌器的设计和池液的改形提一些建议.     

搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液内部流动数值模拟

对搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液的两相流场进行研究,分析搅拌罐内液相流场的流动规律.应用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液的混合进行数值模拟,采用非结构化四面体网格,利用多重参考系法,选用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,分别模拟了搅拌器5种不同安装高度下的搅拌流场,并分析了搅拌器的速度流线分布、搅拌器叶片表面的压力分布规律、搅拌罐内固体体积分数的分布和搅拌功率.模拟结果表明：搅拌器形成一个较大的搅拌流场,主体循环较好,由固体体积分数分布图和漩涡所在平面固体体积的分布规律明确了倒锥体区域和漩涡区的位置.由搅拌器的功率系数对搅拌器的性能进行判定,根据此判定依据可知,所设计的搅拌器性能优良,研究结果对搅拌器的优化设计具有一定的参考价值.     

搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液内部流动数值模拟

对搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液的两相流场进行研究,分析搅拌罐内液相流场的流动规律.应用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对搅拌罐内纸浆悬浮液的混合进行数值模拟,采用非结构化四面体网格,利用多重参考系法,选用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,分别模拟了搅拌器5种不同安装高度下的搅拌流场,并分析了搅拌器的速度流线分布、搅拌器叶片表面的压力分布规律、搅拌罐内固体体积分数的分布和搅拌功率.模拟结果表明：搅拌器形成一个较大的搅拌流场,主体循环较好,由固体体积分数分布图和漩涡所在平面固体体积的分布规律明确了倒锥体区域和漩涡区的位置.由搅拌器的功率系数对搅拌器的性能进行判定,根据此判定依据可知,所设计的搅拌器性能优良,研究结果对搅拌器的优化设计具有一定的参考价值.     

多级离心泵内部固液两相流动及磨损特性

为深入了解多级离心泵叶轮和导叶内部固液两相流动状态,基于ANSYS CFX软件,结合双流体模型,计算了额定工况下,固相体积分数分别为0%和20%、固液两相密度比为1.468时,两级离心泵内部三维非稳态固液两相流动.结果表明:固相的加入会降低多级泵的出口压力,固相的存在对于液相流场具有一定影响;流场中固体颗粒的分布与其所在流场区域有相应关系,在叶轮中,叶片进口处压力面与吸力面均有较高固相体积分数,叶片出口处吸力面固相体积分数高于压力面;在导叶中,正导叶进出口固相体积分数较高,正导叶正面固相的运动速度和体积分数均明显高于背面;叶轮进出口和导叶进口局部磨损较为明显.研究固体颗粒的运动规律对于固液两相流泵的设计具有一定参考价值.     

HD型石油化工流程泵内部固液两相分布规律

为了研究HD型石油化工流程泵首级双吸式叶轮、双蜗壳流道内部固液两相流动规律,应用计算流体动力学软件Fluent,基于雷诺时均N-S方程和k-ε紊流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法进行压力速度耦合,对双吸式叶轮、双蜗壳内的流场进行数值计算.同时分析不同初始固相体积分数以及不同颗粒直径条件下,叶轮及双蜗壳内的固相体积分数分布的变化规律,得到与单吸式叶轮、单蜗壳不同的流动规律.计算结果表明:在双吸式叶轮内,随着初始固相体积分数的增大,固相体积分数分布变化很大且变化规律明显,靠近吸力面侧固相体积分数较大,靠近压力面侧则较低;固体颗粒在双吸式叶轮中有向叶片吸力面侧运动的趋势,且随着粒径的增大颗粒会向叶片吸力面运动,但固相体积分数分布变化不大;在双蜗壳流道内,固相体积分数分布不均匀,在第一断面至第八断面固相体积分数相对较大,在扩散段外侧体积分数较大,内侧体积分数较小,固体颗粒有向外侧壁面运动趋势,固相体积分数显著较大.     

螺旋轴流泵的固液两相流动数值模拟

为研究螺旋轴流泵输送含有沙、油和水的固液两相时内部的流动情况,基于Ansys CFX软件,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型,采用固相颗粒直径为2 mm,初始体积分数分别为5%,10%,15%,以及液相油初始体积分数分别为5%,10%,15%时,对螺旋轴流泵叶轮流道内固液两相流场内部变化规律进行数值计算.结果表明:沙和油的分布规律相似,主要集中于叶轮进口边轮毂头部、叶轮外缘区域;当沙和油的初始体积分数改变时,其对应的过流部件内体积分数分布也发生了变化,分布区域也有所改变,说明沙和油两相互相影响对方的分布;当沙和油的初始体积分数一定时,各相的相对速度变化规律总体上趋于一致,其相对速度由大到小依次为沙、油和水;扬程和效率的计算曲线与试验曲线基本吻合,扬程误差值在3%左右,效率误差值在4%左右,说明试验方案的设计合理可行,数值模拟结果较为准确.     

基于Particle模型固液两相流离心泵流场数值模拟

基于Particle模型和非均相模型,运用流场分析软件ANSYS-CFX对固液两相流离心泵的内部流场进行数值模拟.液相采用标准k-ε湍流模型,壁面设置为无滑移壁面条件;固体颗粒相采用离散相零方程模型,壁面设置为自由滑移壁面条件.重点分析了过流部件壁面处固体颗粒的滑移速度、颗粒体积分数分布、滑移速度及体积分数分布与过流部件磨损的关系,将数值模拟结果与相关文献中的试验结果进行对比.结果表明:在蜗壳大包角壁面处,固体颗粒相的体积分数较大;在叶片头部靠近前盖板处、叶片压力面和吸力面的尾部处、蜗壳起始段靠近隔舌处和靠近叶片压力面尾部的前后盖板处等壁面,固体颗粒相的滑移速度较大,磨损较为严重.采用Particle模型和非均相模型能准确地模拟固液两相流泵内的流动规律.     

射流泵液固两相流特性三维大涡模拟

为研究射流泵的三维液固两相流动特性,应用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法模拟其内部流动特征.采用LES方法和混合模型对射流泵在输送固体颗粒时的三维流场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同的固体颗粒直径、固相初始体积分数及流量比等参数对射流泵液固两相射流的湍射流场及射流泵基本特性的影响.结果表明：在较小的流量比条件下,固液两相流射流泵的压力比和效率与清水时的差别不大;但是在较大的流量比条件下,随着固相初始体积分数的增大,基本性能曲线与效率均下降,且流量比和固相初始体积分数越大时,其下降幅度越大;在固相初始体积分数和固相颗粒直径一定时,流量比越大,充分混合后的含砂体积分数将随之增大.固体颗粒直径越大,则越容易产生局部体积分布集中的现象,易在射流泵内形成堵塞.研究结果为工程实际应用提供了一定的技术支持.     

离心泵叶轮固液两相流动及泵外特性数值分

基于N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC法,对离心叶轮三维固液两相流场进行了耦合计算,得到了固相(颗粒)不同粒径、不同体积浓度不同密度以及不同流量时的固相(颗粒)浓度分布,并研究了外特性的变化规律.模拟结果表明,颗粒本身的性质密度、粒径对颗粒的分布及运动规律影响较大,密度、粒径越大的颗粒在惯性力作用下易偏向工作面;颗粒体积浓度对颗粒的分布略有影响;泵在非设计工况下运行时,相对进口液流角的变化影响了颗粒在叶轮内的分布情况;颗粒密度、粒径、固相体积浓度的增大会引起扬程的减小.     

螺旋离心泵固液两相非定常流动诱导力特性

采用雷诺平均N-S方程,结合滑移网格技术对150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵进行了固液两相非定常流动的数值计算,给出了在不同固相体积分数下蜗壳出口面的压力脉动、叶轮径向力、叶轮轴向力以及作用在叶轮上扭矩的分布规律,并分析了固相体积分数的变化对其大小和方向的影响.结果表明,不同固相体积分数对蜗壳出口面压力、作用在叶轮上的扭矩、轴向力和径向力在1个周期内的变化趋势和力的方向没有影响,但各个力的大小随着固相体积分数的增加而增大;蜗壳内壁各监测点的压力在1个旋转周期内呈波动状态,并且波动趋势明显不同,这与各监测点的位置和叶轮与蜗壳之间的干涉作用有关,随着叶轮的旋转,在螺旋叶片的作用下,全流道内的压力顺着蜗壳内壁沿叶轮旋转的方向逐渐增大;固相体积分数的改变对蜗壳内各监测点的压力脉动趋势影响较小,固相体积分数的增加使得各监测点的压力值随着固相体积分数的增加而增加,但是固相体积分数变化对蜗壳表面压力波动的幅值影响较小.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。